• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with the erection and ultimate load test of dome shaped space structures by post-tensioning. It is a fast and economical method for constructing such a dome by post-tensioning of the cable in bottom chords. This structure consists of uniform pyramids in a flat layouts on the ground, and then the structure is shaped and erected into its final curved space structure. Ultimate load test was performed for dome shaped space structures. The feasibility of the proposed erection method and the reliability of the established geometric model were confirmed with numerical analysis and experimental investigation on a small scale steel model. As a results we can find the most reasonable modeling technique for the prediction of shape formation in practices and we can know the characteristic of the behaviour in ultimate load test for practical design purposes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.741-759
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• 2020

Steel plate-concrete composite slabs provide attractive features, such as more effective loading transfer, and more cost-effective stay-in-place forms, thereby enabling engineers to design more high-performance light structures. Although significant studies in the literatures have been directed toward designing and implementing the steel plate-concrete composite beams, there are limited data available for understanding of the composite slabs. To fill this gap, nine the composite slabs with different variables in this study were tested to unveil the impacts of the critical factors on the ultimate strength behavior. The key information of the findings included sample failure modes, crack pattern, and ultimate strength behavior of the composite slabs under either four-point or three-point loading. Test results showed that the failure modes varied from delamination to shear failures under different design factors. Particularly, the shear stud spacing and thicknesses of the concrete slabs significantly affected their ultimate load-carrying capacities. Moreover, an analytical model of the composite slabs was derived for determining their ultimate load-carrying capacity and was well verified by the experimental data. Further extensive parametric study using the proposed analytical methods was conducted for a more comprehensive investigation of those critical factors in their performance. These findings are expected to help engineers to better understand the structural behavior of the steel plate-concrete composite slabs and to ensure reliability of design and performance throughout their service life.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2002

본 논문은 KTX-1 기본훈련기 방향타 조종계통의 정적 하중 시험을 요약한 것이다. 방향타 콘트롤 시스템 정적 하중시험은 정하중 구조 시험용 KTX-1 #004호기에 장착 상태에서 실시하였으며 사용되는 모든 부품은 실제와 동일한 것으로 장착하고 정적하중 시험을 실시하였다. 시험하중 조건은 설계 제한하중(Design Limit Load)과 설계 극한하중(Design Ultimate Load)까지 시험을 수행하며, 전방석과 후방석 패달에 동시하중을 작용하는 경우 중복하중계수(Dual Factor)까지 고려하였다. 이 시험의 요구하중은 MIL-A-8855(USAF)의 요구조건에 따라 수행하였으며, 방향타 콘트롤 시스템 시험 결과는 미 군사규격 요구조건을 만족하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.441-457
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• 2009

본 연구는 국내 외의 사질지반에 시공된 타입말뚝에 대해 파괴가 현저하게 나타날 때까지 재하한 정재하시험 실측값을 이용하여 극한하중 항복하중 침하량기준의 각각 판정법으로 극한하중을 추정하였다. 추정된 극한하중을 실측된 파괴하중으로 정규화하고 말뚝특성에 따라 판정법별 비교 분석 하였다. 또한 극한하중 추정시 적합한 판정법을 검토하고 허용하중 결정시 안전율을 재평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 극한하중 판정법으로 구한 극한하중은 Chin 방법에 의해 해석된 값이 실측값 보다 과대평가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 B. Hansen 80%기준과 Stability Plot 방법이 실측치와 거의 일치하여 가장 신뢰성이 있는 방법으로 판단되었다. 허용하중 산정시 극한하중 판정법에 의해 구한 파괴하중에 적용해야 할 안전율을 구조물기초설계기준에 적용된 안전율을 기준으로 환산하면 B. Hansen 90% 방법을 제외하고 3.0보다 큰 값이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단되었으며 항복하중 판정법들의 경우 기준안전율 2.0보다 큰 값이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 침하량 기준에 의해 구한 하중에 적용해야 할 안전율을 극한하중에 대한 안전율 3.0을 기준으로 환산해 보면, 전침하량 기준 및 순침하량 기준은 3.0보다 작은 값이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2019

In this paper, a methodology is presented for determining the optimal lamination of composite cylindrical structures subject to hydrostatic pressure. The strength criterion in association with the process of optimal design is the buckling collapse of composite cylinders under hydrostatic pressure loads. An empirical formula expressed in the form of the Merchant-Rankine equation is used to calculate the ultimate strength of filament-wound composite cylinders where genetic algorithm is applied for determining the optimized stacking sequences. It is shown that the optimized lamination provides improved collapse pressure loads. It is concluded that the developed method would be useful for the optimal lamination design of composite cylindrical structures.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

For the recycling of the resources and the preservation of the environment, this study's purpose is to measure flexural behavior of the reinforced concrete beams with the major variables like concrete strength, replacement ratio of the recycled aggregate and the waste foundry sand and the tension reinforcement ratio and to present the data of the recycled aggregate used for the structure design. The experiment on the flexural behavior resulted in the followings. The ultimate strength of recycled R/C beam was manipulated proportionate to the tension reinforcement ratio, however the strength instantly decreased after passing the ultimate load due to the destroyed concrete of the compression side. The deflection at the maximum load varied from the tension reinforcement ratio by 5.5 times. The test specimen with the tension reinforcement ratio less than $0.5{\rho}b$ showed constant curve without change in the load from the yield to the ultimate load in contrast to the distinctive plastic region where the displacement was rising. Although the strain of main tension steel with the reinforcement ratio indicate different, the design of recycled concrete member can be applied for current design code for reinforced concrete structure as the ratio of tension reinforcement district the under the reinforcement ration in a balanced strain condition.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권2A호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 전편논문에서 제안한 부정정 스트럿-타이 모델 및 하중분배율 결정식을 ACI 318-05 스트럿-타이 모델 설계기준에 적용하여 파괴실험이 수행된 229개 단순지지 철근콘크리트 깊은 보의 극한강도를 평가하였다. 또한 229개 깊은 보의 극한강도를 실험식, 실험 전단강도모델에 기초한 설계기준, 이론 전단강도모델에 기초한 설계기준, 그리고 현 스트럿-타이 모델 설계기준 등으로 평가하고, 그 결과를 본 연구의 방법에 의한 결과와 비교분석하여 본 연구에서 제안한 방법의 적합성을 검증하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the effect of shear-key placement on the performance of grouted connections in offshore wind-turbine structures. Considering the challenges of height control during installation, we designed and analyzed three grouted connection configurations. We compared the crack patterns and strain distribution in the shear keys under axial loading. The results indicate that the misalignment of shear keys significantly influences the ultimate load capacity of grouted connections. Notably, when the shear keys were positioned facing each other, the ultimate load decreased by approximately 15%, accompanied by the propagation of irregular cracks in the upper shear keys. Furthermore, the model with 50% misalignment in the shear-key placement exhibited the highest ultimate strength, indicating a more efficient load resistance than the reference model. This indicates that tensile-load-induced cracking and the formation of compressive struts in opposite directions significantly affect the structural integrity of grouted connections. These results demonstrate the importance of considering buckling effects in the design of grouted connections, particularly given the thin and slender nature of the inner sleeves. This study provides valuable insights into the design and analysis of offshore wind-turbine structures, highlighting the need for refined design formulas that account for shifts in shear-key placement and their structural implications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2002

Because of the increasing span of arch bridges, ultimate capacity analysis recently becomes more focused both on design and construction. This paper investigates the static and ultimate behavior of a long-span steel arch bridge up to failure and evaluates the overall safety of the bridge. The example bridge is a long-span steel arch bridge with a 550 m-long central span under construction in Shanghai, China. This will be the longest central span of any arch bridge in the world. Ultimate behavior of the example bridge is investigated using three methods. Comparisons of the accuracy and reliability of the three methods are given. The effects of material nonlinearity of individual bridge element and distribution pattern of live load and initial lateral deflection of main arch ribs as well as yield stresses of material and changes of temperature on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the bridge have been studied. The results show that the distribution pattern of live load and yield stresses of material have important effects on bridge behavior. The critical load analyses based on the linear buckling method and geometrically nonlinear buckling method considerably overestimate the load-carrying capacity of the bridge. The ultimate load-carrying capacity analysis and overall safety evaluation of a long-span steel arch bridge should be based on the geometrically and materially nonlinear buckling method. Finally, the in-plane failure mechanism of long-span steel arch bridges is explained by tracing the spread of plastic zones.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.477-499
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• 2007

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the ultimate behavior of steel cable-stayed bridges with design variables and compare the validity and applicability of computational methods for evaluating ultimate load capacity of cable-stayed bridges. The methods considered in this paper are elastic buckling analysis, inelastic buckling analysis and nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis. Elastic buckling analysis uses a numerical eigenvalue calculation without considering geometric nonlinearities of cable-stayed bridges and the inelastic material behavior of main components. Inelastic buckling analysis uses an iterative eigenvalue calculation to consider inelastic material behavior, but cannot consider geometric nonlinearities of cable-stayed bridges. The tangent modulus concept with the column strength curve prescribed in AASHTO LRFD is used to consider inelastic buckling behavior. Detailed procedures of inelastic buckling analysis are presented and corresponding computer codes were developed. In contrast, nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis uses an incremental-iterative method and can consider both geometric nonlinearities and inelastic material behavior of a cable-stayed bridge. Proprietary software ABAQUS are used and user-subroutines are newly written to update equivalent modulus of cables to consider geometric nonlinearity due to cable sags at each increment step. Ultimate load capacities with the three analyses are evaluated for numerical models of cable-stayed bridges that have center spans of 600 m, 900 m and 1200 m with different girder depths and live load cases. The results show that inelastic buckling analysis is an effective approximation method, as a simple and fast alternative, to obtain ultimate load capacity of long span cable-stayed bridges, whereas elastic buckling analysis greatly overestimates the overall stability of cable-stayed bridges.