• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

Owing to the mass-housing policies of high-density and high-rise, the residential environments in Korea have come to be uniform and monotonous. Nevertheless, the design competitions introduced for the first time in 1980s have Played significant roles in developing the fresh ideas and concepts in housing design. And in our country, the land of the gradient $0-9^{\circ}$ that is able to plan as level sites come up to 32.5% of the total land and the land of the gradient $10-29^{\circ}$that should be designed by considering the characteristics of the sloping sites is 53.2% of the whole. For that reason, the development of the apartment housing in the sloping site has been done largely to solve the issues associated with the scarcity of the land. Therefore, it is very meaningful job to see the various design methods on the basis of the characteristics of the sites, particularly gradient, by analyzing the prizewinners in the design competitions. In this context, the research analyzed the works that won the design competition after 1990, and organized the types of the block plans and the design characteristics applied in our residence housing. Secondarily, it classified that types by the gradient and analyzed statistically and compared the numerical value.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.181-201
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• 2011

최근 도서관을 둘러싼 사회의 다변화는 도서관의 서비스에도 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 모든 이용자에 대한 보편적 서비스를 제공해야 하는 공공도서관이 변화하는 사회 환경 속에서도 그 본질에 부합하는 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 관련 제도 및 사례 분석을 통해 유니버설디자인 측면에서의 공공도서관 서비스의 방향성을 제시하였다. 공공도서관 서비스에서의 유니버설디자인 적용을 위하여 공공도서관 서비스의 보편성 추구를 위한 핵심 키워드 "유니버설디자인", 유니버설디자인을 통한 공공도서관 서비스의 경제적 가치 추구, 공공도서관 서비스 인식 개선을 위한 유니버설디자인, 유니버설디자인 적용을 통한 공공도서관 서비스 관련 정책 및 제도 전환의 4가지 방향성을 제언하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Purpose - As economic activities between different countries have rapidly spread in a world of free trade, it is inevitable that a large volume of cargo will be carried between countries. It is natural, then, that CO2 emissions and other environmental pollutions have followed, which exposes people and society to serious environmental problems and social costs, and so on. Therefore, the need to understand logistics is not only a matter of transportation but also an environmentally oriented matter. The purpose of this study is to look at some lessons and implications from the European case in terms of green logistics matters. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to look into this matter, first, it has to be established that some cargo transport volumes using different transportation modes have clearly declined because of previous economic recessions. Some transport policies produced by the European Union (EU) are based in a long history of struggling to cope with transport matters in European countries. In its recent transport policies, the EU has provided greener transportation alternatives, realizing that pollution matters affect the European transport market. This study tries to determine what policies the EU has implemented to deal with green logistics matters. This study concentrates in particular on the Marco Polo program in the EU. Results - This study found that the EU seems to consider these kinds of matters, that is, transport and the environment in the context of green logistics. The EU launched some policy instruments to solve this matter relatively earlier than other countries and reviewed them as necessary. In order to make these policy tools work, the EU provided PACT for combined transport, and then the Marco Polo I and II European transport white paper packages. These European policies deal with green logistics matters in two ways. First, some restrictions have been imposed, especially taxation, and so on. Transport subsidies are also powerful means of handling green logistics matters in Europe. Along with these two means of dealing with transport and the environment, the EU eventually targeted integration of different transport modes. Instead of employing only a single transport instrument mode to deliver the cargo to be carried, such as trucking, rail, ocean-going carrier, flight, or inland waterway transport, the EU has proposed that combining transport modes is the best alternative for transport and the environment. That is, the EU is pursuing the adoption of multimodalism as an answer to the green logistics challenge as it provides a more cost efficient and more productive means of transport. Conclusions - In conclusion, multimodal transport should be considered when applying green logistics, as it can provide an alternative way to achieve transport and environmental solutions together at the present time. Two methods can be used to encourage multimodal transport: restrictions and subsidies. These are the lessons and implications from European green logistics policies.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether the cash policies of retail firms listed on Korean stock markets are consistent with the evidence provided in the study of Almeida et al. (2004). Liquidity management is an important issue for financially constrained firms relative to financially unconstrained firms. Because there are few sources of external funding, the optimal liquidity policies of financially constrained firms should reflect their own earnings or cash inflows to create opportunities for current and future real investments. According to this simple idea, we estimate the sensitivity of cash to cash flows and simply check whether the estimated sensitivity to cash flows of the cash retained by constrained retail firms is greater than that of the cash retained by unconstrained retail firms. Through this work, we aim to explain why the cash policies of the retail firms listed on the Korean stock markets differ from those of listed manufacturing enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - To explain a firm's cash holdings, we use only three explanatory variables: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), Tobin's q, and size. All the variables are defined as the value of the numerator divided by aggregate assets. Thanks to this definition, it is possible to treat all the sample firms as a single large firm. The sample financial data for this study are collected from the retail enterprises listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 1991 to 2013. We can obtain these data from WISEfn, the financial information company. This study's methodology has its origin in Keynes's simple idea of precautionary liquidity demand: When a firm faces financial constraints, cash savings from earnings or cash inflows become important from the corporate finance perspective. Following this simple idea, Almeida et al. (2004) developed their theoretical model and found empirical evidence that the sensitivity of cash to cash flows varies systematically according to different types of financing frictions. To find more empirical evidence for this idea, we examined the cash flow sensitivity of the cash held by Korean retail firms. Results - Through several robustness tests, we empirically showed that financially constrained Korean retail firms display significant positive propensity to save cash from earnings before interest and taxes, while the estimated cash flow sensitivity of the cash held by unconstrained retail firms is not significant. Despite the relatively low earnings of retail firms, their sensitivity is three times greater than that of manufacturing enterprises. This implies that Korean retail firms have greater intentions of facilitating future investments rather than current investments. Conclusions - The characteristics of the cash policies of Korean retail firms differ from those of manufacturing firms. This contrast may be attributable to industry-oriented policy planning, regulations, and institutional differences. However, the industrial policymakers should observe signals of the long-term growth options of retail firms based on their high propensity to save from their cash inflows.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2020

기술혁신 환경의 불확실성 증가와 기술경쟁 확대는 산업기술 보안 측면에서도 새로운 도전 과제를 제시하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산업기술 혁신 활동을 수행하고 있는 중소기업들을 대상으로 정부의 산업기술 보안 지원정책에 대한 중요도와 실행도에 대한 인식도(IPA)를 살펴봄으로써 향후 관련 정책 개선에 필요한 정책 변화 방향성을 확인을 목적으로 진행되었다. 분석결과, 첫째, 정부의 산업기술 보안 지원정책에 대해 응답한 중소기업들은 해당 프로그램의 중요도에 비해 수행도가 낮다고 인식하고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 해당 프로그램의 질적 수준 개선 노력과 더불어 관련 정책 프로그램들에 대한 선별적인 예산 확대가 필요할 수 있음을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 신기술 인증 기업과 산업기술 확인(인증)기업간의 집단별 인식 차이를 분석한 결과 해당 프로그램에 대한 집단간 유의미한 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 관련 정책의 보다 효과적인 운영을 위해서는 기업의 양적 특성 못지않게 기업별 산업기술 보안 수준 및 의지 등을 고려한 정책 집행이 필요할 수 있음을 시사하는 결과라 판단된다. 본 연구는 국내 중소기업들이 정부 산업기술 보안정책에 대해 인식하고 있는 실증연구 결과를 제시함으로써, 보다 구체적이고 실효성 있는 산업기술 보안정책의 설계와 집행이 이루어 질 수 있도록 필요한 정책 방향 설정 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 의의가 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Domestic cooperatives tend to increase during the establishment of cooperatives and gradually through the basic law of social needs. However, only cooperatives' qualitative grow this secured without blessings, and their quantitative growth through government support is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the agricultural cooperatives established through the Distribution System Cooperatives Basic Law, which was enacted in January 2012. Subsequently, establishing agricultural cooperatives was done briskly. However, cooperatives established rapidly after the founding of the Basic Law encountered problems. Research design, data, and methodology - To assess the performance of selected agricultural cooperatives, data were analyzed using the methodological Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The AHP is a set of systematic procedures to hierarchically analyze the elements of any problem. Using a survey on expertise, a series of comparative determinations of each pair is performed to evaluate the relative strengths and the strengths of the impact between elements within the hierarchy. A survey was conducted on 10 small agricultural cooperatives using AHP analysis for the examination. The purpose of such research and analysis is to recommend a direction for future policies aimed at small agricultural cooperatives. Result - This study applied three types of policy evaluation criterion, including market expansions, organizations, and cooperative projects, and 12 types of small agricultural cooperative policy measures. Market expansion policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four categories: school meals, direct transactions, shopping malls, and wholesale markets. Organizational policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four types: existing sales channel management, education, preventing free riding, and enlarging members. Cooperative project policies in agricultural cooperatives are classified into four policy areas: cooperation between cooperatives, community contribution, joint businesses, and government links. In this paper, the growth priority in agricultural cooperative policies is analyzed by applying policy evaluation criteria on the basis of a survey on expertise. The priorities of the policy program are also analyzed using a decision analytic hierarchy process. The results indicate that market expansion is the most important policy evaluation criterion therefore, improving direct transactions, school meals, management of existing sales channels, and shopping malls are crucial policy measures. In contrast, the cooperation of cooperatives, expansion of union members, and cooperation with the government were found to have low priority. Conclusions - Agricultural cooperatives should develop plans as follows. Small agricultural cooperatives need to secure school meals and direct transactions for market expansion, restructure marketing strategies to manage existing sales channels, and, finally, increase education and training for sustainable organizational development. This study has the following limitations. Because the subject of the investigation is a new cooperative, determining its sustainable growth is difficult. Therefore, through analysis and a continuous study of cooperatives, future research is expected to show that modifying the direction of agriculture cooperatives is necessary.

• 도시과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Even if Korea has established various legal guidelines as well as plans for the purpose of systematic management of urban citycapes, various problems have been pointed out, such as a decrease in operational efficiency because the legal framework is not clearly defined and the guidelines do not fully reflect regional characteristics. In the midst of this, Singapore is being mentioned as a representative example of enhancing international competitiveness by forming an outstanding urban cityscape through successful urban planning and operating system. Therefore, this study aims to suggest a direction for the improvement of Korea's urban planning and design guidelines by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of Singapore's urban planning system and design guidelines. As a result of the research and analysis, it was concluded that Singapore's urban planning system was based on the unified planning and management system. In particular, the Singapore Urban Design Guidelines provide differentiated guidelines to maintain and strengthen regional characteristics based on linkage with higher-level plans as detailed practical guidelines, and were operated as flexible guidelines reflecting the changes of the times and the needs of members of society. It also provides a direction for the improvement of the Korean urban design system, such as to increase the executionablity of the plan and the efficiency of operation by utilizing various guidance and support policies, rational and simplified deliberation procedures, and allow a platform that enhances the accessibility and convenience of related information.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.30-34
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• 2003

The coast area of our country has various tourist attraction factors of its own such as plenty of islands, uncontaminated waters and so on. Nevertheless, sea tourism and leisure facilities have not been developed enough since the national tourist/leisure policies have mainly been focused on the land tourism so far. Recently, the lake and sea areas are becoming more an more popular to people for spending their leisure times, and they, especially the young generations, are eagerly searching for some good ocean spots to enjoy the dynamics maritime sports. In this paper, we worked on the first design phase of environmentally and visually adaptive yacht, taking the cost effectiveness and the safety factors into account as well.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

In this paper, we study the joint design of sampling inspections and service capacities for multi-products. Products of different defect rates which are either deterministic or random variables are supplied in batches after sampling inspection and rework. When supplied, all defective products that have not been inspected in batches are uncovered through total inspection and returned to service. We identify the optimal inspection policies and service capacities for multi-products reflecting the relationships between inspection rework costs and service provision costs. We also develope a marginal allocation algorithm for the optimal allocation of the limited total service capacity to products as well as inspection quantities.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

In this paper, we study a joint design problem of sampling inspections and service capacities for multi-products. Products are supplied in batches after rectifying inspections, that is, rejected lots are 100% inspected and defective products are reworked to good ones. When supplied, all defective products are uncovered through total inspection and returned to service. By exploiting the first and second order properties of the objective function, we identify the optimal inspection policies and service capacities for individual products, and develop allocation algorithms to obtain an optimal allocation of the limited total service capacity to products with the small number of computations.