• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2012

The purpose of serious game for therapy is not to cure patients directly, but to have them cause psychological change, and get positive treatment will. In this study, we extracted 5 elements to be considered to design efficient serious games for psychological therapy through precedent data's analysis. For verification of the extracted elements, we intensively analyzed 2 elements. Those are 'Re-Mission' of which the effect was already proven, and 'SIMS2' which was designed to get the effect of treatment which patients who may experience difficulties in real-world can obtain in virtual space through previous experiences. As a result, material stability, reality, consistency with characters and self-determination of game progress are applied to all the analyzed games, But interactivity with reality is not applied. However, previous researches and validated questionnaire show that interactivity with reality is appropriate element. Consequently, the results of this study will be important materials in designing more efficient serious games for therapy.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.779-807
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• 2016

Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) are essential tools in seismic hazard analysis. With the introduction of probabilistic approaches for the estimation of seismic response of structures, also known as, performance based earthquake engineering framework; new tasks are defined for response spectrum such as the reference criterion for effective structure-specific selection of ground motions for nonlinear time history analysis. One of the recent efforts to introduce a high quality databank of ground motions besides the corresponding selection scheme based on the broadband spectral consistency is the development of SIMBAD (Selected Input Motions for displacement-Based Assessment and Design), which is designed to improve the reliability of spectral values at all natural periods by removing noise with modern proposed approaches. In this paper, a new global GMPE is proposed by using selected ground motions from SIMBAD to improve the reliability of computed spectral shape indicators. To determine regression coefficients, 204 pairs of horizontal components from 35 earthquakes with magnitude ranging from Mw 5 to Mw 7.1 and epicentral distances lower than 40 km selected from SIMBAD are used. The proposed equation is compared with similar models both qualitatively and quantitatively. After the verification of model by several goodness-of-fit measures, the epsilon values as the spectral shape indicator are computed and the validity of available prediction equations for correlation of the pairs of epsilon values is examined. General consistency between predictions by new model and others, especially, in short periods is confirmed, while, at longer periods, there are meaningful differences between normalized residuals and correlation coefficients between pairs of them estimated by new model and those are computed by other empirical equations. A simple collapse assessment example indicate possible improvement in the correlation between collapse capacity and spectral shape indicators (${\varepsilon}$) up to 20% by selection of a more applicable GMPE for calculation of ${\varepsilon}$.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2001

In this study, numerical analyses on cut-and-cover tunnel linings were performed using different modeling methods based on both structural and geotechnical engineering. The purpose was to find a relatively more reasonable modeling method and boundary conditions. The results of the study revealed problems associated with each modeling method and factors influencing the behavior of cut-and-cover tunnel lining. A method was proposed allowing the simulation of field condition in a more rational way. It was indicated that, under the given conditions, displacements and member forces occurring on concrete lining could be different as much as 53% depending on the type of modeling method applied; and 32% depending on the boundary conditions employed. Determination of boundary conditions properly simulating actual field conditions and verification of prediction based on instrumentation are essential for rational design and analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2018

Previous experimental researches indicate that reinforced concrete beam-column joints play an important role in the mechanical properties of moment resisting frame structures, so as to require proper design. In order to get better understanding of the beam-column joint performance, a rational model needs to be developed. Based on the former considerations, two typical models for calculating the shear carrying capacity of the beam-column joint including the inelastic reinforced concrete joint model and the softened strut-and-tie model are selected to be introduced and analyzed. After examining the applicability of two typical models mentioned earlier to interior beam-column joints, several adjustments are made to get better predicting of the test results. For the softened strut-and-tie model, four adjustments including modifications of the depth of the diagonal strut, the inclination angle of diagonal compression strut, the smeared stress of mild steel bars embedded in concrete, as well as the softening coefficient are made. While two adjustments for the inelastic reinforced concrete joint model including modifications of the confinement effect due to the column axial load and the correction coefficient for high concrete are made. It has been proved by test data that predicted results by the improved softened strut-and-tie model or the modified inelastic reinforced concrete joint model are consistent with the test data and conservative. Based on the test results, it is also not difficult to find that the improved beam-column joint model can be used to predict the joint carrying capacity and cracks development with sufficient accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.72-85
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• 2000

Rock is a very complex and heterogeneous material, containing structural flaws due to geologic generation process. Because of those structural flaws, deformation and failure of rock when subjected to differential compressive stresses is non-linear. To simulate the non-linear behavior of rock, mechanical crack models, that is, sliding and shear crack models have been used in several studies. In those studies, non-linear stress-strain curves and various behaviors of rock including the changes of effective elastic moduli ($E_1$, $E_2$, ${\nu}_1$, ${\nu}_2$, $G_2$) due to crack growth were simulated (Kemeny, 1993; Jeon, 1996, 1998). Most of the studies have mainly focused on the verification of the mechanical crack model with relatively less attempt to apply it to practical purposes such as numerical analysis for underground and/or slope design. In this study, the validity of mechanical crack model was checked out by simulating the non-linear behavior of rock and consequently it was applied to a practical numerical analysis, finite element analysis commonly used.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.269-288
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• 2018

180 different 2D numerical analyses have been carried out to estimate the factor of safety (FOS) for rooted slopes. Four different types of vegetated coverage and a variety of slope geometry considering three types of soil have been evaluated in this study. The highly influenced parameters on the slope's FOS are determined. They have been chosen as the input parameters for developing a new practical relationship to estimate the FOS with an emphasis on the roots effects. The dependency of sliding mode and shape considering the soil and roots-type has been evaluated by using the numerical finite element model. It is observed that the inclination and height of the slope and the coverage type are the most important effective factors in FOS. While the soil strength parameters and its physical properties would be considered as the second major group that affects the FOS. Achieved results from the developed relationship have shown the acceptable estimation for the roots slope. The extracted R square from the proposed relationship considering nonlinear estimation has been achieved up to 0.85. As a further cross check, the achieved R square from a multi-layer neural network has also been observed to be around 0.92. The numerical verification considering different scenarios has been done in the current evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.317-324
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• 2018

Various studies related to therapeutic horseback riding have been reported to be positive for the therapeutic effect of patients with cerebral palsy; however, most of the previous studies focused on to muscle development with training period related to the physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. To identify the causes and phenomena of muscular activation of the body through actual therapeutic horseback riding exercise and to promote the excellence of physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. This study was a nonrandomized prospective positive-controlled trial design. Twelve teenaged males with cerebral palsy were selected who had experienced riding exercise for 8-12 months. This study measured 8 muscle activities of the pectoralis major muscle (PM), biceps brachii (BB), rectus abdominis muscle (RA), latissimus dorsi muscle (LD), spinal erector muscle (SE), rectus femoris muscle (RF), anterior tibial muscle (AT), and external gastrocnemius muscle (EG) by using electromyography (EMG). Muscle activity was significantly higher in horse riding position than sitting on the common chair in all muscles (PM, BB, RA, LD, SE, RF, AT, and EG). The activity of the body muscles according to the difference of horse walking method (walk: WA; sitting trot: ST; and riding trot: RT) of therapeutic horse riding showed the highest muscle activity in the PM muscle at ST, and the highest activity at BB, RA, LD, SE, and AT muscles at ST and RT, and showed the highest muscle activity in RF and EG muscle at RT. The results of this study suggest that intervention for the treatment of cerebral palsy patients can use therapeutic riding exercise as a rehabilitation method.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.3 s.68
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• pp.510-524
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• 2007

There is something common between the Korean female Kukkuk and the Japanese Takarazuka Revue in that actors are all females and love is the main theme. Some of the females should play men's roles, so they are described as ideal men and are more manly than real men, and female audiences are attracted by them. It is hard for actresses to play men's roles-they have to stretch open their shoulders, walk with long steps and produce a deep voice. They put on a makeup a little exaggeratedly to perfectly disguise themselves as men and express strong images-some red tone makeup on their face, thick eyebrows with their ends upward, thick eye lines to make eyes seem bigger and stronger, and thick side whiskers. On the contrary, a makeup for female characters is softer to highlight femininity with thin penciled hair parted and braided on the sides of the face. The Takarazuka Revue's students are divided into male characters and female ones from the regular course of music schools, and they select their roles in consideration of their height and range of voice, mainly based on their wish. In case of male characters, they need a long career and verification of ability to be the best. Females playing men's roles and showing their manliness are violation of a social custom standardizing the character of males and females and are the reverse of roles expected by a society or a culture. A world experienced by these plays is a kind of revolt breaking the taboo of the patriarchal system.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2010

In this paper, we applied the forward and backward error recovery techniques to a reduced instruction set computer (risc) processor to develop two fault-tolerant processors, namely, fetch redundant risc (FRR) processor and a redundancy execute risc (RER) processor. To evaluate the fault-tolerance capability of three target processors, we developed the base risc processor, FRR processor, and RER processor in SystemC hardware description language. We performed fault injection experiment using the three SystemC processor models and the SystemC-based simulation fault injection technique. From the experiments, for the 1-bit transient fault, the failure rate of the FRR, RER, and base risc processor were 1%, 2.8%, and 8.9%, respectively. For the 1-bit permanent fault, the failure rate of the FRR, RER, and base risc processor were 4.3%, 6.5%, and 41%, respectively. As a result, for 1-bit fault, we found that the FRR processor is more reliable among three processors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.369-372
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• 2003

This paper describes a design of OFDM (Orthogoanl Frequency Division Multiplexing) based wireless LAN system receiver, defined in IEEE 802.11a standards. Because OFDM system uses several orthogonal sequence sets, it ran avoid selective fading of fast data transfer problem when it is used with error correction code. But if the receiver is not synchronized, the orthogonal of between sub-ralliers will be destroyed and the data interruption will be generated. So it makes error property get worse very murk. For improving the noise error, we use the relationship of phasor between sub-carriers and make system synchronization using one tab equalizer. The designed OFDM block is described by Verilog HDL for the efficient and small size hardware. And we preform the functional verification and evaluation using the vector of standards.