• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 1994

미국의 항공운송산업 규제완화법(Airline Deregulation Act of 1978)에 의한 미국의 항공운송산업 자유화 정책은 미국의 국내 항공운송 시장의 환경을 철저한 경쟁의 원리가 적용되는 자유경쟁 시장으로 변화시켰으며, 국제 항공운송 시장에도 자유경쟁의 원리가 점진적으로 도입되는 계기를 마련하였다. 항공운송산업 자유화 정책은 항공사의 운송 시장 환경뿐만 아니라 그들이 이용하는 공항의 경제 환경에도 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 자유화가 공항의 경제에 미친 영향을 연구하기 위하여, 자유화 이후 공항에서 시장 합리화 (Market Rationalization)의 원리가 적용 되었는 가를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 (1) 자유화 이후, 공항료(Airport Rates and Charges)와 공항에서의 활동량 (the Volume of Activity) 간에 유의한 상관 관계가 존재하는 가의 여부 (2) 자유화 이전과 이후를 비교할 때, 각 Hub Class별 공항료의 수준에 있어 유의한 변화가 있는 가의 여부에 대한 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 상관분석의 결과, 자유화 이후, 공항료와 공항에서의 활동량 간에 유의한 상관 관계가 존재한다는 결론을 채택하는 데 실패하였으며 또한 일원 분산 분석의 결과, 자유화 이전과 이후를 비교할 때, 각 Hub Class별 공항료의 수준에 있어 유의한 변화가 있다는 결론을 제시할 수 없었다. 미국의 항공운송산업 자유화 정책이 미국 공항 경제에 미친 영향에 대한 본 연구는 현재 경제규제완화를 실험하고 있는 우리의 경제 정책에 좋은 참고자료가 되기를 기대한다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.26
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• pp.115-141
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• 2005

This study explores how strategic alliance activities are evolving and the factors that impact on the formation and development of airline alliances. Findings show the initiation of regional and more liberalized bilateral, or open skies, agreements have removed some of the impediments to structural changes in international aviation. Airlines in more liberal markets enter into greater numbers and more integrative forms of alliances. Also, airlines, on average, achieve better results of operation if the market is more liberal. Essentially, there is a positive relationship between the developments of alliances and the liberalization of air transport markets. It has been questioned that the US bilateral open skies agreements provide its carriers more access to the global market and countries that do not enter into such agreements with the US risk a loss of traffic. Consequently, open skies agreements may enable carriers who have the freedom to exercise market power to be dominant in the markets. This suggests that regulatory coordination and liberalization of international aviation reinforce each other and should therefore be pursued simultaneously.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

Cancer is frequently considered to be a disease of the cell cycle. As such, it is not surprising that the deregulation of the cell cycle is one of the most frequent alterations during tumor development. Cell cycle progression is a highly-ordered and tightly-regulated process that involves multiple checkpoints that assess extracellular growth signals, cell size, and DNA integrity. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners are positive regulators of accelerators that induce cell cycle progression; whereas, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) that act as brakes to stop cell cycle progression in response to regulatory signals are important negative regulators. Cancer originates from the abnormal expression of activation of positive regulators and functional suppression of negative regulators. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of the deregulation of cell cycle progression in cancer can provide important insights into how normal cells become tumorigenic, as well as how cancer treatment strategies can be designed.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.148-167
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• 2012

This paper analyzes the impact of the change in telecommunication regulation changes including the unification of telecommunication service on network investment. The unification of telecommunication service plays a role of separating behavior regulation from entrance regulation and reducing entrance constraints. Therefore, it is expected that the market spillover effect is high through the improvement of behavior regulation. In addition, the effects of the other regulation changes in the 2010 Telecommunications Business Act revision are analyzed. This paper discusses critical factors affecting the decision making process in respect to the firm level and analyzes the impact path guiding investment and innovation. The key findings are as follows. First, the impact of entrance deregulation depends on the intensity of deregulation. If the intensity is not high, this regulation increases the incentive on investment and innovation. However, if the intensity is high as shown in abolishing of licensing, it affects the incentive negatively. Second, if interconnection regulation focuses on existing facilities or the intensity is not strong, this light handed regulation might increase investment and innovation. However, if interconnection obligation is expanded to the facility not constructed or the facility applying new technology, this regulation might deteriorate investment. Third, price deregulation increases the competition of service but it also increases the business opportunity, which means positive effect on investment. Finally, the paper proposes the guideline for telecommunications policy.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

As industrialization progresses, mass production becomes a smart production system. However, industrial accidents do not decline, and during the course of industrialization, due to the logic of economic agents that have an economical and effective employment environment, they are changed to non-regular workers. The Occupational Safety and Health Act stipulates that the safety managers must be distinguished and the safety managers perform the task of conducting industrial accidents by balancing the duties and regulations specified in the Act on Special Measures for Deregulation. Safety administrators providing advice on issues needed to prevent industrial accidents and preventive measures We would like to present the problems and improvements that may arise due to safety managers' replacement due to accidents caused by industrial accidents or accidents.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

The OECD defines regulatory reform as both better regulation and deregulation, and emphasizes that governments must continue to regulate in areas such as environmental quality and safety. In contrast, Korean regulatory reform in fire services in the 1990s shows quite a strange trend, having been carried out only to the direction of softening and abolishing regulations. In the UK, fire prevention legislation has been strengthened since the enactment of the Fire Precautions Act 1971, and the Building Regulations 1991, which apply to all new buildings including a private house, require that there should be at least one smoke alarm on each floor. This research shows that the tightening of fire prevention legislation in the UK has promoted fire safety, which is very instructive for Korean fire services. In order for Korean fire services to protect citizens'lives and property from fires, one of basic directions of regulatory reform, to improve the quality of regulations relating to safety, health and the environment, should be observed strictly. Moreover, the flexibility of the basic direction of regulatory reform should be ensured so that the regulations concerning safety could be even increased under the overall reform strategy of reducing all regulations.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-94
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• 2015

Since American Airlines launched AAdvantage which was the first Frequent Flyer Program in 1981, many people has accumulated mileage credits, and now, frequent flyer program(FFP) is the universal marketing tool to the airlines. These days, airlines establish a strategic alliance with domestic and foreign companies of various fields ; other airlines, travel agencies, car hire firms, hotels, department stores, even credit card companies. However, more people want to use their mileage credits, more airlines reject to approve that or change frequent flyer program against their customers. Last year, Northwest, Inc. v. Ginsberg, the United State Supreme Court made a decision that the preemption provision of Airlines Deregulation Act(ADA) preempts state laws related to rates, routes and services for air carriers including implied covenant of good faith and fare dealing. Thus, the claim of Ginsberg was canceled, it means that Northwest Inc. could terminated one-sidedly his membership in the frequent flyer program. In the contrast, Korea does not have the statute like ADA. If customers file a claim on FFP like Ginsberg, the courts of Korea judge whether the clauses of standard form contract are unfair or not. Therefore, in this article, Ginsberg would be checked on legal issues and be compared briefly with the courts' ruling in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.255-268
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• 2016

At present, Ganghwa County and Ongjin County of Incheon Metropolitan City are under the application of a different land use regulation like military regulations, etc. due to distinct characteristics of a border area; moreover, these two Counties have degenerated into the deepening area of economic backwardness and decline with the overlapping application of various land use regulations on the ground that these areas belong to a metropolitan area in view of an administrative district. In addition, different support is also implemented for border areas, such as 'the Special Act on Border Area Support' for the border areas, and development projects for special situation areas, etc.; however, realities are that the border areas are not free from regulations as yet due to the problems of unreality of support projects, and hierarchy of ordinances, etc. Accordingly, this study implemented this research under the judgment that it's about time to mitigate overlapping regulations on regional characteristics of the border areas of Incheon Metropolitan City, i.e. different land use regulation as a border area. It is required that general land use regulations should be mitigated through f lexible deregulation & management of the military regulation on the border areas of Incheon-si, mitigation of regulations under the Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act, and relaxation of the preservation area of cultural properties; particularly, it's necessary to minimize the damage to border areas of Incheon-si caused by overlapping regulations on the areas by exempting the areas from the range of a metropolitan area through acknowledgment of the difference between the distinct characteristics of the border areas and regional, cultural conditions of a metropolitan area.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.129-153
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• 2015

Mandatory shutdown policy of the juvenile protection act was enforced in December 2011 to prevent game addiction of the youth. However, the size of game market in Korea seems to be reduced significantly after implementation of the shutdown policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of current government regulations on Korean online game market. Based on empirical evidences and results from the related literature, we developed several causal loop diagrams(CLD) and system dynamics models. The CLD include sub-diagrams of innovation processes, user commitments, and operational costs. We conducted simulation analyses under various policy scenarios, adopting Normalized Unit Modelling By Elementary Relationship(NUMBER). Our results show that first, the impact of time regulation on the number of users is greater than the impact of content regulation. Second, the quality of domestic online game appears more elastic to regulations than the quality of foreign online game. The results of this study suggest that the deregulation in Korean online game market can narrow the gap in market outcomes between domestic and foreign online games. Some recommendations for future study are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.50-55
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• 2000

The United States has had the superiority in the global trading market, and focused on the deregulation, decentralization, and often competitiveness. Also, it has adhered to pluralistic and uncoordinated systems for its various standard related activities. But with the WTO TBT entering into force late in 1990s, international standards have become more important in the global telecommunication market. So it has been recognized that the progressive standard activity would lead to keep the superiority of the nation in global telecommunication market. Specially, as the EU has been most active in building an agreed-upon technical standards among Its members, the US has faced with a serious problem that it has lack of agreed-upon infrastructure for standards. Hence, to keep the leadership in international telecommunications market, now it has been focusing on the national approach to standardization activities through the governmental support. For the implementation of above purposes, it amended 2 Acts. One is the Telecommunication Act of 1996. The other is NTTAA(National Technology Transfer and Advancement Art) of 1996, which was enacted according to the 1995 report "Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade into the 21 Century" by )TRC(National Research Council). In this paper, we analyse the US legal system in telecommunication standardization field including above arts and their Implementing plans. And we suggest the need for the active system of government in our telecommunication standardization.