• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.251-258
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• 2018

We study convergent factors to depression(CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) among administrative staff in general hospital. The questionnaire was used using an unregistered self-administered questionnaire for 201 staff from 9 general hospitals located in J area from Jul. 3rd, 2017 to Jul. 29th, 2017. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis shows the following results. The depression of respondents turned out to be significantly higher in following groups: a group in which Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RES) is lower, a group in which Multidimensional Fatigue Scale(MFS) is higher, a group in which Psychosocial Well-being Index Short Form(PWI-SF) are higher. The results show explanatory power of 32.5%. The results of the study indicate that the efforts, to increase RES, and to decrease MFS and PWI, are required to improve the depression among administrative staff in general hospital. These results could be used in organizing human resource management and industrial health education to lower the level of depression in general hospital administration staff. Following studies need to analyze the structural equation model that effects the depression levels of administrative staff in general hospital.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity, depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity and to find out the explanatory variables that account for the insomnia severity among depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity in general population. 95 mentally healthy volunteers who visit health promotion center of Kangbuk Samsung hospital for their regular medical examination were requested to complete Athens Insomnia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Association between total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale and other variables (total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16, total scores of State Anxiety, total scores of Trait Anxiety, and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Scale) was assessed individually with partial correlations adjusted by age and then together using multiple regression analysis. The total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale were significantly associated with total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16 (r=0.541, p<0.001), total scores of Trait Anxiety (r=0.642, p<0.001), total scores of State Anxiety (r=0.267, p<0.05), and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Index (r=0.312, p<0.01). Total scores of trait anxiety showed the highest correlation with the total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale and was the significant predictor to total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale among the other predictor variables (p<0.001). These results show that insomnia severity is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity. The correlation was strongest with trait anxiety. In addition, our results suggest that trait anxiety is associated with insomnia severity in general populations.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2006

Purpose: The Edinbergh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. The objective of this research was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 10-item EDPS in Korea. Methods: Subjects were 145 women who were 6 to 10 weeks post delivery. To test reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity testing was performed using convergent validity by Pearson's correlation. Data was gathered at 3 hospitals during Oct. 2005 after obtaining an informed consent. Result: The mean age of the subjects was 29.9 years. and the mean parity was 1.46 times. The mean EPDS score was 18.4. Reliability analysis showed a satisfactory result (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=.84). There were significant positive correlations between EPDS and Mills postnatal depression and anxiety check list scores as expected(r=.69, p<.001) and thus supported convergent validity. Conclusion: The study findings showed that the Korean version of the EPDS-10 is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for measuring postnatal depression in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effects of rotating shift work on the subjective characteristics of sleep and mental depression questionnaire survey was carried out on 405 shift workers and 153 nonshift workers who were nurses employed. in three university hospital. The questionnaire forms used in this study were the self rating depression scale(SDS) and circadian type questionnaire(CTQ) factor R(rigidity/flexbility of sleeping habit) and factor V(inability/ability to overcome drowsiness). The results were as follows ; 1. Mean score of CTQ R in shift workers was significantly lower than that in nonshift workers, however, no significant difference in CTQ V was observed between two groups. 2. Mean score of SDS was significantly higher in shift workers(44.1) than in nonshift workers(39.8). 3. Mean self rating depression scale scores of pervasive affect, physiologic equivalents and psychological equivalents were significantly higher in shift workers than in nonshift workers. 4. In shift worker, mean SDS score was the highest in confusion and followed by diurnal variation, retardation, and indeciveness in the descending order. In nonshift worker, that score was the highest in decreased libido and followed by confusion, and indeciveness in the descending order. 5. Circadian type questionnaire scores was significantly and negatively correlated with significantly and negatively correlating with Self-rating depression scale scores(r=-0.473).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.283-293
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• 2015

Purpose: Depression is a common sign of suffering among the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Frequent and severe neuropsychiatric symptoms lead to high levels of distress in patients and their caregivers, which results in the high levels of caregiver burden. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: The study included 183 consecutive PD patients and their caregivers. Patients were assessed using the Hoehn and Yahr scale, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale. Caregivers' depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Caregiver Burden Inventor (CBI), BDI, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. Results: All of the patients reported one or more neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients' and caregivers' depressive symptoms, caregivers' age and education, time for caregiving, and quality of life were significantly associated with the increased caregiver burden. After controlling the level of education as a potential confounding variable, depression in both patients and caregivers, time for caregiving, and quality of life explained 45.6% of the variance in caregiver burden. Conclusion: Substantial attention needs to be given to the early identification of depression in PD patients and their caregivers to improve caregivers' quality of life and burden.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

Objective : To determine predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in burn injured patients and evaluate factors for identifying high risk group of PTSD. Methods : This study examined sixty one patients aged in the range of 19-65 years with burn injuries. All subjects completed self-assessment inventories about PTSD (The PTSD Check List for DSM-5. PCL-5), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), embitterment (Posttraumatic embitterment disorder self-rating scale, PTED scale) and meaning of life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire, MLQ). Stepwise multiple regression and ROC curve analysis were the tools used for analysis. Results : The results revealed higher depression, embitterment and lower presence of meaning in life predicted severe PTSD symptoms. ROC analysis indicated PTED scale and PHQ-9 were useful for discriminating high risk group of PTSD. Conclusion : The present study established that the need to consider embitterment, depression and meaning of life for alleviation and prevention of PTSD symptoms in burn patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.829-840
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• 1999

This study was conducted to construct a hypothetical model of depression in Korean adolescent women and validate the fit of the model to the empirical data. The data were collected from 345 high school girls in Seoul, from May 1 to June 30, 1998. The instruments were the Body Mass Index, Physical Satisfaction Scale, Family Adaptatibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III, Family Satisfaction Scale, CES-D and School Adptation Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the pc -SAS program. The Linear Structural Relationship(LISREL) modeling process was used to find the best fit model which would predict the causal relationships among the variables. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate ［X$^2$＝69.6(df＝17, p＝.000), GFI ＝0.95, AGFI＝0.90, RMR＝0.087, NNFI＝0.86, NFI＝0.90］. The predictable variables, especially menstrual symptoms, physical symptoms and family function, had a significant direct effect on depression. but school life adaptation did not have a significant direct effect. These variables explained 18.1% of the total variance.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.371-383
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the research trends in the treatment of tai chi on depression. Methods: We searched articles in Pubmed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) July 2009~June 2019. Selected studies were evaluated by the Jadad scale. Results: Fifteen controlled clinical trials were selected. The GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and SDS (Self-rating Depression Scale) were most frequently used as diagnostic criteria. The GDS was also the most commonly used outcome measurement. From the Jadad scale of 15 articles, the quality of the studies was low, overall. Conclusions: According to this study, it seems that tai chi treatment for depressive disorder is an effective and safe intervention. Thus, based on this study, more clinical research on diverse forms of treatments for depressive disorder should be performed in Korean medicine in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

Objectives : Clinical differences between elderly patients with early and late onset depression have been described although these have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare differences of clinical symptoms using the 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D-17) between two groups. Methods : Data of 175 elderly patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV from January 2005 to November 2009 were collected. Seventy five patients were early onset depression and one hundred patients were late onset depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for depression. Results : There were some differences in HAM-D-17 scores between early and late onset depression. Early onset depression patients scored significantly higher in retardation(t = 2.41, p = 0.017) and somatic symptoms( general)(t = 2.37, p = 0.019) than late onset depression patients. Conclusion : We concluded that early onset depression patients have more severe psychomotor retardation and general somatic symptoms than late onset depression patients in Korea. Because of some limitations of this study, further investigations will be needed to validate this study results.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.338-351
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• 1994

This study was to find out whether there were differences in the levels of depressions between positive and negative schizophrenics. This research was derived from the fact that negative schizophrenics show higher levels of depression than positive schizophrenics. This study also examined the levels of psychomotor dysfunction in positive and negative schizophrenics. For this study, there were 453 subjects. They consisted of 119 positive schizophrenics, 122 negative schizophrenics and 212 normal people. They were asked to complete Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and to perform one subtest, Digit Symbol of KWIS(Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale). Subjects' levels of depression were measured by the SDS. the level of psychomotor dysfunction was measured by Digit Symbol subtest of Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale. ANOV A and Duncan's multiple comparison analysis were used to examine whether there were differences of depression and psychomotor dysfunction among the normal people, positive and negative schizophrenics. The results were as follows: It was found that the depression level was higher in the negative schizophrenic patients than positive schizophrenic patients. Levels of depression were significantly higher in negative schizophrenics than positive schizophrenics. Psychomotor retardation symptom was the most effective variable that discriminates between the normals and the schizophrenics. And it would be concluded that the psychomotor dysfunction was more severe in negative schizophrenics than positive schizophrenics.