• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

Purpose - This study examines the impact of oil price volatility on economic activities in Korea. The new millennium has seen a deregulation in the crude oil market, which invited immense capital inflow into Korea. It has also raised oil price levels and volatility. Drawing on the recent theoretical literature that emphasizes the role of volatility, this paper attends to the asymmetric changes in economic growth in response to the oil price movement. This study further examines several key macroeconomic variables, such as interest rate, production, and inflation. We come to the conclusion that oil price volatility can, in some part, explain the structural changes. Research design, data, and methodology - We use two methodological frameworks in this study. First, in regards to the oil price uncertainty, we use an Exponential-GARCH (Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity: EGARCH) model estimate to elucidate the asymmetric effect of oil price shock on the conditional oil price volatility. Second, along with the estimation of the conditional volatility by the EGARCH model, we use the estimates in a VECM (Vector Error Correction Model). The study thus examines the dynamic impacts of oil price volatility on industrial production, price levels, and monetary policy responses. We also approximate the monetary policy function by the yield of monetary stabilization bond. The data collected for the study ranges from 1990: M1 to 2013: M7. In the VECM analysis section, the time span is split into two sub-periods; one from 1990 to 1999, and another from 2000 to 2013, due to the U.S. CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission) deregulation on the crude oil futures that became effective in 2000. This paper intends to probe the relationship between oil price uncertainty and macroeconomic variables since the structural change in the oil market became effective. Results and Conclusions - The dynamic impulse response functions obtained from the VECM show a prolonged dampening effect of oil price volatility shock on the industrial production across all sub-periods. We also find that inflation measured by CPI rises by one standard deviation shock in response to oil price uncertainty, and lasts for the ensuing period. In addition, the impulse response functions allude that South Korea practices an expansionary monetary policy in response to oil price shocks, which stems from oil price uncertainty. Moreover, a comparison of the results of the dynamic impulse response functions from the two sub-periods suggests that the dynamic relationships have strengthened since 2000. Specifically, the results are most drastic in terms of industrial production; the impact of oil price volatility shocks has more than doubled from the year 2000 onwards. These results again indicate that the relationships between crude oil price uncertainty and Korean macroeconomic activities have been strengthened since the year2000, which resulted in a structural change in the crude oil market due to the deregulation of the crude oil futures.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2013

Purpose - This empirical analysis determines the structured causal relations between perceived value, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention among users of traditional markets. The results of this analysis would help merchants and market operators indevisingan appropriate strategy to successfully manage traditional markets. Research design, data, methodology - The perceived value model of traditional markets includes functional value (price), functional value (quality), emotional value, and social value. In this study, the perceived value of traditional markets is considered as an independent variable, while customer satisfaction and repurchase intention are shown as the dependent variables, where customer satisfaction is also considered as the mediating variable. The study aims to ascertain the extent of influence of the perceived value of traditional markets on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. We use regression analysis to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, we made some modifications. We distributed questionnaires to 300 consumers on a national scale, and finally used 241 consumer responses among these as a sample. We analyzed the data using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program. Results - We obtained the following results. First, the order of perceived value dimensions of traditional markets that positively impact customer satisfaction is functional value (price), social value, emotional value, and functional value (quality). Second, the perceived value sometimes directly affects repurchase intention; its effect is typically strong with customer satisfaction as a parameter. The order of perceived value dimensions that positively impact repurchase intention is social value, functional value (price), emotional value, and functional value (quality). Third, the perceived value significantly influences repurchase intention, with customer satisfaction as the mediating variable. Conclusions - We should recognize the importance of perceived value in retail distribution markets, such as traditional markets. Moreover, we need to develop strategies to improve the perceived value. The practical implications of the study are as follows. First, with regards to functional value (quality; price) dimensions, we should have an appropriate assortment of high quality products that are reasonably priced. In addition, customers are satisfied with the friendly service, discounts, and other benefits provided by the merchants. Second, in terms of emotional value dimension, we need to develop differentiated events that provide fun and emotional experience to the customers. Third, in the context of social values dimension, we should strive to positively influence society to enhance social image through activities such as social services and contribution to community development. On the basis of these results, we present the implications, limitations, and future directions for the research. One of the policy implications of the study is that merchants of traditional markets must actively select customers and develop customer value. However, this study is limited in the fact that the population used for data collection is not fully representative, as the survey only covered some specific areas. Moreover, future studies could also benefit with additional research using moderating variables.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Purpose - As an important participant in the financial markets, the commercial bank will be impacted by the interest rate marketization. Owing to the special condition of China, this paper tries to explore the impact of operating mechanisms between interest rate marketization and the profitability of the commercial Bank. Research design, data and methodology - This paper applies time series data from 2005 to 2016. Due to the short period of time series, autocorrelation often occurs. Therefore, the fully modified least squares(FMOLS) will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The reason is that it can move off the autocorrelation between variables and disturbance term. And FMOLS also can make estimated cointegrating parameters closed to normal distribution. More importantly, in order to avoid spurious regressions, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test will be used to verify the stationarity of all variables. The total return of asset is treated as the profitability of commercial bank. The net interest spread is treated as a measurement of interest rate marketization. Both are regarded as dependent variables. The non-interest income or gross revenues and impaired loans or gross loans are treated as independent variables. The sixteen representative listed commercial banks are divided into three categories (state-owned, share-holding and city-owned) to conduct an estimation. Results - Via empirical analysis, the findings show that the net interest spread has a positive effect on the profitability of the commercial bank. More specifically, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.157% increase in the profitability of state-owned commercial bank, 0.269% increase in the profitability of share-holding commercial bank and 0.263% increase in the profitability of city-owned commercial bank. If regarding the sixteen listed commercial city as a whole, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.267% increase in the profitability of the commercial bank. Conclusions - As the interest rate marketization, the importance of interest rate on the profitability of commercial bank has become more and more significant. The empirical evidences also prove that the net interest spread can bring about the change of the commercial bank's profitability. Therefore, policy-makers of commercial banks should fully understand the operating mechanism between them.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Purpose - In this study, the safety related tasks for low cost carriers' were examined and measures to improve them were suggested. As the air demand increases rapidly, number of passenger has mushroomed in Korea and in order to keep with the demand low cost carriers have played a role. However, low cost carriers' safety related tasks are not reliable level so far. Thus, in this study, the low cost carriers' current situations in terms of safety are investigated, especially regarding how well the ICAO's new safety policies are applied. Research design, data, and methodology - The results of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation' investigation are introduced and field study results are analysed. Current status of retaining experts, staffs, administrators in terms of aviation safety tasks of low cost carriers is compared to those of major airliner and low cost carriers' aviation safety culture is also analyzed by examining the systems and questioning staffs. Especially the culture regarding aviation safety is very important because the culture surrounding the safety tasks plays a major role in every respect of conducting the tasks. Results - Overall the current status of low cost carriers' aviation safety tasks is below standard. Especially retaining experts and staffs is basically below the required level. Also, system and organization to conduct safety tasks are not satisfactory. In particular, aviation safety culture is not settled to operate appropriately. Conclusions - The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and member states are continuing to launch new safety policies in response to the surging demand for air travel worldwide. The most urgent and important issue among the various safety policies is to reduce air accidents. In order to reduce the number of accidents, ICAO decided to reduce the number of accidents by using the Reactive Safety Management. ICAO has to ensure that each member country can implement proactive safety management for aviation safety. A safety management system (Safety Management System) is a system in which each member state implements a fulfillment standard. The current situation and problems of the safety management system for each airline are suggested and proposed for improvements.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2017

본 연구는 여고생의 신체존중감, 비만스트레스, 자아존중감과 체중조절행위와의 관련성을 파악하고, 건강한 체중조절행위를 유도하기 위한 효과적인 프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 서술적 상관관계 연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 B와 J시에 소재하고 있는 2개 고등학교에 재학중인 여고생을 대상으로 하였으며, 체중조절행위 경험이 없거나 실제 BMI가 저체중으로 파악된 설문지를 제외한 135부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 프로그램을 사용하여 기술통계, t-test 혹은 one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient를 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 불건강한 체중조절행위는 신체존중감(r=-.18, p<.05), 비만스트레스(r=.39, p<.001), 자아존중감(r=-.32, p<.001)과 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 여고생의 건강한 체중조절행위를 유도하기 위해서는 신체존중감, 비만스트레스 및 자아존중감 변수를 고려한 융복합적 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2004

The effect of adding carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs to sweet potato leaves (SPL) on silage quality was studied using a total of 180 laboratory silos. Silage quality was assessed by changes of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_{3}$-N). Pre-wilted SPL was mixed with cassava root meal (CRM), sweet potato root meal (SPM) or sugar cane molasses (Mo) at levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ (air-dry weight of additives to pre-wilted weight of SPL). Samples for assessing silage quality were collected after mixing the SPL with the additive and thereafter at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of ensiling. There was a marked decrease in pH after 7 days and the pH remained low and stable until day 56. Addition of 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ resulted in a lower pH (p<0.05) than the other treatments. The DM content of the silage increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive, while there were no differences in DM with time of ensiling. The CP content of the silage decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive. The CP content did not change up to 28 days, but was lower (p<0.05) after 56 days in all treatments. The $NH_{3}$-N levels were increasing (p<0.05) with time of ensiling, and were lower (p<0.05) with additive levels of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ or higher. Also, the additive source affected the $NH_{3}$-N values, with the lowest values found for Mo. Castrated male pigs (Large White$\times$Mongcai) were used in 4$\times$4 Latin square design to study the total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) utilisation of diets with inclusion of ensiled SPL. The diets were based on cassava root meal with inclusion of protein from either fish meal (C) or SPL ensiled with CRM (D1), SPL ensiled with SPM (D2) and SPL ensiled with Mo (D3). The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and CP were higher (p<0.05), and the digestibility of crude fibre (CF) was lower (p<0.05), in diet C than in diets D1, D2 and D3. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in digestibility of dietary components between diets D1, D2 and D3. Also, the excretion of N in faeces was higher (p<0.05) and the N retention was lower (p<0.05) in diets D1, D2 and D3 than in diet C. It can be concluded from the present experiments, that a good quality silage can be produced from pre-wilted SPL by addition of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ of either CRM, SPM or Mo. Diets with inclusion of 450 g ensiled SPL $kg^{-1}$ DM showed a high digestibility of dietary components and thus ensiled SPL should be considered as a potential feed resource for growing pigs.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

본 연구는 쾌적한 주거환경과 지속가능한 도시를 구현하기 위한 일환으로 신규 공공주택단지에 건설된 생활폐기물 자동집하시설을 이용하는 거주자를 대상으로 그 사용 평가를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 6개 도시 소재 분양 및 임대 아파트 단지 11곳의 거주자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 통계분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 거주자들 대부분은 현주택단지에 이사 오기 전까지 생활폐기물 자동집하시설을 들어보거나 사용해 경험이 없었으며, 대부분 이사 직후 관리사무소 직원을 통해 사용법을 습득하였다. 다만, 분양아파트 거주자들에 비해 임대아파트 거주자들의 이용법 교습시점이 3배 이상 늦어졌다. 생활폐기물 자동집하시설에 대한 만족도는 분양아파트 거주자보다 임대아파트 거주자들에게서 더 높았고, 세부적인 항목에서도 임대아파트 거주자들이 보다 더 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 생활폐기물 자동집하시설에 대한 부정적으로 평가된 항목은 거의 없었으나 사용자 중심의 편리성이 강화된 시설로 거듭나는 요구가 있었다. 분양 및 임대아파트 거주자들 대부분은 생활폐기물 자동집하시설이 쾌적한 주거환경 구축하므로 확대 보급되어야 한다고 하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.674-681
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• 2015

음식물쓰레기의 감량과 자원화를 실용화하기 위한 일환으로 수행된 본 연구는 목질바이오칩을 활용하여 발효 소멸 기술을 적용한 음식물쓰레기 제로하우스 시스템(ZFWS)을 공동주택 단지 내에 구축하여 평가하였다. 단지 내 시험장치를 설치하여 운영 제반 전 과정을 모니터링한 현장조사와 그 장치를 이용한 거주자들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 병행하였다. 현장 조사에서는 투입 음식물쓰레기와 혼합 반응조 혼합물의 성상, 발효 소멸된 최종 부산물의 성상을 분석하였다. 투입 음식물 쓰레기와 혼합 반응조 혼합물은 안정화된 수준의 유기물 함량과 함수율, 낮은 염도, 약칼리성의 수소이온농도, 높은 ATP 농도를 보여 발효 소멸 반응이 원활히 이루어졌음을 보여주었다. 최종 부산물은 비료공정규격의 기준(예, 유기물 함량, 유기물대질소비, 수분, 염분, 각종 중금속 등)에 적합하고, 친환경 퇴비로서 충분히 기능하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, ZFWS 시범 운영에 참여한 가구들을 대상으로 한 설문조사에서 거주자들 대부분은 ZFWS의 도입에 적극적이었고, 그 운영에 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 따라서, 본 연구결과는 ZFWS이 기존 음식물쓰레기의 처리방식을 개선하고, 공동주택 단지 내 발생하는 음식물 쓰레기의 퇴비화를 실현하는 최적의 모델로서 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2013

가정 하수구의 주요 오물은 난분해성 모발로서 이것이 하수의 악취를 막기 위한 유트랩 장치에 다량으로 쌓이게 된다. 이러한 오물은 물의 흐름을 막는 현상을 일으키기 때문에 대부분의 가정에서 이를 해결하기 위해 상업적으로 제조된 화학적 분해 용액을 하수구에 과량 투입하여 하수구의 막힘 현상을 해결하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 난분해성 케로틴 단백질이 주성분인 모발을 절단 분쇄하는 장치를 개발하여 실험하였다. 실험을 위하여 모발을 효과적으로 절단할 수 있는 절단 분쇄장치를 설계하였으며 그 절단 성능을 실험적인 방법을 통해 규명하였다. 모발 절단 분쇄 장치의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 섬유다발을 부분 절단한 후 무게를 측정하는 방법을 사용하여 절단 모발의 평균길이를 구하였다. 이 방법은 비교적 간단한 무게 측정 방법을 통해 섬유상의 평균 길이를 구하는 것인데, 이를 모발에 적용하여 평균 모발 길이를 크지 않은 오차 범위에서 구할 수 있었다. 또한, 평균절단수를 정의하여 본 연구를 위해 고안된 모발 절단 분쇄 장치의 성능을 평가하였다. 평균절단수 분석 방법을 적용하여 주어진 실험 조건에서 최적의 구조와 최적의 작동시간을 구하는 기준을 제시할 수 있었다. 이러한 실험 방법과 결과는 섬유형태 물질의 절단 분쇄가 필요한 다른 장치에서도 설계와 분석에 사용할 수 있는 하나의 좋은 예시가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서 고안된 절단 분쇄 장치가 실험을 통하여 효과적으로 모발을 절단 분쇄하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 장치를 일반 가정에 설치하여 보급함으로써 최근 심각해지고 있는 하수구에 의한 수질환경 오염 방지에도 효과적인 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

FRP선박의 폐처리와 재활용 연구는 지난 10여 년간 많은 발전이 이루어져 왔다. 특히 해상용과는 달리 폐기물의 투기나 방치가 매우 어려운 육상용 폐FRP의 재활용 방법과 기술의 발전에 기인한 결과이기도하다. 따라서 가장 많은 폐FRP 선박의 재처리는 육상용의 처리공정, 즉 파쇄와 분쇄 공정을 거친 후 수지류와 유리섬유류로 분리하여 재활용 또는 지정폐기물로 처리하게 되었다. 지난 연구를 통하여 처리공정 운영 측면에서 보다 경제적이며 2차 처리공정(분쇄 후 공정)에 유용한 시스템을 개발하였다. 그러나 다년간의 실험실규모의 처리시스템 운영을 통하여 두 가지의 개선점이 발견되었다. 첫째는 단순 용융하여 활용하던 유리섬유의 형상(폭과 넓이)의 다양화가 필요하게 되었으며, 두 번째 문제로는 수중 파쇄 공정 도입을 통하여 분진을 억제하였으나 시스템 상부(파쇄전 공정)를 통한 분진유발로 인하여 작업성의 저하가 발생한다는 것이다. 우선 유리섬유의 형상변화는 파쇄공정 중 칼날의 변화를 통하여 섬유 형태뿐만 아니라 chip형태(직사각형)로 박리할 수 있게 되었으며 파쇄공정의 상부에 cyclone분류기를 설치하여 유리가루와 수지가루를 분류하여 재활용하게 되었다. 아울러 작업환경의 청정성도 유지하게 되었다. 또한 유리 chip을 활용한 노 콘크리트 제품의 강도 실험결과 매우 우수한 결과를 보여주고 있으므로 앞으로의 폐FRP 선박의 재활용 분야의 다양성을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.