• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.274-283
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• 2005

Purpose: To survey the functional status, self-esteem and depression of a community of indwelling clients with total laryngectomy, and to evaluate the correlation among these three variances. Methods: From May 2002 to October 2002, 76 clients who had undergone total laryngectomy more than three months ago were surveyed with using Baker's functional status in head & neck cancer-self report, Rosenberg's self rating self-esteem scale and Zung's self rating depression scale. Results: 1. The functionaI status score was $48.67{\pm}10.12$. The subjects aged 70 years or older had significantly higher scores than the subjects aged $50{\sim}59$ years. The group of clients who were operated on more than five years ago showed higher scores than the patients operated on within a year. 2. The self-esteem score was $30.47{\pm}6.44$. 3. The depression score was $47.26{\pm}8.01$. The subjects who bad three family members and the subjects who had five family members had significantly higher scores than the subjects who had two family members. 4. A significant correlation found between the functional status and self-esteem. Significant negative correlations were found between the functional status and depression and also between self-esteem and depression. Conclusion: Remarkable correlations were observed among functional status, self-esteem and depression. Nurses should consider the status of layngectomy patients and pay more attention to their pre- and post- operative nursing care and rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2015

Objectives: Postmenopausal symptoms are subject to many factors. Recently, obesity has been suggested as a factor of hot flush. So this study aims to report the relationship between body composition and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), The Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) of postmenopausal women. Methods: We studied 42 climacteric women who had visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from April 2011 to July 2014. 42 women had filled out MRS, MENQOL, and they had taken body composition tests. Pearson correlation tests were conducted. (Correlation was statistically significant at the 0.05 level) Results: Correlation between psychological subscale of MENQOL and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was statistically significant (pearson correlation coefficient=0.385; p-value=0.012). But other subscales of MRS and MENQOL were not statistically related with body composition. Conclusions: WHR could be an important factor of psychological health of menopausal women. So, abdominal fat reduction must be considered when curing menopausal symptoms. In connection with climacteric depression, well-designed studies would be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a qigong-based stress management program in pregnant women. Method: A 8 week controlled clinical trial compared 52 pregnant women assigned qigong-based stress management program to 40 pregnant women assigned pregnancy health education program. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), Spielberger trait state inventory-1(STAI-1), Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety scale(HAM-A) were used to measure anxiety and depression level. Result : Qigong-based stress management group showed significant improvement compared to the education control group on four measures above. Qigong-based stress management group also showed significant improvement at 8 weeks termination on all measures of anxiety and depression compared to pretreatment level. Conclusion : This study showed that qigong-based stress management program can be an effective method for pregnant women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.104-116
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• 1998

The paper was studied those aged of 65 years or over who were attending 11 senior citizen's centers and 4 nursing home centers for the aged during the day in Junla-buk do. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of depression and related factors by using the 20 part Zung's self-rating interview schedule. The results of the study were analized using an SAS program. Data analysis included the following : percent, average, S.D, ANOVA, T-test, Person's simple correlation, multiple regression. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The mean value of depression was 45.54 out of a total of 80 and the mean depression scale was 2.28 on a Likert scale. Those over a 50 degree depression rate was 37.7%. 2. There was a significant decrease of depression when monthly pocket money increased. 3. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when they think their health is good and they have no chronic disease. 4. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when activities of daily living increased, r= -0.537 and p=0.0001. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when health promoting behavior increased, r= -0.752 and p=0.0001. 5. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when social activities increased, in meeting a relatives and attending a senior citizen's center.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.777-786
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors on anxiety and depression before and after prosthetic treatment in the patients. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 248 patients with tooth loss and over 20 years old. The questionnaire was carried out before and after oral examination and dental prosthetic treatment from July to December, 2013. The study instruments included Beck's anxiety inventory and self-rating depression scale by Zung. The questionnaire was adapted and modified from Kwon's anxiety inventory and Lee's depression scale. Results: While the anxiety level increased from 69.4% to 78.2% in the normal people, the depression level changed from 53.2% to 64.1% in the normal people. The gender variable had a positive effect on anxiety and depression while educational level had a negative effect on them. The dental fear was closely related to anxiety and depression before and after the prosthetic treatment. The entire body health perception showed a negative effect on anxiety and depression. The distrust towards the dentist had an influence on the anxiety and depression in the prosthetic patients. Conclusions: The influencing factors on anxiety and depression in the prosthetic patients included gender, dental fear, entire body perception, and distrust towards the dentist.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 1998

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression, & anger which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Hwabyung patients.The subjects in this study were 35 Hwabyung patients and 40 Non-Hwabyung persons, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression, & anger. We used Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) & State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI).The results of this study are as follows:1. There were significant differences in the 18 items of SAS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).2. There were significant differences in the 13 items of SDS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of SAS and SDS between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.001 respectively).4. There were significant differences in the mean scores of State Anger, Trait Anger, Trait Anger/Temperament, Anger-in & Anger-out counted by STAXI between Hwabyung patients and the control group (p＜0.001, p＜0.01, p＜0.001, p＜0.001, p＜0.05 respectively).5. There were significant relationships between State Anger & Anxiety, Anger-out & Trait Anger/Temperament, Depression & Anxiety(r=.43, r=.37, r=.64).

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 1996

Object : The aim of this study was to examine an association between plasma 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid(HIAA) level and the change of depressive symptom after fluoxetine trial in haloperidol-stabilized schizoprenic in-patients. Method : According to plasma 5-HIM level, 32 patients were classified to either group with high 5-HIAA level(N=11) or that with low 5-HIM(N=11). For each patient, fluoxetine(20mg/day) added to stable haloperidol dose for 6 weeks. The authors measured Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) at baseline, the 2nd week, the 4th week, the 6th week of treatment. Result : 1) Age, duration of illness, number of admission, duration of present admission, dosage of haloperidol between high 5-HIAA group and low 5-HIM group were significantly different. 2) As time went on, the association between the change of depressive symptom and plasma 5-HIAA concentration was not significant. 3) Of depressed group, as lime went an, depressive symptoms were improved significantly in high 5-HIAA group, but not in law 5-HIM group. Conclusion : We suggest that the association between plasma 5-HIAA level and the change of depressive symptoms after fluoxetine trial in haloperidol stabilized schizophrenic in-patients was not significant.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.338-351
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• 1994

This study was to find out whether there were differences in the levels of depressions between positive and negative schizophrenics. This research was derived from the fact that negative schizophrenics show higher levels of depression than positive schizophrenics. This study also examined the levels of psychomotor dysfunction in positive and negative schizophrenics. For this study, there were 453 subjects. They consisted of 119 positive schizophrenics, 122 negative schizophrenics and 212 normal people. They were asked to complete Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and to perform one subtest, Digit Symbol of KWIS(Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale). Subjects' levels of depression were measured by the SDS. the level of psychomotor dysfunction was measured by Digit Symbol subtest of Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale. ANOV A and Duncan's multiple comparison analysis were used to examine whether there were differences of depression and psychomotor dysfunction among the normal people, positive and negative schizophrenics. The results were as follows: It was found that the depression level was higher in the negative schizophrenic patients than positive schizophrenic patients. Levels of depression were significantly higher in negative schizophrenics than positive schizophrenics. Psychomotor retardation symptom was the most effective variable that discriminates between the normals and the schizophrenics. And it would be concluded that the psychomotor dysfunction was more severe in negative schizophrenics than positive schizophrenics.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Objective : The Hoarding Rating Scale-Self-Report (HRS-SR) is a five-item scale that simply assesses the hoarding symptoms. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the HRS-SR (HRS-SR-K). Methods : A total of 144 individuals completed the self-administered questionnaires including HRS-SR-K, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean version (OCI-R-K), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Psychometric properties of the HRS-SR-K were analyzed. Results : The Cronbach's α value for internal consistency of the HRS-SR-K was excellent (Cronbach's α=0.84). The construct validity was analyzed on the basis of principal component analysis and one-factor structure of the original scale was maintained. The HRS-SR-K total score and each item scores were more strongly correlated with the hoarding subscale score in OCI-R-K (convergent validity, r=0.71, p<0.01) than the corresponding scores of nonspecific depression or anxiety measures (discriminant validity). Conclusion : The HRS-SR-K is a simple and reliable self-report scale for examining the severity of hoarding symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

Object : Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a protein involved in neuronal survival and plasticity in the central nervous system, which might play an important role in stress, depression and suicide. This study was performed to determine whether there is an alteration in plasma NGF concentrations in depressed patients with suicidal attempt. Methods : The subjects were 32 depressed patients who attempted suicide and admitted in emergency room. Forty-four hospitalized non-suicidal depressive patients and the 30 normal controls were closely matched with the suicidal group in terms of age and sex. Individuals in all 3 groups were evaluated independently by a semi-structured interview for the purpose of establishing a DSM-IV criteria diagnosis. The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated using Hamilton depression rating scale(HDRS). The severity of the suicidal behavior was evaluated by Weisman and Worden's risk-rescue rating(RRR) system and the Lethality Suicide Attempt Rating Scale(LSARS). Plasma NGF level was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. Results : There were no statistically significant differences of the plasma NGF levels among groups. LSARS and RRR did not reveal any significant correlation with ${\beta}$-NGF level in suicidal depressive patients. Conclusion : This study do not support an association between ${\beta}$-NGF and suicidal depression. However it is necessary to investigate this association through other route such as postmortem brain.