• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on health status(pain, trunk flexion, IADL, depression) of patients with chronic low back pain. Method: This study used a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design. Data were collected from December 1st, 2000 to December 20th, 2001. 63 chronic low back pain patients(35 experimental group, 28 control group) admitted to the Back-School and consented to this study. The experimental group participated in treatment: Koryo Hand-Acupuncture and AB-Bong. Two groups was homogeneity. After 4 weeks the effects of treatment on the health status was measured between experimental and control group. Data were analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, t-test, and paired t-test. Result: In the experimental group, pain(t=4.85, p=.000) and IADL difficulty(t=2.05, p=.045) was significantly lower than those in the control group. It makes no difference trunk flexion(t=-1.60, p=.114) and depression(t=1.50, p=.138) between experimental and control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Koryo-Hand Acupuncture is an effective method for reducing pain and IADL difficulty in patients with chronic low back pain, and is considered as a independent nursing intervention for chronic low back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.400-410
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress by control of inverse lighting times with night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet(EHD1, 2: extreme heat diet) containing different amount of soy oil, molasses, amino acids and vitamin C on short chain fatty acid and blood lipid profile. 300 broiler chickens(Abaica strain) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. The four dietary treatment groups were: T1(EHD 1, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T2(EHD 2, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T3(EHD 1, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light), T4(EHD 2, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light). The body weight gain of the broilers was highest in T2, and high in order T1, T4, T3(p<0.05). Weights of the lymphoid organ, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were high in T1, T2 as compared to T3, T4 but spleen was lower in T4 than T1, T2, T3(p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were higher in T1, T2 than T3, T4(p<0.05). LDL-C was high in orderT4, T3, T2, T1 but HDL-C showed the opposite trend(p<0.05). Blood concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T1, T2 than inT3, T4, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T1 and T2, Lactobacillus in the feces increased, but total aerobic bacteria, E.coli, coliform bacteria was decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T3 and T4(p<0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in cecum were high in order T2, T1, T3, T4, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid were lower in T1, T2 than in T3, T4 (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 1998

This study was proposed to investigate effects of inclusion of Chinese milk vetch silage (MVS) and rapeseed meal (RSM) on the growth and rumen fermentation of Hu-sheep. Fifty weanling lambs were randomly divided into five equal groups and offered ammoniated rice straw (ABRS) ad libitum along with 100 g concentrate (Trial 1). The animals in $T_0$, $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ group were respectively supplemented with MVS at levels of 0, 0, 7, 14 or 21% and with RSM at levels of 0, 15, 10, 5 or 0%. Daily gain of lambs was significantly (p<0.05) higher in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ group than that in $T_0$ and $T_4$ group. Feed conversion ratio was greatly reduced in supplemented groups as compared with $T_0$ group. In trial 2, five sheep with rumen cannulae were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design. The experimental treatments were as described in Trial 1, but without concentrate. The intake of AVRS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in $T_4$ group than that in $T_0$ group, and also significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in $T_1$ and $T_2$ group. Little difference among all treatments was found in 48h DM degradability of ABRS, MVS and RSM, and in rumen pH value and microbial protein concentration. Rumen concentrations of individual and total VFA tended to be higher in supplemented groups than those in $T_0$ group.These rusults suggest that supplementation with RSM or RSM plus MVS can effectively improve the performance of lambs, and may fail to influence markedly the rumen digestion of ABRS and rumen environments.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11c
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• pp.497-499
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• 1999

This paper considers enhancing the robustness of a MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output) predictive control system. The characteristic polynomial matrix of the closed-loop is shown to consist of two factors $P_c$ and T, where $P_c$ is determined by the tuning knobs of the predictive controller and T is an observer or prefilter polynomial matrix. The robust stability condition is derived in terms of $P_c$ and T. A guideline on the selection of T is then presented for open-loop stable processes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the feeding effects of total mixed fermentations (TMF) with spent mushroom (Flammuliua velutipes) and wet brewer's grain on estimating the productivity and nutrient utilization of Korean black goats. Four experimental groups were set up with each of the 5 animals for a 30-day feeding trial on growth performance. 12 black goats with regard to nutrient digestibility were allocated to 4 groups of 3 animals each by a latin-square design control group (offered concentrate and rice straw) and 3 treatment groups (TMF with 15% spent mushroom and 25% wet brewer's grain (T1), 10, 30% (T2) and 5, 35% (T3)). The average daily gain (ADG) of the control and T1 treatment groups was higher than that of the T3 treatment group (p<0.05). Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake (kg/head) for T1 and T2 treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM and OM for the control group (62.39~63.39%) and the T1 treatment group (65.02~65.25%) were significantly higher than those of the T3 treatment group (56.39, 59.01%) (p<0.05). Further, nitrogen retention was significantly higher in the T1 treatment group (p<0.05). Thus, these results conveyed that productivity and nutrient utilization were similar between TMF with spent mushroom and wet brewer's grain and commercial feeds. However, this study also suggested that feed must contain 25~30% spent mushroom due to the fact that the productivity of Korean black goats was decreased by increasing the content of spent mushroom.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.525-530
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• 2003

Recently an automobile industry is concerned about an automobile wiring harness system. It means that development of component modules is on the increase. An importance of the connector in one part of the modules will be enhanced. A connector is made of P.B.T. (Poly Butylene Terephthalate). PBT is resistant to the high temperature. This paper deals with thermal strain of connector. According as temperature increase, effects of the temperature and thermal strains give an analysis of the deformation using ABAQUS. This apparent thermal strain results actually from the variation of temperature. Being based on this analysis, axiomatic design applies to design parameters of the connector. As compared with CAE analysis, a performance improvement makes certain of the truth of the matter.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the difference of sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of college students who fulfilled military service and those who did not, for providing basic data for developing nursing interventions for the college students. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study were 3,741 male college students. Data were collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from November to December 2007. The sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior measurement tool was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square test. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) There was a statistically significant difference in sexual knowledge of contraception / abortion(p = .002, t = 3.16), venereal disease(p = .006, t = .2.73), sexual attitude of sexual behavior(p = .002; t = 3.13) and sexual double think(p = .047, t = 1.98) according to military service 2) There was a statistically significant difference in sexual behavior experience frequency of 9 items(friendship with opposite sex, kiss / embracing, petting, porno magazine / porno video contact, masturbation, sexual intercourse via anus, sexual intercourse via mouth, cause pregnancy, cause abortion: p < .000, $x^2$ = 39.47; p < .000, $x^2$ = 55.88; p < .000, $x^2$ = 46.76; p = .034, $x^2$ = 6.77; p = .017, $x^2$ = 12.05; p = .003, $x^2$ = 14.24; p < .000, $x^2$ = 47.70; p < .000, $x^2$ = 23.86; p < .000, $x^2$ = 21.84) respectively according to military service. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that sexual knowledge, attitudes and behavior differ before and after the experience of military service, so further study for detecting military sex culture character effecting difference in sex knowledge, attitudes and behavior is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2005

In this paper, an efficient and robust analysis system for the flutter optimization of laminated composite wings has been developed using the coupled computational method based on the genetic algorithm. General three-dimensional doublet-lattice method is efficiently used to compute generalized aerodynamic forces of T-tail configuration in the frequency domain. Structural dynamic analyses of laminated composite T-tail models are conducted using finite clement method. The classical P-k flutter analysis technique is applied to effectively solve the aeroelastic governing equations in the frequency domain. Optimum design studies using genetic algorithm have been conducted in order to obtain maximum flutter stability of a composite T-tail configuration. The results show that flutter stability can be significantly increased using composite materials with proper optimum design concepts even for the same weight and shape condition. In the view point of engineering design, it is also importantly shown that the optimization of the vertical wing part is highly effective comparing to the optimization of horizontal wing part.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.248-256
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• 2003

Purpose: This research was for checking the effect of meridian massage on the reduction of pain and subjective symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome. Method: The method of the research was interruptive time series design. The research objects are 25 hospital workers with myofascial pain syndrome at B hospital in Busan from July 22, 2002 to August 18, 2002. SPSS Win 10.0 was used for data analysis, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA for hypothesis test. Result: The recipients of meridian massage felt less pain than before(F=12.587, p=.000). The recipients of meridian massage felt less often than before (F=6.705, p=.001). The recipients of meridian massage got lower score on subjective symptoms of myofascial pain than before(F=12.857, p=.000). The recipients of meridian massage had lower blood pressure than before(systolic blood pressure; t=4.697, p=.000, diastolic blood pressure; t=3.426, p=.002). The recipients of meridian massage did not get the lower number of pulse than before(t=0.33, p=.744). Conclusion: The above results show that meridian massage is effective on the reduction of pain and subjective symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome and makes stable the blood pressure. Therefore meridian massage can be apply as the effective intervention for the reduction of pain and subjective symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2005

This study was intended to investigate intertextuality expressed in fashion; intertextuality within fashion as sex, T.P.O., texture, and coordination and intertextuality between fashion and other genre like animation, music, film and technology. Intertextuality obtained by mixing the masculine and feminine text, coordinating various element without regarding T.P.O., texture has contributed to expending aesthetic realm and redefining the aesthetic value of traditional fashion design. The influence of animation, music, film on fashion and the interaction between these genre and fashion integrated high-class fashion and street-fashion, created the multicultural hybrid. Moreover according to the change of lifestyle the fashionable technical clothing was needed and developed. The intertextual tendency in the 21st-century fashion has given the new possibility of fashion design.