• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2001

This study was conducted to develop a prototype of adjustable desk and chair for students from elementary to high school. The development process started with identifying the problems of existing adjustable desks and chairs that are currently available in the market. The following fundamental design criteria were established and then applied to develop the prototype. The criterion of minimization of production cost yielding lower the market selling price was the most critically considered in view of the school furniture buyers' price-consciousness. Other design criteria used in this development were designing for stable and solid structure, requiring few motions and no tools to adjust, requiring the use of only one hand to adjust, unrestricting the adjustable interval, providing extra space for foot and knee area, reducing weight to move easily, and requiring not to move around for cleaning up floor. To evaluate the performance of the prototype, the adjustability of prototype was specifically compared with both dimensions suggested by KS G 2010(Korean Standards for desks and chairs for students) and current anthropometric dimension in terms of the flexible range of accommodation. Results of this study illustrate that the prototype developed in this study could be accommodated for the both dimensions. As a concluding mark, appropriate adjustable range for various grades and age groups were presented.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2006

Because students are spending more time in their classroom for learning and study, indoor air quality problems in school classrooms are very important. when the classroom is built for the first time, namely newly built school, the selection of inside finishing material is directly connected with indoor air quality problems especially with HCHO and TVOC. But until now, there is no plenty of study about this. Moreover, there are some concerns about the desks and chairs which are used in classroom will affect the air quality. but almost no study is being made at all Therefore, this study focuses on the field survey and analysis of classroom indoor air quality in newly built schools in Changwon. In this study filed surveys and analysis are conducted as follows. 1) The effect of the material difference in general classroom. 2) The effect of the material and loading ratio difference in special classroom. 3) The effect of the desks and chairs in general classroom.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1990

School children sit long on chairs in their classrom. Their posture is closely related to their chairs. Study of this relationship is very imporant for the health and education of school children. This report presents the results of study condcuted to determine the present status of classroom chairs and solve any problems identifede. The study involved 125 teachers in Seoul and Pusan, 175 fourth graders in Seoul, and 109 fourth graders in Puasn. The body dimensions of the school children and the dimensions of their chairs and desks were measured, and their postures while they studied at their desk were photographed. The following problems were identified as a result of the investigation: (1) Chairs are allocated to pupils according to their stature. (2) The teachers are not satisfied with the chairs and the method by which the chairs are allocated to their pupils. (3) The pupils complain of low seat height, narrow seat, and hard backrest, among other conditions. (4) The pupils select a chair one size larger than that suggested by their body size. (5) The poor posture of the pupils is traced to the seat height and sasyaku$(sitting height {\times} 1/3-1)$ of their chairs, their habit, their way of holding pencils, and lack of instruction by their teachers. The following recommendations are made to solve these problems: (1) Adjust the seat height and desk height to accommodate the pupils. (2) Provide both teachers and pupils with adequate knowledge of chails. (3) Provided each pupil with one desk and make the desk adjustable to sit his or her body dimensions. (4) Allocate a chair and desk to each pupil for his or her exclusive use. (5) Reserch and develop conversion tables that help to find suitable chails for individual pupils. New values of sasyaku and desk height, not specified in Korean Industrial Standards(KS), are proposed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.609-622
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between office and work environment satisfaction levels and workers' musculoskeletal symptoms by conducting surveys asking office workers to state their musculoskeletal symptoms and office and work environment satisfaction levels. Background: The increased number of office workers and their indoor work hours using computers have led to new understandings of the importance of office environment including its temperature, humidity, noise levels, lighting and quality of air, and work environment including monitor arrangement, space arrangement and the functions of desks and chairs. Method: Specific details on office work, office environment satisfaction levels, work environment satisfaction levels, musculoskeletal symptoms, absence from work and treatment due to musculoskeletal related symptoms were analyzed based on the survey answers given by 397 office workers who were the subjects of this research. Results: Office workers showed different characteristics of musculoskeletal symptoms depending on their gender, age, work experience, office hours, break time and time spent on computers. Also, differences in symptoms were found for workers'with different satisfaction levels for office environment (temperature, humidity, noise levels, quality of air, lighting) and work environment (location of monitors, area and display of office space, chairs and desks). ANOVA shows the differences between groups of subjects classified by the experience of work-absences and treatments or pain complaints. Conclusion and Application: Relationship between workers' satisfaction levels with the office and work environment and their musculoskeletal symptoms is expected to be served as essential data for systematic management of the workplace.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2000

Objectives : To inquire the prevalence and the risk factors for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) on young boys in order to use these results as the fundamental data for the prevention of their MPS. Methods : For 7 days in May 1999, this research was taken on 489 male students ranging from 6th to 12th grade. We randomly selected a class for every group and from these classes we operated physical examinations, self-reported questionnaires and from a rehabilitation doctor, MPS test was taken. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were also taken by using the inclinometer. We defined MPS as a regional pain complaint, palpable taut band that is painful on compression. Results : The shoulder MPS prevalence of the subjects were 29.7 persons/100 persons. The statistics revealed that as grades went up, the percentage significantly increased in the MPS prevalence. As of case-control study, 145 students who were tested postive in all aspects were placed as cases, and 176 students who were perfectly normal as controls on risk factors. As a result of comparing the student groups who were stisfied with their chairs to the student groups were not satisfied, the taller showed a significantly higher odds ratio (p<0.01). By the multiple logistic regression test, we concluded that the MPS disease was prevailed far more in the students in the higher grades (Odds ratio: 1.16, 95% C.I.: 1.03-1.31), and also those who were dissatisfied with their chairs than in the ones who were satisfied (Odds ratio: 1.92, 95% C.I.: 1.17-3.17). Conclusions : Significant correlations showed between the MPS diagnosed group and the students who are dissatisfied with their chairs. As a result, more research and observation has to be made concerning this disease, and the desks and chairs should be adjusted to suit the student's physical standards.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

According to the Korean National Statistics Office(KNSO), more than 90% of Korean adolescents aged from 15 to 19 use a computer for more than 10 hours per week. The KNSO also reveals that this age group mostly uses a computer in their own room, followed by a commercial place. It is also found that the house for the adolescent is not simply a physical environment, but is rather a center of their personal lives where their personal and social developments are formed. Therefore, the physical environment where computers are used is very important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and needs of computer furniture for the adolescent. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and 414 adolescents participated. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Most of the respondents(42%) used the internet for less than one hour per day and it was used for community visits and operations, game, and chat rooms. (2) The desks where computers were used were specially designed and made of wood. Chairs were typically height adjustable with armrests and there was no task lighting for computer use. (3) The preferences of computer furniture were chairs with a high back, casters and armrests. The overall satisfaction of individual computer rooms was low. However, it is important for an adolescent to be provided with a user friendly environment for sound growth and development. Further study is therefore needed regarding environmental variables through empirical study.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

The objective of this paper is to compare two national guidelines on the VDT work management published by Ministry of Labor(MOL) and Korean Standard(KS), and suggest possible modifications of them. The scope of this paper was limited to the desktop type of VDT jobs, excluding laptop environment. In addition, questionnaires were administered to office workers to collect information on the discomfort levels in meeting the MOL Notification. From ergonomic point of view, the most noticeable differences between two guidelines were found with respect to the heights of chairs and desks. In fact, the ranges specified in each guideline were not the same. In the field surveys, it could be known that work environments should be improved.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.93-96
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• 2008

The childhood reading and physical environments are an important factor for shaping personality and values established. Therefore, We have to provide a quality environment for correct reading habits to children. the purpose of this study is to provide a basic interior data through the analysis of case study. for this purpose this study has analyzed of 5 children's reading room of public libraries built in Seoul since 2000. especially the research which it analyzed these reading room of forms of space, furniture, color, finish material, lighting. the results of this study are follows : Chairs and desks were not considered of children's scale or uniformly made. compositions of convenient facilities has insufficient component. finish material and lighting plan is similar to adults reading room plan. To give correct reading habits and interest to children, considered space design is necessary.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.115-131
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• 1998

Understanding average abnormal obese high school students' health awareness and attitude, We analyzed problems affect on this to provide basic data for the school health education in the near future. From March, 1997, covering a month period, We investigated 300 average obese students from each 3 school, both boys and girls, around Taegu area. Followings are the summary. 1) Grouping obesity, 86.6% of boys were abdominal type and 54.0% of girls were lump types. 2) IN physical check-up and serum lipid lab., there were a lot of abnormal students for blood pressure, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), neutral lipid, the rate of lipid in the body, atherosclerosis index and electrocardiogram (ECG).; Especially, for the rate of Lipid in the body, 100.0% were in the abnormal range. 3) The main reasons of stress were on the physique and grade. Over 50.0% of students get rid of their stress by singing and dancing. 4) 46.7% of boys and 56.0% of girls were satisfied with their desks and 51.3% of boys and 48.0% of girls were satisfied with their chairs.; 70.0% of boys and 78.7% of girls usually felt uncomfortable for their desks and chairs. 5) 100.0% of boys and 98.0% of girls have been educated for obesity.; 53.3% of boys and 50.7% of girls were not interested in whether joining in or not, if ‘Obese school’ is open. 60.7% of boys get information about weight loss from television, while 41.3% of girls get it from all sorts of publications.; Both sexes said eating convenience food is the main reason to be obese. Most frequent disease is high blood pressure.; 30.0% of boys and 31.3% of girls were hypertensives. 6) 84.7% of boys and 78.0% of girls are awake to the seriousness of obesity from their families. 58.7% of boys and 66.0% of girls sometimes have meals with their families. For the boys, 30.0% of them eat fruit and 29.3% eat cookies while 37.3% of girls eat cookies for their snacks. Both 57.3% of boys and 40.0% of girls have a snack once a day and they drink soft drinks frequently. Both 32.0% of boys and 46.7% of girls have midnight meals 1-2times a week. 7) Both 45.3% of boys and 50.0% of girls suddenly gained their weight in the elementary school times. 30.0% of boys exercise 1 hour for a week, while 48.0% of girls don't exercise. For the exercise hour, both 53.3% of boys and 42.0% of girls exercise for 10-30 minutes a time. 59.7% of boys and 82.0% of girls strongly don't trust in the informations on weight loss. Both 74.0% of boys and 75.3% of girls think physical therapy is the most suitable way for obesity care.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2017

The elementary school classroom is a space where children spend a long time during the day, during the six years of childhood, in which children are emotionally sensitive and emotionally important. Therefore, it is necessary to create a classroom that can develop emotions considering the developmental characteristics of children. However, the elementary school classroom in Korea has less change in the classroom envir- onment than in the rapidly changing curriculum, and classrooms and furniture considering emotional development are hard to find. Therefore, this study suggests the necessity of improvement for classroom furniture of elementary school, presents problem and consideration condition of present classroom furniture by analyzing the present condition of elementary school classroom in Korea and child development characteristic of school age, and proposes the improvement direction through analyzing domestic and foreign classroom furniture products. To do this, we checked the physical and developmental characteristics of children ages 8 to 13, confirmed the use of the classroom furniture in 10 schools located in Seoul, Gye- onggi and Incheon, analyzed the problems of these furniture, compared and analyzed the shape, material, and color of the products of 32 domestic companies teaching tools manufacturers focusing on desks, chairs, lockers, and teaching aid box that are commonly used in classrooms. Through this, this study provided basic data for the selection of ideal classroom furniture in the future.