• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.633-647
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• 2022

This paper presents the results from reliability analyses of the current Eurocode 4 (EN 1994-1-1) and AISC 360-16 design models for predicting the resistance of headed stud shear connectors within profiled steel sheeting, when the ribs are oriented transverse to the supporting beam. For comparison purposes, the performance of the alternative "Luxembourg" and "Stuttgart" model were also considered. From an initial database of 611 push-out tests, 269 cases were included in the study, which ensured that the results were valid over a wide range of geometrical and material properties. It was found that the current EN 1994-1-1 design rules deliver a corrected partial safety factor γ_M^* of around 2.0, which is significantly higher than the target value 1.25. Moreover, 179 tests fell within the domain of the concrete-related failure design equation. Notwithstanding this, the EN 1994-1-1 equations provide satisfactory results for re-entrant profiled sheeting. The AISC 360-16 design equation for steel failure covers 263 of the tests in the database and delivers 𝛾_M^*≈2.0. Conversely, whilst the alternative "Stuttgart" model provides an improvement over the current codes, only a corrected partial safety factor of 𝛾_M^*=1.47 is achieved. Finally, the alternative "Luxembourg" design model was found to deliver the required target value, with a corrected partial safety factor 𝛾_M^* between 1.21 and 1.28. Given the fact that the Luxembourg design model is the only model that achieved the target values required by EN 1990, it is recommended as a potential candidate for inclusion within the second generation of Eurocodes.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.488-493
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• 2005

Railload line design of the railroad construction project should be planed considering the variety of quantitative and qualitative factors, and needs to be selected the optimum altinative weighing from VE/LCC analysis of the planned design. The purpose of this research is for showing selecting plan of the optimum railload line and railway bridge applying VE/LCC analysis in selecting the optimum altinative of railroad construction based on quantitative and qualitative factors, such as initial construction cost, maintenance cost, owner and user's requirements. In this research showed the application plan by each stage using data analysis, function analysis, and alternative evaluation of VE/LCC analysis with AHP and LCC analysis program for the selection. This research is proved the rationality and application of the course of selecting the optimum alternative through case application

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.274-282
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• 2000

The simulation of water balance was conducted for suggested four alternative multi-layer cover design of near-surface radioactive waste disposal facility under domestic climate condition. The analysis was also conducted for the most favorable one out of four alternative cover design under conservative scenarios. Until 100 years after closure of disposal vault, the infiltration flux for the most favorable cover design was negligible even under doubling of the ambient precipitation condition. When the degradation of asphalt and geomembrane after 100 years of closure was considered, the infiltration flux significantly increased almost to the design criteria of cover system in I' Aube disposal facility. And it was found that the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite/sand as a bottom barrier should be no greater than 1$\times$10$^{-7}$ cm/sec recommended by U.S. EPA.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of an alternative input device on the patient's work performance and satisfaction in patients with cerebral palsy who cannot use computers. Design: Case Series Description. Methods: The participant was one adult cerebral palsy. The three tasks were applied with an alternative input device (Quick-Glance), 1 session an hour, 3 times a week, a total of 12 times for 4 weeks. The assessment was using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The evaluation was performed pre-test before the intervention, post-test after the last intervention, and follow-up after one month. Results: The COPM(Satisfaction and performance scores) showed 3 points for pre-test, 7 points for post-test, and 7 points for follow-up. Conclusion: Purposeful computer work activity, which is an alternative input device, has a positive effect on work performance and satisfaction of cerebral palsy patients who are difficult to use computer.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2015

Nigeria's non-government organization (NGO) libraries for the visually impaired has over the years been at the forefront of information services provision to persons with visual impairment. This study adopted a survey research design to investigate use of alternative formats and perceptions of information services to the visually impaired, focusing on two purposively chosen NGO libraries for the visually impaired in Nigeria. Using a complete enumeration approach, data were gathered from 180 users of the libraries through the use of a structured questionnaire with a reliability score (${\alpha}=0.74$). Data from 112 (62.2%) of the 180 administered copies of a questionnaire that were retrieved were analysed. The study found that Braille materials had a high level of utilization ($\bar{x}=4.46$) and were the most frequently utilized (90.9%). Perception of information services by the visually impaired was positive while use of alternative formats was significantly and positively related to users' perception of information services (r = .041; p < 0.05). The study recommends improved transcription and investment in alternative formats and in e-resources. It also recommends collaborations to widen access as well as constant evaluation of services.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-377
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• 2018

In this paper, an alternative reliability-based methodology is developed and implemented on the safety evaluation of structures subjected to seismic loading. To effectively elaborate the approach, structures are represented by finite elements and seismic loading is applied in time domain. The accuracy of the proposed reliability-based methodology is verified using Monte Carlo Simulation. It is confirmed that the presented approach provides adequate accuracy in calculating structural reliability. The efficiency and robustness in problems related to performance-based seismic design are verified. A structure designed by experts satisfying all post-Northridge seismic design requirements is studied. Rigidities related to beam-to-column connections are incorporated. The structure is excited by three suites of ground motions representing three performance levels: immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. Using this methodology, it is demonstrated that only hundreds of deterministic finite element analyses are required for extracting reliability information. Several advantages are documented with respect to Monte Carlo Simulation. To showcase an applicability extension of the proposed reliability-based methodology, structural risk is calculated using simulated ground motions generated via the broadband platform developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center. It is validated the accuracy of the broadband platform in terms of structural reliability. Based on the results documented in this paper, a very solid, sound, and precise reliability-based methodology is proved to be acceptable for safety evaluation of structures excited by seismic loading.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1985

This report is prepared to assist designers acid mine drainage treatment plants. Example of a treatment facility design is included, delineating general equipment specification and cost breakdowns. The purpose of this outline is to give the designer insight into tile evaluation of possible alternative and justification for choosing a certain method or process and also this report will allow designers to derive and estimated budget number for capital expenditures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2015

PURPOSE: People with physical disabilities such as cerebral palsy usually experience obstacles when interacting with computer through conventional keyboard because of their motor disabilities. The purpose of this study is empirically compare of text entry(alphabet and word) speed and accuracy using the three different keyboard type on four students(male 2 and female 2) with cerebral palsy. METHODS: This research design used a replicated single-case experimental approach to compare the individual performance. An alternating treatments design was used to examine the effectiveness of standard QWERTY keyboard and alternative keyboard(mini and big keyboard) on computer access for students with cerebral palsy. To avoid changes in posture that influence a keyboard character entry training and evaluation was carried out using his sitting in a wheelchair. Compass software program used in this study as an assessment tool to measure speed and accuracy when performance of text entry(alphabet and word). This was repeated until the stable status of reaction time. RESULTS: As a result, the alternative keyboard seems to be the most effective device for students with cerebral palsy to perform text entry. But various factors such as peculiarity of motor disabilities, experience and preferences of the user are heavily related. CONCLUSION: Thus, we must perform the objective and systematic assessment for computer access and if sustained training is accomplished, it could to improve speed and accuracy of text entry(alphabet and word).

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.611-635
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• 2003

This study deals with the "Dissemination Stage", the final step in the R&D process consisting of R&DDD($R&D^3$ : Research & Development, Demonstration, Dissemination). At the "Dissemination Stage", the newly configured technical design is compared with other alternatives to come up with the most desirable selection. The assessment conducted at this stage is not a simple procedure. It goes through the complex evaluation process in which various elements including economic effects and technical characteristics are considered. The reason for taking such a complex procedure is that the assessment, selection and application of the desirable technical alternative is critical for the company's competitive edge in every field of industrial sectors, thus influencing its survival and continuous growth. This study reviews the AHP method for assessing technical alternatives of the heat supply system design. And, to show the practical validity of the AHP method, it is applied to the evaluation of waste heat system alternatives in the field of energy supply system technology.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-141
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• 2022

In this paper, a numerical procedure is proposed for achieving the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete polygonal column cross-sections under compression and biaxial bending. A methodology is developed to integrate the metaheuristic algorithm Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) with an algorithm for the evaluation of the strength of reinforced concrete cross-sections under combined axial load and biaxial bending, according to the design criteria of Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 6118:2014. The objective function formulation takes into account the costs of concrete, reinforcement, and formwork. The cross-section dimensions, the number and diameter of rebar and the concrete strength are taken as discrete design variables. This methodology is applied to polygonal cross-sections, such as rectangular sections, rectangular hollow sections, and L-shaped cross-sections. To evaluate the efficiency of the methodology, the optimal solutions obtained were compared to results reported by other authors using conventional methods or alternative optimization techniques. An additional study investigates the effect on final costs for an alternative parametrization of rebar positioning on the cross-section. The proposed optimization method proved to be efficient in the search for optimal solutions, presenting consistent results that confirm the importance of using optimization techniques in the design of reinforced concrete structures.