• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.95-100
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• 1990

The behavior of short span filled spandrel arch bridge of 10 and 21 m span with various axis line, rise and backill height were investigated under the design loads(self weight, earth pressure, temperature load, live load, etc). Even though the behaviors of arch were known as relatively complicated, the followings can be concluded within the limits of this study. The design value of arch bridge increase as the rise decreases, the effects of temperature load become dominant for the design of arch bridge, and governing design factors are occured at springing.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

PURPOSES: This study is to analyze different vehicle load effects for a bridge design of South and North Korea in order to prepare a common design specification and to secure the safety of transportation when the highway bridges of South and North Korea use together. METHODS: Based on the literature review, this study considers vehicle load effects by comparing different characteristics of the standard vehicle and other differences of the bridge design specification between South and North Korea. And structural modeling of three-span continuous PSC Beam Bridge are analyzed and the bridge capacity according different vehicle loads of South and North Korea is evaluated. RESULTS: The result of this study indicates that the bridge capacity and the design vehicle weight of North Korea are smaller than the bridge capacity and the design vehicle weight of South Korea. Also this study demonstrates that the design vehicle array and other characteristics of North Korea are very different than the design vehicle array and other characteristics of South Korea. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that the outcomes of this study can be useful in the set-up of South-North Bridge Specification because similar previous studies are rarely found.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to experimentally investigate the structural safety of and identify critical locations in a front-end loader under impact loads. Methods: Impact and static tests were conducted on a commonly used front-end loader mounted on a tractor. In the impact test, the bucket of the front-end loader with maximum live load was raised to its maximum lift height and was allowed to free fall to a height of 500 mm above the ground where it was stopped abruptly. For the static test, the bucket with maximum live load was raised and held at the maximum lift height, median height, and a height of 500 mm from the ground. Strain gages were attached at twenty-three main locations on the front-end loader, and the maximum stresses and strains were measured during respective impact and static tests. Results: Stresses and strains at the same location on the loader were higher in the impact test than in the static test, for most of measurement locations. This indicated that the front-end loader was put under a severe environment during impact loading. The safety factors for stresses were higher than 1.0 at all locations during impact and static tests. Conclusions: Since the lowest safety factor was higher than 1.0, the front-end loader was considered as structurally safe under impact loads. However, caution must be exercised at the locations having relatively low safety factors because failure may occur at these locations under high impact loads. These important design locations were identified to be the bucket link elements and the connection elements between the tractor frame and front-end loader. A robust design is required for these elements because of their high failure probability caused by excessive impact stress.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.733-736
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• 1999

R/C columns, one of the main structural members of reinforced concrete structures, usually sustain the axial forces of combined dead loads and live loads. When subjected to lateral loads, however, they are repeatedly subjected to bending moment, shearing forces and brittle failure such as shear failure can occur. This failure mode is not desirable and extra reinforcement is usually needed to induce a ductile failure. The design equation which is used to evaluate the maximum shear strength of a R/C column is still unsatisfactory. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the hysteretic strengthening effect and the maximum shear strength of R/C columns strengthened using carbon fibers on the seismic performance of the R/C columns under anti-symmetrical by acting moment. According to this study, it may be suggested that the shear of the strengthened R/C column were adequate to induce ductile failures.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

Employing tilted forms in tall buildings is a relatively new architectural phenomenon, as are the cases with the Gate of Europe Towers in Madrid and the Veer Towers in Las Vegas. This paper studies structural system design options for tilted tall buildings and their performances. Tilted tall buildings are designed with various structural systems, such as braced tubes, diagrids and outrigger systems, and their structural performances are studied. Structural design of today's tall buildings built with higher strength materials is generally governed by lateral stiffness. Tilted towers are deformed laterally not only by lateral loads but also by dead and live loads due to their eccentricity. The impact of tilting tall buildings on the gravity and lateral load resisting systems is studied. Comparative evaluation of structural systems for tilted tall buildings is presented.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2022

신뢰도기반 교량설계기준에서 적용할 수 있는 새로운 종류의 차량활하중계수를 제시한다. 현재 사용하고 있는 차량활하중계수 1.8에 대한 적절성을 차량활하중의 재현주기와 교량설계수명에 기초하여 분석하였다. 중력방향하중 지배 한계상태에 대한 목표신뢰도지수 3.72는 적절한 논거 없이 너무 높게 설정된 값이며, 이에 상응하는 하중계수 1.8은 100년 설계수명 교량에서 재현주기 약 670만년 정도에 해당하는 활하중 파괴점을 나타내는 무의미한 값이라는 것을 보였다. 설계 풍속이나 지반가속도와 동일한 재현주기를 차량활하중에도 적용하면 차량활하중계수는 1.15 정도가 되고 목표신뢰도지수는 한계상태를 지배하는 하중에 따라서 2.0 혹은 2.5에 해당하게 된다. 제안한 목표신뢰도지수에 대한 전체 하중-저항계수 조합은 최적화에 의하여 산정하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.381-395
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• 2009

The paper presents a case study in which the structural condition assessment of the East Bay bridge in Gibsonton, Florida is evaluated with the help of remote health monitoring techniques. The bridge is a four-span, continuous, deck-type reinforced concrete structure supported on prestressed pile bents, and is instrumented with smart Fiber Optic Sensors. The sensors used for remote health monitoring are the newly emerged Fabry-Perot (FP), and are both surface-mounted and embedded in the deck. The sensing system can be accessed remotely through fast Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), which permits the evaluation of the bridge behavior under live traffic loads. The bridge was open to traffic since March 2005, and the collected structural data have been continuously analyzed since. The data revealed an increase in strain readings, which suggests a progression in damage. Recent visual observations also indicated the presence of longitudinal cracks along the bridge length. After the formation of these cracks, the sensors readings were analyzed and used to extrapolate the values of the maximum stresses at the crack location. The data obtained were also compared to initial design values of the bridge under factored gravity and live loads. The study showed that the proposed structural health monitoring technique proved to provide an efficient mean for condition assessment of bridge structures providing it is implemented and analyzed with care.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.373-385
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• 2019

This paper presents a useful in-plane structural analysis of low-rise blind-bolted composite frames with semi-rigid joints. Analytical models were used to predict the moment-rotation relationship of the composite beam-to-column flush endplate joints that produced accurate and reliable results. The comparisons of the analytical model with test results in terms of the moment-rotation response verified the robustness and reliability of the model. Abaqus software was adopted to conduct frame analysis considering the material and geometrical non-linearities. The flexural behaviour of the composite frames was studied by applying the lateral loads incorporating wind and earthquake actions according to the Australian standards. A wide variety of frames with a varied number of bays and storeys was analysed to determine the bending moment envelopes under different load combinations. The design models were finalized that met the strength and serviceability limit state criteria. The results from the frame analysis suggest that among lateral loads, wind loads are more critical in Australia as compared to the earthquake loads. However, gravity loads alone govern the design as maximum sagging and hogging moments in the frames are produced as a result of the load combination with dead and live loads alone. This study provides a preliminary analysis and general understanding of the behaviour of low rise, semi-continuous frames subjected to lateral load characteristics of wind and earthquake conditions in Australia that can be applied in engineering practice.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2008

국내 LRFD 도로교설계규정을 정립하기 위한 자료로 활용하기 위하여 단경간 및 3경간 연속 플레이트 거더 및 박스 거더 합성단면을 하중저항계수설계법으로 설계하고 설계된 단면의 휨에 대한 신뢰도해석을 수행하였다. LRFD 법에 의한 합성거더 단면 설계 시에는 최근 국내 통행차량의 특성을 분석하여 새로 제안된 활하중을 적용하였다. 신뢰도해석에서 휨저항강도는 최근 국내에서 생산된 16,000여 구조용 강재 표본의 항복강도 통계적 특성을 반영하여 재료 비선형 소성해석으로 구한 강합성단면의 휨저항강도 통계를 이용하였다. 활하중에 의한 작용모멘트의 편심계수는 1.0~1.2를 적용하였으며 강거더 자중, 콘크리트 바닥판 자중, 포장면 자중 등에 의한 고정하중 모멘트 통계 값은 A SHTO 보정자료를 사용하였다. Rackwitz-Fiessler 법으로 신뢰도해석을 수행하고 지간별, 강거더 형식별, 활하중계수별, 활하중 모멘트의 편심계수별로 신뢰도지수 계산 결과를 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2019

This paper investigates the probability of failure of reinforced concrete beams for limit state of collapse for flexure and shear. The influence of randomness of the variables on the failure probability is also examined. The Indian standard code for plain and reinforced concrete IS456:2000 is used for the design of beams. Probabilistic models are developed for flexure and shear according to IS456:2000. The loads considered acting on the beam are live load and dead load only. Random variables associated with the limit state equation such as grade of concrete, grade of steel, live load and dead load are identified. Probability of failure is evaluated based on the limit state equation using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Importance of the random variables on the limit state equations are observed and the variables are accordingly reduced. The effect of the reduced parameters is checked on the probability of failure. The results show the role of each parameter on the design of beam. Thus, the Indian standard guidelines for plain and reinforced concrete IS456:2000 is investigated with the probabilistic and risk-based analysis and design for a simple beam. The results obtained are also compared with the literature and accordingly some suggestions are made.