• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2004

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of rice hull continuously utilized and/or replenished on the composting properties and to obtain the fundamental data between an unsupported wall and a soil supported wall during the period of composting with pig slurry in winter season. There were no the temperature holding effects in soil supported wall. New compost facility design for the temperature holding effects from a soil supported wall was required. The results were as follows; 1. Composting 1㎥ of pig slurry caused to save on 0.31㎥ of bulking agent in the unsupported wall in comparison with a soil supported wall in the rice hull single addition, and 0.45㎥ in the rice hull gradual addition. 2. The pile in the rice hull single addition had a high temperature in 4 days of composting indicating $71^{\circ}C$ and had a tendency in repeating periodically between $40^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ till 43 days of composting. And also the temperature of the pile was maintained between $48^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$ after 50 days of composting. The pile of a rice hull gradual addition had the lower point of the temperature high increasingly according to adding up rice hull during the 35 days of composting. 3. The pH recorded in the rice hull single addition was higher(8.35∼10.02) compared to the rice hull gradual addition(8.6∼9.8). The pile of a rice hull single addition had a tendency in abruptly decreasing pH of the unsupported wall during the period of between 0.363$\textrm m^3$ and 0.537$\textrm m^3$ as a unit of pig slurry per rice hull. EC depending upon the way in adding rice hull was changed between 1.10 mS/$\textrm {cm}^3$ and 1.87 mS/$\textrm {cm}^3$. 4. The organic matter in an unsupported wall of the hull single addition was maintained the level of 55% during the period between 0.119㎥ and 0.363㎥ as a unit of pig slurry per rice hull while in the soil supported wall between 48 and 70. Water soluble C:N ratio was maintained between 1 and 2 in the rice hull single addition, while between 1 and 3 in the rice hull gradual addition. 5. Fertilizer constituents were detected higher level in the unsupported wall than in the soil supported wall in all treatments. This was dependant upon the input of pig slurry.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.151-171
• /
• 2014

Firms today have sought management effectiveness and efficiency utilizing information technologies (IT). Numerous firms are outsourcing specific information systems functions to cope with their short of information resources or IT experts, or to reduce their capital cost. Recently, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) as a new type of information system has become one of the powerful outsourcing alternatives. SaaS is software deployed as a hosted and accessed over the internet. It is regarded as the idea of on-demand, pay-per-use, and utility computing and is now being applied to support the core competencies of clients in areas ranging from the individual productivity area to the vertical industry and e-commerce area. In this study, therefore, we seek to quantify the value that SaaS has on business performance by examining the relationships among firm strategies, SaaS technology maturity, and business performance of SaaS providers. We begin by drawing from prior literature on SaaS, technology maturity and firm strategy. SaaS technology maturity is classified into three different phases such as application service providing (ASP), Web-native application, and Web-service application. Firm strategies are manipulated by the low-cost strategy and differentiation strategy. Finally, we considered customer acquisition as a business performance. In this sense, specific objectives of this study are as follows. First, we examine the relationships between customer acquisition performance and both low-cost strategy and differentiation strategy of SaaS providers. Secondly, we investigate the mediating and moderating effects of SaaS technology maturity on those relationships. For this purpose, study collects data from the SaaS providers, and their line of applications registered in the database in CNK (Commerce net Korea) in Korea using a questionnaire method by the professional research institution. The unit of analysis in this study is the SBUs (strategic business unit) in the software provider. A total of 199 SBUs is used for analyzing and testing our hypotheses. With regards to the measurement of firm strategy, we take three measurement items for differentiation strategy such as the application uniqueness (referring an application aims to differentiate within just one or a small number of target industry), supply channel diversification (regarding whether SaaS vendor had diversified supply chain) as well as the number of specialized expertise and take two items for low cost strategy like subscription fee and initial set-up fee. We employ a hierarchical regression analysis technique for testing moderation effects of SaaS technology maturity and follow the Baron and Kenny's procedure for determining if firm strategies affect customer acquisition through technology maturity. Empirical results revealed that, firstly, when differentiation strategy is applied to attain business performance like customer acquisition, the effects of the strategy is moderated by the technology maturity level of SaaS providers. In other words, securing higher level of SaaS technology maturity is essential for higher business performance. For instance, given that firms implement application uniqueness or a distribution channel diversification as a differentiation strategy, they can acquire more customers when their level of SaaS technology maturity is higher rather than lower. Secondly, results indicate that pursuing differentiation strategy or low cost strategy effectively works for SaaS providers' obtaining customer, which means that continuously differentiating their service from others or making their service fee (subscription fee or initial set-up fee) lower are helpful for their business success in terms of acquiring their customers. Lastly, results show that the level of SaaS technology maturity mediates the relationships between low cost strategy and customer acquisition. That is, based on our research design, customers usually perceive the real value of the low subscription fee or initial set-up fee only through the SaaS service provide by vender and, in turn, this will affect their decision making whether subscribe or not.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 1992

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of plant density and pattern on growth characteristics, total dry matter yield. protein yield and palatability of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sordan 79). The main treatment was three levels of plant density (Skg, 15kg. 30kg/ha) and the sub treatment was two plant patterns of square and rectangular planting.The experiment was arranged as a split plot design and conducted on the Experimental Livestock Farm of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Chungju, 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows :1. As the plant density was increased, plant length, leaf length, leaf width(P<0.05) and leaf number were gradually decreased, but in the same plant density, plant length, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number were generally increased in the rectangular plot. 2. In the first cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the rectangular plot of high density (30kg/ha, 25cm$\times$4cm), but in the second cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the square plot of medium density (15kg/ha, 14cm$\times$ 14cm). 3. The ratio of dead stubble after cutting was generally increased by increasing the plant density. Also, in the same planting density, the ratio of dead stubble was generally increased in the square plot. 4. The tiller number per plant tended to decreased by increasing thc plant density, and the tiller number was increased in the rectangular plot. In the same plant density. 5. Total fresh and dry matter yield were the highest at the rectangular plot of medium density (IS kg/ha, 33cm$\times$6cm) wholly, but the low density was shown the lowest.6. The crude protein content was increased by increasing the plant density per unit area(P<0.05) and the protein yield was also increased by increasing the planting density. 7. According to the increase of plant density, the stem was thinned, but NDF, ADF did not show different. The palatability was in the order of high (30kg/ha))medium (15kg/ha))low density(5kgiha) at the first cutting time, but it was in the order of high)low)medium density at the second cutting time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.19.2-19.2
• /
• 1992

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of plant density and pattern on growthcharacteristics, total dry matter yield. protein yield and palatability of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Sordan 79). The main treatment was three levels of plant density (Skg, 15kg. 30kg/ha) and the subtreatment was two plant patterns of square and rectangular planting.The experiment was arranged as a split plot design and conducted on the Experimental Livestock Farm of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Chungju, 1989.The results obtained are summarized as follows :1. As the plant density was increased, plant length, leaf length, leaf width(P<0.05) and leaf number were gradually decreased, but in the same plant density, plant length, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number were generally increased in the rectangular plot.2. In the first cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the rectangular plot of high density(30kg/ha, 25cm$\times$4cm), but in the second cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the square plot of medium density (15kg/ha, 14cm$\times$ 14cm). 3. The ratio of dead stubble after cutting was generally increased by increasing the plant density. Also, in the same planting density, the ratio of dead stubble was generally increased in the square plot. 4. The tiller number per plant tended to decreased by increasing thc plant density, and the tiller number was increased in the rectangular plot. In the same plant density. 5. Total fresh and dry matter yield were the highest at the rectangular plot of medium density (ISkg/ha, 33cm$\times$6cm) wholly, but the low density was shown the lowest.6. The crude protein content was increased by increasing the plant density per unit area(P<0.05) and the protein yield was also increased by increasing the planting density. 7. According to the increase of plant density, the stem was thinned, but NDF, ADF did not show different. The palatability was in the order of high (30kg/ha))medium (15kg/ha))low density(5kgiha)at the first cutting time, but it was in the order of high)low)medium density at the second cutting time.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2005

The characteristics of cell growth and medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (MCL-PHA) biosynthesis of Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21 were investigated using plant oils as the carbon substrate. The organism was efficiently capable of utilizing plant oils, such as palm oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil, as the sole carbon source for growth and MCL-PHA production. When palm oil (5 g/L) was used as the carbon source, the cell growth and MCL-PHA accumulation of this organism occurred simultaneously, and a high dry cell weight (2.4 g/L) and MCL-PHA ($40.2\;mol{\%}$ of dry cell weight) was achieved after 30 hr of batch-fermentation. The repeating unit in the MCL-PHA produced from palm oil composed of 3-hydroxyhexanoate ($7.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxyoctanoate ($45.3\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydecanoate ($39.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydodecanoate ($6.8\;mol{\%}$), and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate ($1.9\;mol{\%}$), as determined by GC/MS. Even though glucose was a carbon substrate that support cell growth but not PHA production, the conversion rate of palm oil to PHA was significantly increased when glucose was fed as a cosubstrate, suggesting that bioconversion of some functionalized carbon substrates to related polymers in P chlororaphis HS21 could be enhanced by the co-feed of good carbon substrates for cell growth. In addition, the change of compositions of repeating units in MCL-PHAs synthesized from the plant oils was markedly affected by the supplementation of acrylic acid, an inhibitor of fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$. The addition of acrylic acid resulted in the increase of longer chain-length repeating units, such as 3-hydroxydodecanoate and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate, in the MCL-PHAs produced. Particularly, MCI-PHAs containing high amounts of unsaturated repeating units could be produced when sunflower oil and corn oil were used as the carbon substrate. These results suggested that the alteration of PHA synthesis pathway by acrylic acid addition can offer the opportunity to design new functional MCL-PHAs and other unusual polyesters that have unique physico-chemical properties.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.161-183
• /
• 2011

This study aims to design, develop the impact of a high school course in practical problem- focused teaching plan which will enable students to deal with an aging society, and prepare well for the aging by looking at issues the elderly face. This study set a target of analyzing the 2007 revised curriculum manual to develop instructor-led teaching and learning plans for 'Successful aging preparation'. Five common subjects were reframed on a practical problem basis through factor analysis of preliminary research regarding aging education for teenagers and the 2007 revised curriculum and textbooks of Technology Home Economics, and Human Development. The practical problem was 'What do we need to do to Successfully live an independent life in aging?', and the subjects studied to answer this question were the aging society and population changes. the nature of the elderly, aging preparation, care of the elderly, and welfare services for the elderly. These five subjects were grouped under the main categories of The Aging Society. Understanding the Elderly, and aging Preparation. The ultimate objective of the lessons was, through critical reasoning, to inquire into the causes of current problems the elderly face so that teenagers can understand aging societies and the elderly, and prepare for a Successful aging. Another objective was to seek reasonable alternatives for teenagers as they prepare for Successful and independent aging, and increase their problem-solving abilities in choosing the best course of action by considering the ripple effect of consequences of each of those alternatives. The practical problem-teaching lesson plans consisted of five classes on practical reasoning instruction. This study suggests that new high school curricula should include lessons on preparation for aging so that students can deal successfully with our aging society.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.163-194
• /
• 2013

This study aims at giving examples that can be applied in the real education field, and it develops theme-based integrative education program for Industrial Specialized high school students. It analyzed the models of many scholars about the development of education course, and devised developmental models and procedures of the theme-based integrative education program of engineering specialized high school from those. As a result, it used and reorganized ADDIE model which is the systematic education course development model and the theme-based integrative education development model of Frazee and Rudnitski(1995) as the basic structure, and came to devise theme-based integrative education program of engineering specialized high school while referring to creative engineering design education program development model by Lee Chang-hoon. This study that is theme-based integrative education program for engineering-specialized high school students and is the result of this study has the following characters. First, This theme-based integrative education program that is developed for engineering-specialized high school students can be applied and the initial example that approach the Theme-Based. Second, This Education Program included the Activity project that is "Making Maglev" for the third grade at the engineering-specialized high school and One of the Program's aim is to bring up their attitude that engaged to in the class having the Interest. Third, Theme-based integrative education program for engineering-specialized high school is composed the workbook for the students and the teaching guidance plan for the teachers. Workbook for the students is composed four Units;"Brief about the Maglev","Basic principles about the Maglev","Intensive principles about the Maglev", Activity project about the Maglev". And each unit is made by Learning Purpose, Introducing, Learning Contents(Deepen Learning, Reading Magazines), Assesment etc. Teaching guidance plan for the teachers include that Summary, Purpose, Time Planing & Streaming Map for the class, contents associated Maglev, prerequisite learning, constructure of the education program, flow chart, learning activity, assesment(self-appraiser and peer review).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2004

Objectives: Delirium after head trauma results in various cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. This study aimed at developing and validating a predicitive model for clinical improvement after delirium based on precipitating factors during hospitalization Method: Data were collected on 45 patients who developed delirium after head trauma using 5 year retrospective design, based on reviews of medical charts including psychiatric consultation reports. The differences of the group who sustained residual symptoms of delirium(The RS group) and the group of full recovery(The FR group) at 4 week follow-up visits were compared by motoric type of delirium, socio-demographic variables, neuroimaging variables and clinical variables of interest. Result: There was significant difference in reason for initial consultation between two groups, in terms of hyperactivity(p<.01). The presence of compensation claim, subcortical gray matter lesion was significantly associated with the RS group(p<.05). Total length of intensive care unit(ICU) admission and of hospital stay were significantly longer in RS group than FR group(p<.01). Conclusion: This study shows that hyperactivity on initial consultation, compensation claims, specific brain lesion were altogether significant factors in explaining prolonged duration of delirium after head trauma. A simple predictive model based on the presence of precipitating factors might be used to identify delirious patients at high risk for prolonged cognitive dysfunction. Early psychiatric intervention would be required for evaluating efficacious management and shortening admission period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of maturity at harvest and inoculants on the quality of round baled rye(Secale cereale L.) silage at the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon in 1998. The experiment was consist of split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plots were 3 harvesting stages such as boot(20 April), heading(29 April), and flowering stages(14 May). The subplots wered inoculant treatments : control (untreated), inoculant A, and inoculant B. Acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of rye silage were significantly increased with delayed harvesting date, but there was not significant difference between inoculants. Mean silage pH at flowering stage was the lowest(4.35), but the highest at early harvest(4.91). Inoculants significantly reduced acidity of silage compared with control. Dry matter(DM) content of the control was higher than that of inoculants. Ammonia-N as proportion of total N was below 10% which was maximum level of high quality silage. The addition of inoculants reduced ammonia-N. There were significant difference in organic acid contents between harvesting stages and inoculants. Lactic acid was increased with inoculants, but acetic and butyric acids were decreased. Various treatments increased colony forming unit(CFU) of lactic acid bacteria by 2 or 3 times compared with the control and the highest at flowering stage with inoculant B treatment. Results of this study indicate that use of microbial inoculant and harvesting after heading stage will improve the silage fermentation and quality of round baled rye silage.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.255-277
• /
• 2011

Product Service System(PSS), which is an integrated combination of product and service, provides new value to customer and makes companies sustainable as well. The objective of this paper draws Critical Successful Factors(CSF) of PSS through multiple case study. First, we review various concepts and types in PSS and Platform business literature currently available on this topic. Second, after investigating various cases with the characteristics of PSS and platform business, we select four cases of 'iPod of Apple', 'Kindle of Amazon', 'Zune of Microsoft', and 'e-book reader of Sony'. Then, the four cases are categorized as successful and failed cases according to criteria of case selection and PSS classification. We consider two methodologies for the case selection, i.e., 'Strategies for the Selection of Samples and Cases' proposed by Bent(2006) and the seven case selection procedures proposed by Jason and John(2008). For case selection, 'Stratified sample and Paradigmatic cases' is adopted as one of several options for sampling. Then, we use the seven case selection procedures such as 'typical', 'diverse', 'extreme', 'deviant', 'influential', 'most-similar', and 'mostdifferent' and among them only three procedures of 'diverse', 'most?similar', and 'most-different' are applied for the case selection. For PSS classification, the eight PSS types, suggested by Tukker(2004), of 'product related', 'advice and consulancy', 'product lease', 'product renting/sharing', 'product pooling', 'activity management', 'pay per service unit', 'functional result' are utilized. We categorize the four selected cases as a product oriented group because the cases not only sell a product, but also offer service needed during the use phase of the product. Then, we analyze the four cases by using cross-case pattern that Eisenhardt(1991) suggested. Eisenhardt(1991) argued that three processes are required for avoiding reaching premature or even false conclusion. The fist step includes selecting categories of dimensions and finding within-group similarities coupled with intergroup difference. In the second process, pairs of cases are selected and listed. The second step forces researchers to find the subtle similarities and differences between cases. The third process is to divide the data by data source. The result of cross-case pattern indicates that the similarities of iPod and Kindle as successful cases are convenient user interface, successful plarform strategy, and rich contents. The differences between the successful cases are that, wheares iPod has been recognized as the culture code, Kindle has implemented a low price as its main strategy. Meanwhile, the similarities of Zune and PRS series as failed cases are lack of sufficient applications and contents. The differences between the failed cases are that, wheares Zune adopted an undifferentiated strategy, PRS series conducted high-price strategy. From the analysis of the cases, we generate three hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumes that a successful PSS system requires convenient user interface. The second hypothesis assumes that a successful PSS system requires a reciprocal(win/win) business model. The third hypothesis assumes that a successful PSS system requires sufficient quantities of applications and contents. To verify the hypotheses, we uses the cross-matching (or pattern matching) methodology. The methodology matches three key words (user interface, reciprocal business model, contents) of the hypotheses to the previous papers related to PSS, digital contents, and Information System (IS). Finally, this paper suggests the three implications from analyzed results. A successful PSS system needs to provide differentiated value for customers such as convenient user interface, e.g., the simple design of iTunes (iPod) and the provision of connection to Kindle Store without any charge. A successful PSS system also requires a mutually benefitable business model as Apple and Amazon implement a policy that provides a reasonable proft sharing for third party. A successful PSS system requires sufficient quantities of applications and contents.