• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2006

Experimental research was undertaken to develop a domestic spray nozzle used on equipment for desalination. First, we made a test set-up in order to confirm nozzle efficiency of spray and distribution under different pressure conditions. Then, we found a maximum spray condition after verifying reliability of this facility. An optimum arrangement of the nozzle, based on the test result, was made using CATIA V5 and EXCEL.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2016

Combining power generation and water production by desalination is economically advantageous. Most desalination projects use fossil fuels as an energy source, and thus contribute to increased levels of greenhouse gases. Environmental concerns have spurred researchers to find new sources of energy for desalination plants. The coupling of nuclear power production with desalination is one of the best options to achieve growth with lower environmental impact. In this paper, we will per-form a sensitivity study of coupling nuclear power to various combinations of desalination technology: {1} thermal (MSF [Multi-Stage Flashing], MED [Multi-Effect Distillation], and MED-TVC [Multi-Effect Distillation with Thermal Vapour Compression]); {2} membrane RO [Reverse Osmosis]; and {3} hybrid (MSF-RO [Multi-Stage Flashing & Reverse Osmosis] and MED-RO [Multi-Effect Distillation & Reverse Osmosis]). The Korean designed reactor plant, the APR1400 will be modeled as the energy production facility. The economical evaluation will then be executed using the computer program DEEP (Desalination Economic Evaluation Program) as developed by the IAEA. The program has capabilities to model several types of nuclear and fossil power plants, nuclear and fossil heat sources, and thermal distillation and membrane desalination technologies. The output of DEEP includes levelized water and power costs, breakdowns of cost components, energy consumption, and net saleable power for any selected option. In this study, we will examine the APR1400 coupled with a desalination power plant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) as a prototypical example. The KSA currently has approximately 20% of the installed worldwide capacity for seawater desalination. Utilities such as power and water are constructed and run by the government. Per state practice, economic evaluation for these utilities do not consider or apply interest or carrying cost. Therefore, in this paper the evaluation results will be based on two scenarios. The first one assumes the water utility is under direct government control and in this case the interest and discount rate will be set to zero. The second scenario will assume that the water utility is controlled by a private enterprise and in this case we will consider different values of interest and discount rates (4%, 8%, & 12%).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2023

The brine and seawater are important and largely untapped sources of critical trace metals and elements. The coupling of selective recovery of trace metals from seawater/brine with desalination plants gives an added advantage of energy credits to desalination plants and as well as reduce the cost of desalinated water. In this paper, status review on recovery of important trace metals and other alkali metals from seawater is presented. The potential of Indian desalination plants for recovery of trace metals, based on recovery ratio of 0.35 is also highlighted. Studies carried out by the process based on adsorption using Radiation Induced Grafted (RIG) polymeric adsorbents and then fractional elutions are presented. The fouling factors due to bio fouling and dirt fouling have been estimated for various locations of interest through field trails. The pay loader in the form of compact Contactor Assembly with minimum pressure drop, for loading specially designed radiation grafted sorbent in leaflet form has been briefed, as required for plant scale facility. The typical conceptual process design details of farm assembly of project CRUDE are described.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

To demonstrate the desalination system, the demo-plant was scheduled to be installed. The system was planned to use solar thermal collector as heat source and PV as electricity source. For the design of the desalination demonstration system, firstly the solar thermal system would be well designed from the result between the supplied heat into the fresh water generator and the fresh water yield. The generator for demonstration system was chosen as the fresh water generator of the single stage and effect with plate-type heat exchanger using low pressure evaporation method. The test facility for the tests to reveal the relationship between the fresh water yield and the supplied heat flow rate was designed and manufactured. The maximum fresh water yield of two fresh water generators applied in this study was designed as 1.5 Ton/day. The parameters relating with the performance of fresh water generator are known as sea water inlet temperature, hot water inlet temperature, and hot water flow rate. Through the experiments, this study firstly showed detail operation characteristics of the generator and designed the solar thermal system for the demonstration system.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 서해에 위치한 대산산업단지 해수담수화 시설에 필요한 전력비를 계산하고, 해수온도 및 염분도 변화에 따른 안전도를 고려한 전력비 기준을 산정하였다. 입력 자료(온도 및 염분도)는 국가해양환경정보통합시스템(MEIS, Marine Environment Information System) 22년 자료(1997~2018년)를 이용하고, 해수공정에서 사용되는 전력량은 RO막 제조사에서 제공되는 프로그램(Q-Plus v3.0)을 활용하였다. 금회연구에서는 해수담수화 시설물 설계시 합리적인 전력비 운영 가이드라인을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다. 해수담수화 역삼투압 공정은 약 2.10~2.90 kWh/m³의 전력비가 소요되며, 에너지 안전도 95 % 기준으로 2.80 kWh/m³의 전력비가 해수담수화 시설을 운영할 때 고려되어야 하는 것으로 검토되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권spc1호
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• pp.1023-1035
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• 2021

본 연구는 머신러닝 기반의 분석으로 해수담수화(Desalination) 시설의 전력비 예측모델의 가능성을 검토하였다. 해수담수화 주요 공정인 역삼투(Seawater Reverse Osmosis) 시설의 전력비 예측 모델을 개발하고, 전력비 산정에 영향을 미치는 인자를 분석하였으며, 해수 수질 중에서 선정된 수온 및 염분도 측정자료를 활용하여 검토하였다. 국립해양조사원(Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, KHOA)의 2003년부터 2014년까지의 자료를 이용하였으며, 모형의 구조는 시행오차법(Trial & Error)으로 하이퍼파라미터를 최적화하여 머신러닝 기반의 예측 모델을 구축하고, 장래 해수 수질을 예측하였다. 해수 수온은 기존 패턴과 유사할 것으로 예측되었고, 염분도는 과거 측정자료 범위 이내로 최대값이 점차 감소되는 경향을 보여 해수담수화의 전력비가 약 0.80% 감소하는 것으로 검토되었다. 본 연구는 머신러닝 기반의 예측 모델을 구축하여 장래 수질 변화 예측하였으며, 해수 수질 변동의 영향 및 대안을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.2053-2058
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• 2004

The pressurized light water cooled, medium power (330 MWt) SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) has been under development at KAERI for a dual purpose : seawater desalination and electricity generation. The SMART design verification phase was followed to conduct various separate effects tests and comprehensive integral effect tests. The high temperature / high pressure thermal-hydraulic test facility, VISTA(Experimental Verification by Integral Simulation of Transient and Accidents) has been constructed to simulate the SMART-P (the one fifth scaled pilot plant) by KAERI. Experimental tests have been performed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic dynamic characteristics of the primary and the secondary systems. Heat transfer characteristics and natural circulation performance of the PRHRS (Passive Residual Heat Removal System) of SMART-P were also investigated using the VISTA facility. The coolant flows steadily in the natural circulation loop which is composed of the steam generator (SG) primary side, the secondary system, and the PRHRS. The heat transfers through the PRHRS heat exchanger and ECT are sufficient enough to enable the natural circulation of the coolant.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2019

Desalination plants are generally studied with higher operating costs compared to water supply facilities. This study was conducted to reduce the cost of water production and to preserve existing water resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to utilize the control valves to increase maximum efficiency, thereby reducing the power of the pumps and operating costs. Specific energy consumption was shown to reduce the process operating power by up to 1.7 times from 6.17 to $3.55kWh/m^3$ based on seawater reverse osmosis 60 bar. In addition, the water intake process was divided into pre, inter, and post-according to the use method of blasting, and the water treatment process was divided into pre, inter, and post blending. In order to reduce power consumption, the blending process was combined to operate the facility, which resulted in the reduction of power consumption in the order post > pre-inter> inter blending.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2017

기후변화를 대비하여 국내 수자원 확보를 위한 해수담수화 플랜트의 필요성이 점차 높아지고 있어 향후 해수담수화 플랜트 건설시 경제적 판단의 근간이 될 수 있는 자료의 필요성도 또한 높아졌다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 해수담수화 플랜트 설치가 가능한 지역, 인천, 대산, 여수, 부산, 울산, 속초시를 대상으로 생산수 단가를 추정하여, 향후 플랜트 건설시 참고 자료로 활용이 가능하도록 제안하고자 하였다. 동해바다를 취수원으로 하는 속초와 울산시 생산수 단가는 부산과 여수시의 단가와 유사하였으나, 서해바다를 취수원으로 하는 인천과 대산에 비해 취수시설 건설비용 저감으로 인하여 비교적 경제적인 생산수 단가 범위를 나타내었다. 염도 조건은 비교적 유사하여 생산수 단가에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 사료되나, 계절별 수온 차에 의한 영향은 역삼투막의 생산수량 차이에 의해 높게 나타날 것으로 사료되었다. 가장 크게 생산수 단가에 영향을 미치는 요소는 생애주기 분석 시 적용되는 감가상각 연수와 플랜트 용량이었으며, 인천과 대산의 경우 감가상각 연수에 따라 최대 29%, 플랜트 용량에 따라 22%까지 차이가 발생하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 추정된 생산수 단가는 간접비 등을 고려하지 않은 것으로 국내에서 생산할 수 있는 최소한의 단가로 고려되었으며, 실질적인 공사 시에는 제시된 생산수 단가보다 증가될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.705-708
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• 2011

이젝터 시스템은 주유동 제트에 발생되는 전단 응력과 압력차에 의해 흡입 챔버 압력에 영향을 미치거나 이차 흡입 유동을 유도한다. 이젝터는 터빈 기반 복합사이클 추진기관 및 로켓엔진의 고고도 모사 설비, 압력회복장치, 담수화 시스템, 이젝터 램젯시스템과 같이 많은 분야에 적용되어 널리 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 고고도 환경 모사를 위한 멀티 이젝터의 형상 및 운전 조건을 결정하는 설계 절차를 수립하고자 하였다.