• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Purpose - As the smart-phone market adds new technologies and introduces new marketing trends, competition among companies is getting fierce. Now, smart-phone companies need to pay attention not only to attaining new customers but also to retaining customers, which means managing relationships to prevent customer defection. Therefore, how to satisfy customer needs and maintain long-term relations are both important to make consistent progress in the rapidly changing smart-phone market. To illustrate this point, the study focuses on analyzing the effects of consumption value on relational factors and buying intentions among smart-phone users. First, consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. After that, the effects of these values on satisfaction and brand trust were confirmed. Additionally, effects of satisfaction and brand trust on repurchase intention were analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - The data was collected in a self-administered survey among 270 undergraduate students, using smart-phones between June 4th-12th, 2012. A total of 257 questionnaires were collected and used for the data analysis. A path analysis based on Lisrel 8.54 was used for the hypothesis test. Consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. Subsequently, the effects of these values on satisfaction and trust in the brand were confirmed. Additionally, the effects of satisfaction and trust in the brand on repurchase intention were analyzed. Results - First, functional value, economic value, and emotional value - especially emotional value - were revealed to have positive effects on satisfaction. Second, emotional value was shown to have positive effects on brand trust, while functional and economic values did not. Third, satisfaction had positive effects on brand trust. In considering the relative influence on brand trust, satisfaction was the most crucial factor. It is clear that in the evaluation of the direct experience, using the product or the service plays an important role in building brand trust. Fourth, satisfaction and brand trust positively influenced repurchase intention. This indicates that both factors must be achieved to induce the repurchase Intention among customers. Conclusions - One can see that the enjoyable emotions consumers feel while using smart-phones is the most important factor in increasing levels of satisfaction. Moreover, this indicates that consumers pursue economic desires along with convenient functions in order to reduce opportunity costs. Additionally, consumers are affected by psychological and emotional messages in building trust, rather than practical and rational ones. Thus, in order to appeal to young clients as an attractive brand in the smart-phone market, approaching customers with an emotional value is recommended. In addition, in order for the brand to gain trust, the overall experience the consumer feels while using smart phones should be maximized. After all, one must fulfill the consumers' desire for a new experience and show a willingness to faithfully accomplish the responsibility of the brand to strengthen relationships with customers in the smart-phone market.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 1976

Studies have been carried out to design a suitable consumer size package from flexible packaging material to hold 100 grams of Chilli powder and 250 grams of whole chilli which are moisture and color sensitive. 1. Sorption characteristics of the chilli powder has revealed that moisture sorption is rapid above 55 per cent R.H., and the product is fairly hygroscopic. Further, an equilibrium moisture content of about 15 per cent at 70 per cent R.H., appears to be critical from the point of microbial spoilage of chilli powder. 2. Studies on the colour (Capsanthin) changes of chilli powder equilibriated to different moisture content, have revealed that colour changes during storage is greatly influenced by the moisture content and temperature decreases the capsanthin content of chilli during storage. 3. From the studies, it can be inferred that the sunlight exhibits pronounced effect in bleaching of colour and brings about maximum discolouration of the red pigment in chilli. 4. From the packaging and storage studies of chilli powder in different flexible films, it can be concluded that for long-term storage, the aluminium foil laminate is unique in offering maximum protection from various physico-chemical changes. For short-term storage and for fairly good moisture and colour protection, amber or black polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and Saran/Cello/Saran poly laminate pouches appear to be suitable alternatives.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-85
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• 2023

Purpose - This study seeks to investigate the determinants of global sourcing intention in clothing sewing industry, in particular with its focus on women's knit wear production. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected a unique set of qualitative data through 31 in-depth interviews with fashion brands, promotion agencies, and sewing factories between July 2023 and October 2023. In addition, it analyzed the dataset using the MAXQDA to complement the research findings. Findings - We have two findings. First, the interviewees commonly mentioned the following factors as reasons for considering global sourcing: the human factors(aging of skilled technicians and labor shortages), the financial factors(gap in production unit prices at home and abroad), the relational factors(lack of novelty), and the physical factors(loss of production infrastructure and network), while the human factors(skilled workforce), the production factors(delivery date and product quality), and the relational factors(timely communication and mutual trust) as reasons for continuing domestic sourcing. Additional code analysis of interview also supports this finding. On the other hand, there was also a subtle difference between buyers(brands) and suppliers(promotion agencies and processing plants), and buyers consider the exact delivery date critical so that they could see trend-sensitive women's knit wear on time, and suppliers took production costs, labor costs, and labor shortages, which are financial factors, more seriously. Research implications or Originality - This study provides a richer and more balanced view of existing literature, which has generally tended to introduce global sourcing across the clothing industry despite the existence of various diversity within the industry. In addition, through qualitative research, we introduce that the sewing industry is carried out according to complex factors, and by revealing and categorizing the determinants of global sourcing, we supplement the existing research on the clothing sewing industry centered on survey. On a practical note, this study introduces that there is a difference in view of domestic sourcing and global sourcing between buyers(brands) and suppliers(promotion agencies and sewing factories), suggesting practical implications for revitalizing networks and deriving win-win cooperation network models among members in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.9C
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• pp.861-870
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• 2002

In this paper, with targeting on the drawback of RSA of operation speed, a new 1024-bit RSA cryptosystem has been proposed and implemented in hardware to increase the operational speed and perform the variable-length encryption. The proposed cryptosystem mainly consists of the modular exponentiation part and the modular multiplication part. For the modular exponentiation, the RL-binary method, which performs squaring and modular multiplying in parallel, was improved, and then applied. And 4-stage CSA structure and radix-4 booth algorithm were applied to enhance the variable-length operation and reduce the number of partial product in modular multiplication arithmetic. The proposed RSA cryptosystem which can calculate at most 1024 bits at a tittle was mapped into the integrated circuit using the Hynix Phantom Cell Library for Hynix 0.35㎛ 2-Poly 4-Metal CMOS process. Also, the result of software implementation, which had been programmed prior to the hardware research, has been used to verify the operation of the hardware system. The size of the result from the hardware implementation was about 190k gate count and the operational clock frequency was 150㎒. By considering a variable-length of modulus number, the baud rate of the proposed scheme is one and half times faster than the previous works. Therefore, the proposed high speed variable-length RSA cryptosystem should be able to be used in various information security system which requires high speed operation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

Purpose - This is a case study aimed at finding a solution for improving the pallet loading efficiency in the process of delivering products through a transshipment using the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems. The study proposes a solution by demonstrating the case of a certain manufacturer A, who aims to reduce the logistics cost by using packaging sizes that are commonly applicable and can improve the compatibility between the T-11 pallet system, designated as the standard pallet in Korea, and the T-12 pallet system, which is commonly used in other foreign countries. The use of common sizes increases compatibility among the two systems and reduces both logistics and environmental costs. Thus, this case study calculates the quantitative benefits of applying common packaging sizes to improve the compatibility between the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems. These systems are considered to be the most important and widely used transportation systems in the global logistics industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined manufacturer A's representative product and delivery system and assessed how manufacturer A was affected by the use of incompatible packaging sizes in the T-11 (1100 mm×1100 mm) and T-12 (1200mm×1000 mm) pallet systems, which were specified in the KS T 1002 standard. In addition, this study analyzed the impact of these packaging sizes on A's logistics cost. The TOPS program (Total Packaging System) was used to simulate pallet loading efficiency,and the main parameter studied was volume, as calculated from length, width, and height. Results - When the sizes of secondary packaging were not compatible across the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems, a reduction in loading efficiency was observed, leading to an increase in logistics cost during transshipment. Such low loading efficiencies led to a further loss of efficiency in transportation, storage and unloading. This may have a possible environmental impact with high social expenses, such as increased CO₂ emissions. Hence, this study proposed that the KS T 1002 standard be amended to include 21 packaging sizes, including 7 sizes of the 600 mm×500 mm category, which are compatible with both the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems. Conclusions - This study found that the 69 standard sizes under the T-11 pallet system and the 40 standard sizes under the T-12 system in the KS T 1002 standard can be simplified and reduced to 21 mutually compatible packaging sizes, enabling logistics standardization and reducing national-level logistics costs. If the government pays attention to this study and considers the standardization of common sizes for the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems and amends the KS T 1002 standard, this study will deliver practical value to the global logistics industry, apart from being of academic significance.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Because of the cognitive overload which is caused by the complicated information structure, Digital Convergence product interferes with the effective retrieval of the information from the menu. Two methods have been used to alleviate that cognitive overload by making an effective menu structure; physical menu structure method which is related with the width and depth of the menu, semantic menu structure method which is related with the menu title. In this research, we tried to demonstrate the effectiveness of the menu structure designing method by suggesting a new semantic methodology which uses the Fixation and Fixation duration which are accompanied by the visual search. Because the Fixation is automatically processed by the human cognitive model, we could easily recognize whether the information structure is correspond to the cognitive model or not. From this fact we established the hypothesis that the number of cognitively well established menu structures are fewer than that of the wrongly designed menu structures in terms of the Fixation number and Duration. To verify this hypothesis, we compared the Fixation number and Duration of the modified menu structures with those of the original menu structures by using the Eye-Tracking experiment. As a result, we could find the significant decrease of the Fixation number and Duration after modification. Therefore we could recognize that the modified menu structure was more effective than the original menu structure. In sum, the newly suggested menu structure designing methodology which uses the Fixation and Fixation Duration accompanied by the visual search was proved to be a very effective method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1721-1732
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• 2007

This study identified types of information source, and explored a path model for consumer information search by shopping attributes in the context of online decision making. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires during regularly scheduled classes. A total of 219 usable questionnaires were obtained from respondents who enroll at universities in the southwestern region of the United States. For data analysis, factor analysis and path model estimation were used. Consumer information source was classified into three types for online clothing purchases: Online source, Offline retail source, and Mass media. Consumers were more likely to rely on offline retail source for online clothing purchases, than other sources. In consumer information search by shopping attributes, online sources were more likely to be related to transaction-related attributes(e.g., incentive service), whereas offline retail source(e.g., displays in stores, manufacturer's catalogs and pamphlets) were more likely to be related to product and market related attributes(e.g., aesthetics, price) when purchasing clothing online. Also, the path model emphasizes the effect of shopping attributes on traditional retailer search behavior, leading to online purchase intention for clothing. This study supports consumer information search by attributes, and discusses a managerial implication of multi-channel retailing for apparel.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

Purpose: The growth of online commerce is now becoming a major threat and a new opportunity for retailers. Existing offline retailers struggle to cope with new online retailers' threats by utilizing offline infrastructure. Besides, online retailers expand their online strengths to offline sales by opening their offline stores. Many retailers are paying close attention to the O2O business and the resulting changes. Thus, this research focuses on the O2O business model and process that retailers can adopt. Research design, data and methodology: Considering the features of products that retailers sell, this paper divides O2O business process with the following criteria: delivery lead-time and delivery area. And This research uses the business model canvas to define the features of O2O commerce business process. This paper also uses nine key elements in the business model canvas for analyzing the structure of O2O commerce business. Results: This paper suggests the delivery model of retailers respond to offline customer orders and summarizes the following results. (1) Considering characteristics such as logistics process, delivery area, and product type, we define the features of O2O business models: wide-area (warehouse) based O2O business model, regional area (store) based O2O business model and time-separated O2O business model. (2) This study checks the availability of the business model through the business cases of O2O business models. (3) This study also analyzes the O2O business model of domestic retail companies by the factors defined in the business model canvas. Conclusions: Retailers can adopt the O2O business process to fit their business requirements and strategy. The online retailers who deal with normal consumer products mainly have the wide-area based O2O business model. The wide-area based O2O business model can be suitable for retailers who manage inventory centrally. The time-separated O2O business model can be a good solution for fresh food retailers to operate the logistics process efficiently. And to shorten the delivery lead-time of fresh foods, the regional area based O2O business model can be fit to the retailer that utilizes its offline logistics or sales infrastructure. It may be much more important for retailers to share the inventory information with other branches and to change the role of offline stores.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2017

Since the year 2000, the growth rate of domestic manufacturing has declined and the sales and employment have decreased. Major developed countries have established a variety of strategies to strengthen their manufacturing competitiveness, and promote manufacturing innovation through the convergence of technology and ICT. The key to manufacturing innovation is to reduce the time and cost for developing new products using modeling and simulation (M&S) technology in the product design stage. M&S industries, which belong to the top sector of the industry value chain, have a huge ripple effect across other industries. On the other hand, the competitiveness of the domestic M&S industry is weak compared to developed countries and even the definition and classification of domestic M&S companies have not been made. In this paper, by analyzing the Korea Standard Industry Classification (KSIC), five fine industry classifications included in M&S service companies were derived. In addition, the 307 M&S service companies were derived in accordance with the selection procedure of 3 steps from the 11,822 related companies. To analyze the capabilities of domestic M&S service companies, the current status of the selected M&S service companies was investigated. Considering the Korean economy's high dependence on the manufacturing industry, strengthening the competitiveness of manufacturing industry is required by enhancing the capacities and building an ecosystem in domestic M&S services for future sustainable economic growth.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.333-340
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• 2017

Timelapse is an imaging technique that captures motion at regular intervals and then projects it at normal speed. We looked at Timelapse advertising images of global brands and presented a model for analyzing components and expression methods of Timelapse, a new image technique. In previous research, literature research, Internet data survey, and YouTube data were investigated. Continuous photography has been developed as an imaging technique, and we have examined the current production status applied to domestic and foreign documentary, domestic and foreign drama, film, and advertisement. In 2015-2016, I will analyze the techniques of iPhones (2016), Ralph Lauren Polo Ads (2015), and Canon EOS (2013) videos that use Timelapse techniques in their recent advertisements. The results show that the Timelapse component is a static element, the static motif is mainly an artificial structure, the place is outdoor, the color is taken at a time showing the characteristics of the place, and the layout is all centered. The dynamic motif is a moving object. The dynamic line consists of a story based on the object. The time is about 11-15 seconds, the longest is about 1 minute and 30 seconds, and the editing is mainly focused on the product with the brand logo emphasized. In conclusion, it is the role of the image to pay attention to the advertisement and catch the eye. In order to motivate the buyer's mind, it is necessary to direct and edit such as Timelapse, which stimulates the emotions inherent in the mind and stimulates the non-verbal symbols. Future research is likely to reveal various attempts at temporal editing of images.