• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6447-6453
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• 2012

Background: The mucin components of the gastric gel layer function as a protective and lubricating factor against luminal acid and proteolytic enzymes. Alteration of mucin expression in gastric preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions has suggested potential roles in neoplastic processes. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MUC-2, MUC-4 and MUC-5AC in Japanese gastric cancer. Methods: Expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC was evaluated on tissue microarrays of gastric carcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival time of the patients. Results: The three mucins were found to be expressed to a lesser extent in gastric carcinomas in comparison with non-cancerous mucosa (p<0.05). MUC-2 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and TNM staging of gastric cancer (p<0.05), while that of MUC-5AC was negatively associated with the depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (p<0.05), but positively with MUC-4 and MUC-2 expression (p<0.05). There was higher MUC-2 expression in intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated no relationship between expression of the three mucins and the cumulative survival rate of patients, even stratified according to the depth of invasion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulated expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC may be involved in pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis or differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Their altered expression might therefore be employed as an indicator of pathobiological behavior.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2004

Purpose: E-cadherin and CD44H have been shown to play a role in the progression and the metastasis of tumors. This study evaluated the clinical correlations between expression of E-cadherin and CD44H and various clinicopathologic factors and the value of expressions of E-cadherin and CD44H as prognostic factors in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In 122 patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer, we performed the immunohistochemical stainings for E-cadherin and CD44H. We analyzed the correlation between the expressions of E-cadherin and CD44H and lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, perineural invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, stage, and peritoneal dissemination, and survival. Results: There were no correlations between reduced expression of E-cadherin and CD44H and lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, perineural invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and stage. However, there was a significant correlation between lymph node metastasis and the lymphatic invasion (P=0.022). There was also a significant correlation between the peritoneal dissemination and CD44H expression (P=0.005). The 5-year survival rate was correlated with CD44H expression expression (P=0.026), peritoneal dissemination (P<0.01), depth of invasion (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), stage of tumor (P<0.01), and lymphatic invasion (P<0.01). There was no correlation between expression of E-cadherin and survival rate. Conclusion: The expression of CD44H and peritoneal dissemination was correlated. The expression of CD44H was an independent prognostic factor in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. Further prospective studies with a large number of cases are required.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.734-736
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• 2008

A method to make the near and far images for a double layer 3D display system to create continuous depth illusion has been studied. The luminance ratio between the near and far images should be allocated based on the tone reproduction characteristics of the display systems.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

Purpose: The p53 protein is a tumor supressor gene, and its mutation is associated with biologic aggressiveness. CD44v6, one of the CD44 family, is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is another recently identified growth factor with significant angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate p53, CD44v6, and VEGF expressions to determine whether degree of expression was related to pathological parameters such as Lauren's classification, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical stains of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 125 gastric adenocarcinomas were done. Results: The overall expression rates of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were $54.4\%$ (68/125), $36.8\%$ (46/125), and $48.0\%$ (60/125), respectively. The p53, not CD44v6 and VEGF was higher in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas by Lauren's classification. The expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were statistically correlated with depth of tumor invasion. The expression of CD44v6 was higher in the lymph node metastatic group than in the negative group. The p53 expression was significantly associated with VEGF expression. Conclusions: These data suggest that the expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF are biologically related to malignancy. The p53 and CD44v6 expressions are independent; however, p53 gene mutation is one of the contributing factors to VEGF expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1053-1057
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• 2012

Objective: Identifying cancer-related genes or proteins is critical in preventing and controlling colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) in CRC. Methods: Protein expression of ATF1 was detected using immunohistochemistry in 66 CRC tissues. Clinicopathological association of ATF1 in CRC was analyzed with chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The prognostic value of ATF1 in CRC is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results: The ATF1 protein expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues than corresponding normal tissues (51.5% and 71.1%, respectively, P = 0.038). No correlation was found between ATF1 expression and the investigated clinicopathological parameters, including gender, age, depth of invasion, lymph node status, metastasis, pathological stage, vascular tumoral emboli, peritumoral deposits, chemotherapy and original tumor site (all with P > 0.05). Patients with higher ATF1 expression levels have a significantly higher survival rate than that with lower expression (P = 0.026 for overall survival, P = 0.008 for progress free survival). Multivariate Cox regression model revealed that ATF1 expression and depth of invasion were the predictors of the overall survival (P = 0.008 and P = 0.028) and progress free survival (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005) in CRC. Conclusions: Higher ATF1 expression is a predictor of a favorable outcome for the overall survival and progress free survival in CRC.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.107-123
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the opinions of teachers, directors, and parents about childcare teachers' facial expression language. We performed in-depth interviews based on literature and previous studies, which consisted of ten childcare teachers, ten directors, and ten parents. From the in-depth interviews, we are able to mainly conclude that all groups think that a childcare teacher's facial expression language is very important, and strongly influences interpersonal problems and work performance. Mostly, childcare teachers aim to have pleasant facial expressions. However they complain that in some situations it is difficult to do so, which causes severe stress. They argued that the facial expressions of both the director of the childcare center and the parents are also very important for children. However, the directors thought that teachers' facial expressions affect children and their parents' impressions of the teachers and quality of childcare. The parents are usually highly satisfied with the childcare when the teacher has a pleasant facial expression, which motivates the parents to have a positive impression of the teacher. Taken together, childcare teachers' facial expression language is critical for children and the childcare environment. Thus, developing an education program for facial expression language would be helpful for improving the quality of child care. Plus, childcare environments should be developed so that teachers do not experience difficulty in having pleasant facial expressions. This result might have the limitation of being collected from only female childcare teachers, directors, and parents.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.787-794
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Surface microgrooves on Ti substrata have been shown to alter the expression of genes responsible for various biological activities of cultured fibroblasts. However, their effect on enhancing cell proliferation is not yet clear. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the dimension of surface microgrooves on Ti substrata that enhances proliferation and alters gene expression of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Material and methods. Commercially pure Ti discs with surface microgrooves of monotonous $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth and respective 15 and $30{\mu}m$ in width were fabricated using photolithography and used as the culture substrata in the two experimental groups in this study (TiD15 and TiD30), whereas the smooth Ti was used as the control substrata (smooth Ti group). Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on the three groups of titanium substrata and the proliferation, DNA synthesis, and gene expression of theses cells were analyzed and compared between all groups using XTT assay, BrdU assay, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results. From the XTT assay at 48 h incubation, the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in TiD30 was significantly enhanced compared to that in smooth Ti and TiD15. The results from the BrdU assay showed that, at 24 h incubation, the DNA synthesis was significantly enhanced in TiD30 compared to that in smooth Ti. In RT-PCR, increase in the expression of PCR transcripts of fibronectin, CDK6, $p21^{cip1}$ genes was noted at 48h incubation. Conclusion. Surface microgrooves $30{\mu}m$ in width and $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth on Ti substrata enhance proliferation and alter gene expression of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2019

The radish skin and radish greens are an edible part of the radish. But they are removed before eating the radish and used as a byproduct or an animal feed material because of their tough and rough texture. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supercritical heat-treated radish-extract on UV-induced HRM-2 wrinkled mouse animal model on anti-aging wrinkles. Supercritical heat-treated radish-extract was applied on the back of seven-weeks old HRM-2 mice. The effect of HRE on skin thickness, elasticity and wrinkle formation of the mice was observed by using UVB lamp to induce melanogenesis and wrinkle formation. As the result, increased depth of wrinkles was observed in the negative control group in comparison to the normal group. In contrast, decreased depth of wrinkles was observed in the radish-extract-free group compared to the negative control group. In the study of the effect of radish-extract on wrinkle-formation related gene expression and protein what protein expression, MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression significantly increased in the negative control group compared to the normal group. The gene expression reduced in dependence to the mass of radish-extract treated. Similar to quantitative results of mRNA expression, the expression of MMP-2 protein increased as a result of UVB-irradiation. The MMP-2 expression was inhibited in dependence to the mass of radish-extract treated. In conclusion, the supercritical heat-treated radish-extract has an effect on improving skin wrinkles not only when it is applied to the skin but also when orally ingested. Thus, it can be effectively used as a composition to health functional products. Therefore we can also conclude that radish a food that does not show any side-effects even upon long-term intake can reduce wrinkle formation as well as improve skin elasticity when taken regularly for a long period.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Prior to determining an optimal width of micropatterned grooves provided on titanium substrata, we have done a pilot study using surface topographies in combined microm and submicrom levels. Purpose. The purpose of this study was twofold 1) to assess the proliferation and 2) to analyze the expression of genes encoding the intracellular signaling proteins involved in cell-substratum adhesions and adhesion-dependent G1 phase cell cycle progression of human gingival fibroblasts plated on smooth and microgrooved/acid-etched titanium substrata. Material and methods. Three groups of titanium discs as NE0 (smooth Ti substrata), E15 (Ti substrata with microgrooves of $15{\mu}m$ of spacing and $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth and with further acidetching), and E30 (Ti substrata with microgrooves of $30{\mu}m$ spacing and $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth and with further acid-etching) served as the human gingival fibroblasts' substrata. Viability and proliferation of fibroblasts were determined using an XTT assay. Gene expressions of fibronectin, ${\alpha}5$ integrin, CDK4, and $p27^{kip}$ were analyzed in RT-PCR. Cell-substratum interactions were analyzed in SEM. Results. From the XTT assay at 24 h incubation, the mean optical density (OD) value of E15 was significantly greater than the values of E30 and NE0. At 48 and 96 h however, the mean OD values of E30 were significantly greater than the values of E15 and NE0. No differences in the expression of PCR transcripts at 96 h incubations were noted between groups, whereas at 48 h, an unexpected increase in the expression of all the transcripts were noted in E15 compared with other two groups. Fibroblasts were observed to orient and adhere inside the microgrooves. Conclusion. Micropatterned grooves and acid-etching on Ti substrata alter viability and gene expression of adhered human gingival fibroblasts.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.437-441
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• 2016

Dipole model based analytical expression is proposed to estimate the length and depth of the rectangular defect on ferromagnetic pipe. Among the three leakage profiles of Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), radial and axial leakage profiles are considered in this work. Permeability variation of the specimen is ignored by considering the flux density as close to saturation level of the inspected specimen. Comparing the profile of both the components, radial leakage profile furnishes the better estimation of defect parameter. This is evident from the results of error percentage of length and depth of the defect. Normalized pattern of the proposed analytical model radial leakage profile is good agreement with the experimentally obtained profile support the performance of proposed expression.