• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2011

An attempt is made to illuminate the characteristics of Korean high-rise apartment plans built after the 1990s in Seoul. Unlike the typical slab block plans of the past century, these plans were accommodated in a super-highrise building which normally integrates some portion of commercial areas on the lower floors. Thus, they are much different from the pre-1990s plans, so needs to have different strategy to adapt to the Korean dwellers' domestic requirements. This study reveals the topological patterns that appear in these new plans, and tries to relate these patterns to the old configuration patterns of the slab-type apartment houses. From the analysis, it was found that some important Korean dwellers' characteristics are still preserved, but at the same time, some unprecedented patterns were beginning to be absorbed into the spatial arrangement. At the end, suggestions are made on how this emerging trend of super-high rise can be better understood and evolved to enhance the living quality in a new multi-unit setting.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2017

The performance of refrigerant oil at the thrust bearing and at the journal bearing of a scroll compressor is a significant factor. This paper presents the friction and anti-wear characteristics of nano-fluid with a mixture of a refrigerant oil and nano powders. The particle size distribution and oxidation stability of nano powders prepared by the electrical explosion method were analyzed by TEM and BET. It was found that the nanoparticles showed a spherical morphology with sizes ranging of 40-60 nm and were covered with graphite layers of 2-4 nm. The thermal conductivity of POE oil was 0.1-0.5W/mk higher than that of POE oil. The coefficient of friction of Cu-POE was found to be 0.1 higher than that of Al2O3. The cooling capacity of the heat pump with nanofluid increased to 3.67%, and the performance was improved by 5.83%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.795-799
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• 2006

Peptides, although high efficacy and specificity in their physiological function, usually have low therapeutical activities due to their poor bioavailability when administrated orally. Nanoparticles have been regarded as a useful vector for targeted drug delivery system because they can protect drug from being degraded quickly and pass the gastrointestinal barriers. Here we described a novel oral N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles formulation containing thymopentin (Tp5-TMC-NP). N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was synthesized and then used to prepare Tp5-TMC-NP by ionotropic gelation. A three-factor, five-level CCD (Central Composite Design) design was used in the optimization procedure, with HPLC as the analyzing method. The resulting Tp5-TMC-NP had a regular spherical surface and a narrow particle size range with a mean diameter of 110.6 nm. The average entrapment efficiency was 78.8%. The lyophilized Tp5-TMC-NP formulation was stable in $4^{\circ}C\;or\;-20^{\circ}C$ after storage of 3 months without obvious changes in morphology, particle size, pH and entrapment ratio. The results of the flow cytometer determination showed that the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ of Wistar female rat given Tp5-TMC-NP (ig) was 2.59 time that of the group given Tp5 (ig).

• 물과 미래
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1995

하천 지형학의 중요한 요인이 되는 사행하천의 흐름은 토목기술자와 상당한 관련이 있다. 특정한 하천에 대해 하도개량을 적용시키기 위한 일반적인 기준을 서술하기는 곤란하나 토목설계자에게 어떤 원칙과 기준을 제공하는 것은 중요하다. 본 실험 연구의 목적은 토목 설계자를 위해 수리모형실험에 의한 사석에 대한 기준을 제시하는 것으로, 제방 안전에 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 사석무게 및 크기에 대해 수리모형실험에서 구한 사석을 배치하여 만곡호안을 보호할 수 있도록 하였다. 곡정 상류에 배치되는 사석의 무게는 U.S.B.R.과 Brahams 식으로 구한 결과값을, 크기는 Mavis와 Laushey의 식으로 구한 결과값을 사용할 수 있고, 곡정 하류에 배치되는 사석의 무게는 Brahms식으로 구한 결과값을, 크기는 Steinberg식으로 구한 결과값을 사용할 수 있다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2015

A vertical city with multifunctional land use turns out to be the most viable solution for an urban condition characterized by increasing density due to population expansion, topographical limitation of buildable land, economic development and the pursuit for collective sustainable living, such as in Hong Kong. This paper presents initial research results from a study on the chronological and typological evolution of tall buildings in the city, from the climate-responsive verandah typology to the mixed-use hyper-commercial podium and residential tower typologies that predominate today, to the ultimate formation of a vertical city. Case studies and surveys have focused on the development of this building typology throughout the decades since the 1920s, substantiating a discussion on the subjective and objective factors contributing to a genesis of the vertical city phenomenon in Hong Kong. The discussion will engage, under the notion of the vertical city, on how residents and visitors adapt to the growing density of the city, and how they accustom themselves to the changing urban morphology over time. Advantages such as high efficiency, spaces savings, time convenience, etc.; and disadvantages such as deficiency in livability, incompatibility of uses, environmental health deficiencies, etc.; serve as a reference for other cities in need of high-density planning due to population and economic growth.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

An analysis and design method for reducing aerodynamic noise in high-speed trains based on biomimetics of noiseless flight of owl is proposed. Five factors related to the morphology of the flight feather have been selected, and the candidate optimal shape of the flight feather is determined. The turbulent flow field analysis demonstrates that the optimal shape leads to diminished vortex formation by causing separation of the flow as well as allowing the fluid to climb up along the surface of the flight feather. To determine the effect of scaling of the owl's flight feather on the noise reduction, a two-fold and a four-fold scaled up model of the feather are constructed, and the numerical simulations are carried out to obtain the aerodynamic noise levels for each scale. Original model is found to reduce the noise level by 10 dBA, while two-fold increase in length dimensions reduces the noise by 12 dBA. Validation of numerical solution using wind tunnel experimental measurements is presented as well.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2014

Nowadays when the social and cultural paradigm is changing, the incomplete space is becoming a matter of controversy. In order to figure out the solutions to it, are being held a variety of spatial discourses for spatial essence and meaning to be cleared. Accordingly, this study has tried to seek for any probability to interpret the ontology shown at any traditional space on the ground of Heidegger's Ontological Thinking Structure which has a considerable impact on Modern Space, whose conclusions are the followings. First, Heidegger's ontological space theory, which provided a foundation of Placeness concept, includes not only the character of interdisciplinary learning among philosophy, arts and any related studies but also that of mutual oriental and occidental cultures. Second, between the thoughts of Heidegger and Lao-tzu are considerable similarities from the methodical viewpoint that materializes the meaning of existence as an essence. Third, for a convenient interpretation, the ontological spatial concept of Lao-tzu's philosophy shown at traditional spaces have been categorized into Typology-Incident, Morphology-situation and Topology-meaning generation with Schultz's Existential Spatial Concept based on Heidegger's Ontology as a medium. In particular, the meaning generation which materializes the placeness has the trait of being clarified as the product of interactions between incidents and situations.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1682-1686
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• 2004

A slit-flow apparatus with laser diffraction method has been developed with significant advances in ektacytometry design, operation and data analysis. In the slit-flow ektacytometry (or laser-diffractometry), the deformation of red blood cells subjected to continuously decreasing shear stress in slit flow is measured. A laser beam traverses a diluted blood suspension flowing through a slit and is diffracted by RBCs in the volume. The diffraction patterns are captured by a CCD-video camera, linked to a frame grabber integrated with a computer, while the differential pressure variation is measured by a pressure transducer. Both measurements of laser-diffraction image and pressure with respect to time enable to determine deformation index and the shear stress. The range of shear stress of 0 ${\sim}$ 35 Pa and measuring time is less than 2 min. When deforming under decreasing shear stress, RBCs change gradually from the prolate ellipsoid towards a circular biconcave morphology. The Deformation Index (DI) as a measure of RBC deformability is determined from an isointensity curve in the diffraction pattern using an ellipse-fitting program. The advantages of this design are simplicity, i.e., ease of operation and no moving parts, low cost, short operating time, and the disposable kit which is contacted with blood sample.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제9호
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• pp.67-76
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• 1996

One of the most important thing in studying the form of the interior architecture is to set up the methodology of the morphological of the morphological analysis. This article tries to introduce one of such attempts namely, that of Dr. Hisao Koyama, professor of Tokyo University , by applying it to one of F.L. Wright's works, the Robie residence . Professor Koyama has outlined a new methodology of morphologically analyzing the interior architectures, by shifting his focus of analysis from the external conditions of a form, such as functional personal and social traits and traits of the time, to the internal conditions of the form as itself. The outcome of the analysis clearly shows that the Robie Residence , classically known by its horizontality, does have a coexisting factor of verticality. This implies that such a method is useful in revealing the aesthetic compounds of the interior architectures, this time that of F.L. Wright , in a more concrete way. Such an outcome can hopefully be applied to the practices of designing the interior architectures.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1780-1787
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• 2014

Arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) monitoring for newborns requires special attention in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Newborns have very low photo-plethysmogram (PPG) amplitudes and their body movements are difficult to contain. Hardware design and its associated signal processing algorithms should be robust enough so that faulty measurements can be avoided. In this study, improved designs were implemented to deal with low perfusion, motion artifact, and the influence of ambient light. Dynamic range was increased by using different LED intensities and a feedback system. To minimize the effects of motion artifact and to discard other unqualified data, four additional algorithms were used, which were based on dual-trace detection, continuity of DC level, morphology of PPG, and simultaneity check of $SpO_2$. Our $SpO_2$ system was tested with newborns with normal respiration in the NICU. Our system provided fast, real-time responses and 100% artifact detection was accomplished under 84% of $SpO_2$.