• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1045-1062
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• 2015

Concrete-filled circular t steel tubular joints (CFSTJs) in practice are frequently subjected to fluctuated loadings caused by wind, earthquake and so on. As fatigue crack is sensitive to such cyclic loadings, assessment on performance of CFSTJs with crack-like defect attracts more concerns because both high stress concentration at the brace/chord intersection and welding residual stresses along weld toe cause the materials in the region around the intersection to be more brittle. Once crack initiates and propagates along the weld toe, tri-axial stresses in high gradient around the crack front exist, which may bring brittle fracture failure. Additionally, the stiffness and the load carrying capacity of the CFSTJs with crack may decrease due to the weakened connection at the intersection. To study the behaviour of CFSTJs with initial crack, experimental tests have been carried out on three full-scale CFCST T-joints with same configuration. The three specimens include one uncracked joint and two corresponding cracked joints. Load-displacement and load-deformation curves, failure mode and crack propagation are obtained from the experiment measurement. According to the experimental results, it can be found that he load carrying capacity of the cracked joints is decreased by more than 10% compared with the uncracked joint. The effect of crack depth on the load carrying capacity of CFCST T-joints seems to be slight. The failure mode of the cracked CFCST T-joints represents as plastic yielding rather than brittle fracture through experimental observation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1549-1557
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• 2004

Fatigue life of welded joints is governed by the propagation of multiple collinear surface cracks distributed randomly along weld toe. These cracks propagate under the mechanisms of mutual interaction and coalescence of the adjacent two cracks. To estimate the fatigue life, its influences on the above two mechanisms should be taken into account, which appear through the stress intensity factors disturbed mutually. However, it is difficult to calculate the stress intensity factors of the multiple surface cracks located in vicinity of weld toe due to its geometrical complexity. They are calculated normally by using the Μk-factors, but such Mk-factors are very rare in literature. In this study, the Μ$textsc{k}$-factors were obtained from a parametric study on crack length and depth, for which a finite element method is used. A fatigue test for a cruciform welded Joint was conducted and the fatigue life of the tested specimen was estimated using the present method with the informations obtained from the test, such as the number, size, and locations of the cracks. The estimated and measured fatigue life showed a good agreement.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 1993

Ground-water temperature is one of the parameters for observing diarges in the state of the ground-water regime in time and space, which relate to conditions for recharge as well as the influence of various natural and man-induced fadors on the regime. Because ground-water satura tes much of the rock materiats in the upper layer of the earth's csust the water temperature reflects in part the temperature of the water-bearing rocks. The mobffity and thennal capadty of groud-waters, however, serves to redistribute some of the heat within the stratosphere and to influence the developement of the geothermal regime within this sphere. The utilization of temperature data of the study area(25 points) in the solution of hydrogeologic problems requires an understanding of some of the fundamental aspects of subsurtice temperatures. These include the depth of penetration of heat waves generated of the surtace, the rate of propagation of the waves, and the geothermal gradient in the study area of Taegu.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 1988

This paper dealt with experimentally the effect of $N_2$ and $H_2$ gas mixtures ratio in the fatigue characteristics of SM45C on Ion-nitrided. The specimen were treated water cooling after Ion-nitriding at $500^{\circ}C$ and 5 torr. in 80% $N_2$and 50% $N_2$gas mixtures ratio in the atmosphere for 3 hrs. The hardness distribution and the depth of nitriding layer shows more increase in 80% $N_2$gas mixture ratio than 50% $N_2$. Ion-nitrided specim- en for 80% $N_2$gas mixture ratio show more increase infatigue strenght in the $>1.5{\times}10^5$ cycles region than 50% $N_2$. In the $<1.5{\times}10^5$cycles region, fatigue failure is due to cracking of the brittle nitrided case, and the propergation of the surface cracks into the core. But in the $>1.5{\times}10^5$cycles region, it is found that cracks propagate from the non-metallic inclusions in the subsurface.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

This computational study features the transient compressible and inviscid flow analysis on a metallic plasma discharge from the opposing composite electrodes which is subjected to pulsed electric power. The computations have been performed using the flux corrected transport algorithm on the axisymmetric two-dimensional domain of electrode gap and outer space along with the calculation of plasma compositions and thermophysical properties such as plasma electrical conductivity. The mass ablation from aluminum electrode surfaces are modeled with radiative flux from plasma column experiencing intense Joule heating. The computational results shows the highly ionized and highly under-expanded supersonic plasma discharge with strong shock structure of Mach disk and blast wave propagation, which is very similar to muzzle blast or axial plasma jet flows. Also, the geometrical effects of composite electrodes are investigated to compare the amount of mass ablation and penetration depth of plasma discharge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.36-41
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• 1986

Uederwater ambient noise was measured at the set net in the Neung-Po Eay. The environment characteristics depend upon oceanographic conditions of sound propagation and its implication on the source of ambient noise. The results of measurement and analysis were as follows: 1. The frequency of the maximum noise level of two passenger. vessels was around 300 Hz. The spectrum level of the fast vessel (the Air-Ferry) was lower than the little slow vessel (the Olympic) between 50-150 Hz in frequences. 2. The spectrum level of the surface in the playground of the set net was lower than the deeper water till 500 Hz, but over that frequency the level was getting lower as the depth was deep. 3. The spectrum level outside the bag of the set net was greater than the inside between 50 and 700 Hz, but over 1,500 Hz the level inside the bag was higher than the outside. 4. The spectrum level of the outside of the breeding tank was higher than the inside in the daytime. However at night opposite phenomenon occurs.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2011

동해를 전파하는 지진해일은 다른 지역에서 발생하는 지진해일과 비교하였을 때 상대적으로 파장이 짧고, 파장에 비해 먼거리를 전파한다. 따라서 지진해일이 전파할 시 물리적인 분산효과가 매우 중요하다. 그러므로 동해에서 발생하는 지진해일을 수치모의 할 때는 분산효과가 충분히 고려될 수 있는 선형 Boussinesq 방정식을 사용한다. 그러나 이를 직접 풀 경우에는 상당히 많은 시간이 소비되며 효율적이지 못하다. 이와 같은 단점을 극복하기 위해 기존의 연구에서는 leap-frog 기법을 사용하여 선형 천수방정식을 차분할 때 발생하는 수치분산항을 선형 Boussinesq 방정식의 분산항과 같은 형태를 가질 수 있도록 분산보정계수를 사용하여 수치모의를 수행하였다. 하지만 이때 사용된 지배방정식은 수심이 일정하다는 가정을 이용하여 유도된 것이므로, 실제 경사가 있는 지형을 통과할 때의 수치모의 결과는 정확하다고 할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위하여 바닥 지형이 1차원으로 변한다는 가정으로 새로운 지배방정식을 유도하였으며, 수심변화로 인해 새로 발생하는 항을 기존의 분산보정기법에 추가하였다. 또한 수심이 변화는 지형을 통과하는 지진해일의 분산효과가 충분히 고려되는지 확인하기 위하여 Gaussian hump를 이용하여 가상 지진해일을 원형 천퇴지형에 통과시키는 수치모의를 수행하였다. 결과의 비교를 위한 정확해가 없으므로, 비선형 Boussinesq 방정식을 직접 차분하여 푸는 FUNWAVE를 이용하여 동일한 조건으로 수치모의를 수행하였다. 수치모의 시 중심선에 4개의 가상 gage를 설치하였으며, 이를 통해 각각의 수치모의 실험에 대한 자유수면 변위를 관찰하여 비교하였다. 수치모의 결과에 대한 비교를 통하여 기존의 분산보정기법에 비해 본 연구에서 제안한 새로운 수치기법이 분산효과를 비교적 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났으며, 비교적으로 실제 지형에 적용하였을 때 정확도 향상의 가능성이 높다고 판단하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Dynamic compaction (DC) is a useful method for improvement of granular soils. The method is based on falling a tamper (weighting 5 to 40 ton) from the height of 15 to 30 meters on loose soil that results in stress distribution, vibration of soil particles and desirable compaction of the soil. Propagation of the waves during tamping affects adjacent structures and causes structural damage or loss of performance. Therefore, determination of the safe or critical distance from tamping point to prevent structural hazards is necessary. According to FHWA, the critical distance is defined as the limit of a particle velocity of 76 mm/s. In present study, the ABAQUS software was used for numerical modeling of DC process and determination of the safe distance based on particle velocity criterion. Different variables like alluvium depth, relative density, and impact energy were considered in finite element modeling. It was concluded that for alluvium depths less than 10 m, reflection of the body waves from lower boundaries back to the soil and resonance phenomenon increases the critical distance. However, the critical distance decreases for alluvium depths more than 10 m. Moreover, it was observed that relative density of the alluvium does not significantly influence the critical distance value.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.867-880
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• 2015

Mechanical fastening is still one of the main methods used for joining components. Different techniques have been applied to reduce the effect of stress concentration of notches like fastener holes. In this work we evaluate the feasibility of combining laser shock peening (LSP) and cold expansion to improve fatigue crack initiation and propagation of open hole specimens made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. LSP is a new and competitive technique for strengthening metals, and like cold expansion, induces a compressive residual stress field that improves fatigue, wear and corrosion resistance. For LSP treatment, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with infrared radiation was used. Residual stress distribution as a function of depth was determined by the contour method. Compact tension specimens with a hole at the notch tip were subjected to LSP process and cold expansion and then tested under cyclic loading with R=0.1 generating fatigue cracks on the hole surface. Fatigue crack initiation and growth is analyzed and associated with the residual stress distribution generated by both treatments. It is observed that both methods are complementary; cold expansion increases fatigue crack initiation life, while LSP reduces fatigue crack growth rate.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

This paper proposes a study for accurate surface localization system using DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) and GPS/INS fusion algorithm. Because the propagation in the underwater is not passed by characteristics of the medium unlike the ground, the sonar system like DVL is used instead of GPS. But since these systems are installed on the seafloor and operated, a long time is required for installation and navigation systems are limited outside of the range area. And it is difficult to estimate position in a three-dimensional considering the depth in actual marine environment. In this paper, before the development of underwater localization system, precisely estimated position system is proposed in a two-dimensional by developing surface localization system using removing noise and disturbance with DWT and relatively inexpensive GPS and INS sensor.