• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using Korean medicine treatment for depression induced by Plica syndrome operation and worsen by a traffic accident. Methods: We treated a patient's depression with Korean medicine treatments (Uwhangchungsimwon, acupuncture, pharmacoacupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, interferential current therapy). To evaluate the results of this treatment, we measured Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), EuroQol-Five Dimensions (EQ-5D), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: Improvements of BDI, EQ-5D, NRS, ODI and WOMAC were observed after the treatments. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment for depression may be effective.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PTSD on memory function and hippocampal volume, and to identify major variables correlated to hippocampal volume and memory function. Thirty four Vietnam veterans were collected for this study, among whom eighteen were PTSD patients and sixteen were combat control subjects. The author used Impact of Event Scale(IES), Combat Exposure Scale(CES), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Korea Memory Assessment Scale(K-MAS) was assessed for memory function. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to measure hippocampal volume. There were significant differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans in IES, HDRS and BDI. Significant difference was found in verbal memory and total memory of K-MAS between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. There was significant difference in hippocampal volume between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. Short term memory, verbal memory and total memory were positively correlated to hippocampal volume. Hippocampal volume was negatively correlated to IES, HDRS, and BDI. These results suggest that PTSD severity be associated with hippocampal atrophy and memory dysfunction. Reduced or smaller hippocampal volume may be preexisting risk factor for stress exposure or the development of PTSD on combat exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention [Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV)] and anger [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger] for parents and guardians of children aged 6-17 years. Methods: We included 104 children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD with anxiety and depression, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (ADHD=41, depression=9, anxiety=14, ADHD+anxious depression=11, tic+somatic symptoms=29). Their ages ranged from 8 years to 15 years. The participants' mothers completed the SNAP-IV, PROMIS Anger scale, Korean version of the IOWA Conners Rating Scale (K-IOWA), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) so that the reliability and validity of the SNAP-IV and PROMIS Anger scales, which are DSM-5 scales for assessing inattention and anger of children and adolescents, could be examined. Results: The reliability coefficient of SNAP-IV (Cronbach's α) was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between SNAP-IV, K-IOWA inattention, and K-ARS inattention scores ranged from 0.73 to 0.86. The mean SNAP-IV scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+anxious depression groups were significantly higher than those of the anxiety and the tic+somatic symptoms groups. The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Anger was 0.91. The correlation coefficient between PROMIS Anger and K-IOWA oppositional/defiant scores was 0.75. The PROMIS Anger mean score of the ADHD+anxious depression group tended to be higher than that of the other groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention and anger for parent and guardian of child age 6-17 might be a reliable and valid test and may be useful for screening children and adolescents with ADHD.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

This quasi-experimental study was intended to test the effect of self-help group program, which is one of the way to enhance adaptation and quality of life to mastectomy patients. Data was collected from July 14, 1998 to Oct. 31, 1998 at two Medical Center in Seoul. The subjects for this study were the patients who had undergone mastectomy and were follow-up ; 14 in experimental group and 14 in control group matched with age and treatment. The instruments for this study were adaptation in Lee(1994)'s physical symptom questionnaire, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS, 1965), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS, 1970), quality of life in Spranger(1996)'s and No(1988)'s Quality of Life Questionnaire. The self-help group program for mastectomy patients was developed based on literature review and pilot study by the investigator. The subjects of experimental group were participated in 6 weeks self-help group program and were received arm and shoulder exercise, informational support, and interpersonal support by group members. The control group were received no intervention, Both group answered questionnaires prior to intervention and 6 weeks later. The data analyzed by frequency, $X^2$-test, Mann-Whitney U test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS WIN. The results are as follows ; Hypothesis 1. "The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on adaptation state than control group." was not supported. But the post test score of anxiety and depression in experimental group were declined and the depression score was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 2. "The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on quality of life than control group." was not supported. But the posttest score of quality of life in experimental group was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 3. "The higher adaptation state of mastectomy patients, the higher quality, of life." was supported(r=,80, p<.001). Additionally, the lower physical symptom, depression and anxiety, the higher quality of life And depression, which was the main predictor of quality of life, accounted for 59.5%, depression and anxiety accounted for 65.5% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, when the self-help group program was intervened to mastectomy patients, it was tended to increase quality of life and to reduce depression and anxiety. So self-help group program can be considered useful nursing inter vention effect on adaptation and quality of life of mastectomy patients. With discussion, I suggest repeated further re search on self-help group with appropriate sample size and longitudinal study. Also during adjuvant therapy, it is needed to develop convenient method to be supported from peer group and family, such as computer mediated support group.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pain and psychological state in female office workers with neck pain. Methods : Experimental group of 31 healthy subjects complained of neck and arm discomfort related to computer use which lasted more than 3 months in the past year and was present in the past 7 days as well as on the day of test. Outcomes were assessed by meridian-electromyography(MEMG), Neck Disability Index(NDI), Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Stress Reaction Inventory(SRI), Holmes & Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS). Results : The NDI score and BDI score had a correlationship(r=0.48), and the NDI score and SRI score also had a correlationship(r=0.48), significantly. The NDI score and contraction power of upper trapezius by MEMG had a correlationship significantly, but with the other muscles the NDI score didn't have correlationships. The NDI score and the SRI score were significantly higher in depression group(BDI score ${\circ}{\surd}$14). The contraction power of trapezius by MEMG was significantly lower in depression group. Conclusions : The results suggest that mental stress can be a major risk factor of neck pain in female office workers.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to report the clinical effectiveness of the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L (Mindfulness & Loving presence) psychotherapy on the patient with panic disorder. Methods: The subject for this study was the patient diagnosed with panic disorder who complained about intermittent panic attack and accompanying insomnia. During the treatment period, the patient received complex Korean therapy and M&L psychotherapy. The clinical effects were evaluated through Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: After the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L psychotherapy, the overall symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic disorder and insomnia of the patient were lessened in a relatively short period. No specificities or adverse effects were reported during the treatment period. Conclusions: This study established that the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L psychotherapy was effective in treating patients with panic disorder.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the factors including possibility of bipolar disorder that are related to intensity of suicidal idea. Methods : The study subjects consisted of 50 patients who did suicidal attempt and treated at the Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital Emergency Room. All participants underwent psychiatric interview and underwent Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale(C-SSRS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Korean Version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire(MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale(BSDS) to evaluate patient's suicide attempt, severity of depression and possibility of bipolar disorder. Results : Compared to non-high risk group, suicide high risk group showed significantly higher BDI(p<0.001) and intensity of ideation(IOI) in C-SSRS(p<0.001). Also intensity of ideation(IOI) was correlated with Mood Disorder Questionnaire(MDQ) bipolarity positive(p=0.033). Conclusions : The present study indicated that possibility of bipolar disorder plays a significant role in suicide attempters. Assessment of suicide ideation severity and possibility of bipolar disorder should be considered when suicide attempters come to emergency room.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2008

Objectives Obesity and climacteric symptom are affected by various cultural, social and psychological factors. This study is performed to recognize the relationship between obesity, climacteric symptom, and other social and psychological factors such as self-esteem, depression, eating attitude, stress response and social readjustment rating. Methods SRRS(social readjustment rating scale), SES(self-esteem scale), SRI(stress response inventory), BDI(Beck depression inventory), KEAT-26 (Korean Eating Attitude Test-26) and Kuperman index were given to 43 peri-menopausal women aged 45-55 and BMI ${\geq}23$. They were given written consent and this study is performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. And height, body weight, waist circumference were measured. These variables were treated by correlation and regression analysis for finding effect factors of climacteric symptom. Result BMI and WC were not related to climacteric symptom. There were significant correlation between KEAT-26(r=0.4388, p=0.004), SES (r=-0.4748, p=0.001), SRI(r=0.6941, p<0.001), BDI(r=0.6354, p<0.001) and Kuperman index. In multiple regression, SRI was find to be a prediction factor of Kuperman index.(Kuperman index=19.033+0.7SRI($R^2$=0.490)). Conclusion Climacteric symptom is related to self-esteem, eating attitude, depression and stress response. And the most important prediction factor of climacteric symptom is stress response. So managing of stress response may be essential to treating climacteric syndrome. And it is necessary to study about climacteric symptom with many other effective factors of various peri-menopausal subjects.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1046-1052
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• 2018

Objective The aims of the present study were to explore the occurrence of childhood trauma and importantly to determine the impacts of childhood trauma on psychosocial features in a Chinese sample of young adults. Methods A survey was carried out in a group of 555 university students by using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (DAS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The moderate-severe cut-off scores for CTQ were used to calculate the prevalence of childhood trauma, and then psychosocial features were compared between individuals with and without childhood trauma. Results A proportion of 18.6% of university students had self-reported childhood trauma exposures. Subjects with childhood trauma reported higher scores of SDS, SAS, DAS, and psychoticism and neuroticism dimensions of EPQ (t=4.311-5.551, p<0.001); while lower scores of SSRS and extraversion dimension of EPQ (t=-4.061- -3.039, p<0.01). Regression analyses further revealed that scores of SAS and DAS were positively (Adjusted B=0.211-0.230, p<0.05), while scores of SSRS were negatively (Adjusted B=-0.273- -0.240, p<0.05) associated with specific CTQ scores. Conclusion Childhood trauma is still a common social and psychological problem. Individuals with childhood trauma show much more depression, anxiety, distorted cognition, personality deficits, and lower levels of social support, which may represent the social and psychological vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders after childhood trauma experiences.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Objectives : The goal of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of panic disorder respiratory subtype(PD-R) and non-respiratory subtype(PD-NR). Methods : 84 patients with panic disorder were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, 29 PD-R and 55 PD-NR. Diagnosis of panic disorder was evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders $4^{th}$ edition and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. They were also measured with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). Results : PD-R group showed significantly higher scores in PDSS than those of PD-NR group(p=.027). After controlling for the severity of panic disorder and gender, PD-R group showed higher HAM-D and somatic anxiety subscale of HAM-A than those of PD-NR group. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analysis suggested that the somatic anxiety was a possible risk factor of PD-R(OR=1.404,p=0.009). Conclusion : These results suggest that somatic anxiety and depressive symptom would be important clinical characteristics of PD-R.