• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

초기재령에서의 콘크리트 거동은 시간의 증가에 따른 수화반응에 따라 변화하는데, 염해 저항성과 강도 특성은 다르게 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 재령이 28일에서 6개월로 증가하면서 변화하는 강도 및 염해 저항특성을 보통 콘크리트에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 3개의 물-시멘트비를 가진 일반 콘크리트에 대하여, 재령 28일과 6개월 수중양생을 수행하였으며, 강도, 염화물 확산계수, 통과전하량을 평가하였다. 재령이 28일에서 6개월로 증가하면서 강도변화는 135.3~138.3% 수준으로 증가하였으나, 염화물 확산계수의 경우 41.8%~51.1% 수준으로, 통과전하량의 경우 53.6%~70.0% 수준으로 감소하였다. 염화물 확산계수와 통과전하량의 경우는 비교적 비슷한 수준으로 감소하였는데, 두 결과는 전기장 내에서의 염화물 이동에 지배적이기 때문이다. 또한 강도의 변화비보다 염화물 확산계수 및 통과전하량의 변화비가 크게 증가하였는데, 이는 공극특성의 제곱에 비례하여 물질이동 특성이 변하기 때문이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2015

정상초음파장의 구동 주파수가 메탄-공기 예혼합화염의 전파특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하는 실험결과를 제시한다. 고속카메라를 이용하여 화염의 전파영상을 획득하였으며, 영상 후처리를 통해 화염선단의 구조와 속도변이를 포함하는 화염의 거시적 거동을 상세히 관찰하였다. 정상초음파가 연소반응을 촉진시켜 화염 전파속도의 증대와 화염선단 구조의 변이를 유발한다는 사실에 더하여, 초음파구동 주파수와 당량비에 대한 화염거동의 종속성을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권4호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2020

Considerable controversy surrounds the choice of the best abutment type for implant prosthetics. The two most common structures are hex and non-hex abutments. The non-hex abutment typically furnishes a larger contact area between itself and the implant than that provided by a hex structure. However, when a hex abutment is loaded, the position of its contact area may be deeper than that of a non-hex abutment. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the different biomechanical behaviors of an internal bone-level implant based on the abutment type-hex or non-hex-and clinical crown length under static and cyclic loadings using finite element analysis (FEA). The hex structure was found to increase the implant and abutment stability more than the nonhex structure among several criteria. The use of the hex structure resulted in a smaller volume of bone tissues being at risk of hypertrophy and fatigue failure. It also reduced micromovement (separation) between the implant components, which is significantly related to the pumping effect and possible inflammation. Both static and fatigue analyses, used to examine short- and long-term stability, demonstrated the advantages of the hex abutment over the non-hex type for the stability of the implant components. Moreover, although its impact was not as significant as that of the abutment type, a large crown-implant ratio (CIR) increased bone strain and stress in the implant components, particularly under oblique loading.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.829-833
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the work associated stress and nicotine dependence among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore, India. Demographic details, stress factors experienced at work and nicotine dependency were the variables studied. The extent of stress factors experienced at work was assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale (ERI). Nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST). Logistic regression was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Three hundred and four law enforcement personnel participated in the study, among whom 68 had the presence of one or more habits like tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol use. The mean effort score was $15.8{\pm}4.10$ and the mean reward and mean overcommitment scores were $36.4{\pm}7.09$ and $17.8{\pm}5.32$ respectively. Effort/Reward ratio for the total participants was 1.0073 and for those with nicotine habit was 1.0850. Results of our study demonstrated no significant association between domains of ERI scale and presence of habits but work associated stress was associated with the presence of one or more habits. Compared to constables, head constables had 1.12 times higher risk of having a nicotine habit. Conclusions: Our study implies job designation is associated with nicotine habits. However, there was no association between work associated stress and nicotine dependence among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2000

This paper tried to understand the effects of alcohol-reducing program on drinkings behaviour of workers on works under 5 employees. For these, this paper understood a change of drinkings custom and degree of alcohol-reducing strategy practice by enforcement of alcohol reducing program over 7 times during 3 months Reaults from analyses are as follows 1) A health problems related to drinkings were a chronic fatigue and indigestion, 15.5% was over 5 items among items related to liver disease. 2) The subjector of investigation all was involved over 2 items among items that a drinking custom must be collecred. 3) The change of drinkings custom between before and after on enforcement of alcohol reducing program showed a effective difference. 4) For a degree of the alcohol-reducing strategy practice, "reducing drinkings days" was 82.9%. "bearing drinkings impulse" 70.7%, "exchanging drinkings custom" 56.1%, "avoiding drinkings friends" 51.2%, Yet, "avoiding drinking place" and "preparing leisure activity to exchange drinkings" showed a low practice ratio. 5) For correlation between drinkings drinkings behaviour and degree of alcohol-reducing strategy practice, the more drinkings times before program paticipatance the higher alcohol-reducing strategy practice, alcohol dependency and drinkings times, alcohol-reducing strategy and drinkings times, befere drinking custom had an effective negative corelation, after drinkings custom and alcohol-reducing strategy a strong effective positive corelation. 6) workers writing drinkings paper decreased drinkings times. Implications from results are as follows The alcohol-reducing program is necessary to works under 5 employees, and needs to he operated continously. Especially, in works under 5 emplyees, the alcohol-reducing programt needs to be operated by firm or government.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12C호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2001

이 논문에서는 수신측에 도달하는 VoIP 패킷들을 쉐이핑하고 또 버퍼링하기 위하여 CAM형의 제어기를 사용하는 기술로 적응식 쉐이핑 제어기를 제안한다. 패킷간 도탁 시간 간격의 변이를 없애기 위하여, 지연 균등화 방법에 입각한 전통적인 jitter buffer는 요구되는 버퍼크기가 너무 커지고 이에 기인한 지나친 지연으로 오디오 질이 나빠지는 원인이다. 그러나, 이 논문에서 제안한 방법을 사용하면, 도착시간 간격 변이를 없애기 위한 쉐이핑에 의해 야기된 지연은 동적으로 Ip 네크웍에서 존재하는jitter 수준의 정도에 따라 증가 또는 감소한다. 이것은 네트웍의 지연시간 변이 상황에 적응하여 동작하게 되는데, 네트웍에 지연시간 변이현상이 심하지 않으면 쉐이핑 제어기에서의 지연시간이 작아진다는 것을 의미한다. 또 CAM형으로 동작하기 때문에 쉐이핑 과정이 빨리 이루어지고 이는 수신측에서의 VoIP 패킷 처리 시간을 최대한 단축시켜 준다. 마지막으로 쉐이핑 제어기에서의 평균 TALKratio와 jitter buffer 엔트리 수에 대한 패킷 손실과 지연 성능이 관계를 분석한다. 놀랍게도, 제안한 쉐이핑 제어기를 사용할 때의 평균 지연이 약 10msec라는 것을 확인하였다. 이 성능은 수신측에서 60msec 강제지연을 강요하는 지연시간 균등화 방법보다 훨씬 더 좋은 성능을 보여주는 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.774-780
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• 2017

본 논문은 HEVC의 엔트로피 코딩방법인 CABAC 부호화기를 위한 효율적인 이진 산술 부호화기 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. CABAC은 HEVC 표준에서 사용되는 엔트로피 코딩 방법으로 통계적 중복성을 제거하여 영상의 높은 압축률을 지원한다. 하지만 이진 산술 부호화(Binary Arithmetic Encode)는 데이터 간의 의존 관계가 높아 병렬처리가 어렵고 실시간 처리의 지연이 발생 된다. 제안하는 이진 산술 부호화기는 입력으로 들어오는 빈을 고속으로 처리하기 위하여 재정규화 과정을 분리 시켜 동작하도록 설계한다. 기존의 반복적인 알고리즘을 병렬적으로 처리함으로써 최대지연시간(Critical Path)을 최적으로 줄일 수 있는 4단계의 파이프라인 구조로 설계하였다. 또한, 멀티-빈 구조를 적용하여 클록 사이클 당 3개의 빈을 처리한다. 제안하는 CABAC의 이진 산술 부호화기는 Verilog-HDL로 설계하였으며 65nm 공정으로 합성하였다. 합성 결과 게이트수는 8.07K 이며 최대 동작주파수는 769MHz로 최대 빈 처리량은 2307Mbin/s이다. 제안하는 하드웨어 구조는 기존의 이진 산술 부호화기와 비교하여 최대 빈 처리량이 26% 만큼 증가 하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 영역분할기법에 의하여 예조건화 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 병렬화 하였으며, 병렬화 된 코드의 정확도는 순차 코드의 결과 및 실험 데이터와의 비교를 통하여 확인하였다. 코드의 병렬효율은 Myrinet을 기반의 PC 클러스터와 Fast-Ethernet PC 클러스터에서 살펴보았다. 주된 성능 지표로는 프로세서 수와 네트웍 통신 구성에 따른 속도 향상 비를 살펴보았다. 이 시험에서 Myrinet 환경의 PC 클러스터는 기대한 바와 같이 Fast-Ethernet에 비하여 우수한 성능을 보여 주었다. 문제의 크기에 대한 의존도 시험에서 네트웍 통신 속도는 병렬처리 성능에 중요한 요소이며, Myrinet 기반의 PC 클러스터가 고성능 병렬처리 시스템의 한 가지 대안임을 보여 주었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.40.1-40.1
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• 2016

Recent integral-field spectrograph surveys have found that similar-looking early type galaxies have wide range of rotational properties (Emsellem et al. 2007). This finding initiated a new point of view to the galaxies; rotation of galaxy as the first parameter of galaxy classification (Emsellem et al. 2011, Cappellari et al. 2011, for example). Some theoretical studies tried to address the origin of galaxy rotation. Idealized galaxy merger simulations have shown that galaxy-galaxy interactions have significant effects on the rotation of galaxies. Cosmological simulations by Naab et al. 2014 also added some more insights to the rotation of galaxies. However, previous studies either lack cosmological background or have not enough number of samples. Running a set of cosmological hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations using the AMR code RAMSES(Teyssier 2002). we have constructed a sample of thousands of galaxies in 20 clusters. Here we present a kinematic analysis of a large sample of galaxies in the cosmological context. The overall distribution of rotation parameter of simulated galaxies suggests a single peak corresponding to fast rotating galaxies. But when divided by mass, we find a strong mass dependency of galaxy rotation, and massive galaxies are distinctively slow rotating. The cumulated effective of mergers seems to neutralize galaxy rotation as suggested by previous studies (Khochfar et al. 2011, Naab et al. 2014, and Moody et al. 2014). This is consistent with the fact that massive galaxies tend to rotate more slowly after numerous mergers. However, if seen individually, merger can either increase or decrease galaxy rotation depending on mass ratio, orbital parameter, and relative rotation axis of the two galaxies. This explains the existence of some non-slow rotating massive early type galaxies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1990

In order to Investigate the mechanism of the leaf-burning disease of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), studies on the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and the photooxidation of the pigments were carried out in comparison with the ones of soybean (G1ycine max L). The studies were mainly focalized on the effects of light intensity, light intensity, inhibitor and electron donor/acceptor of the Photosynthetic electron transport system. When we measured the amounts of 1O2 generated in the thylakoids of ginseng and soybean by the irradiation of light (300 w/m2) as a function its time. It was identified that a higher amount of 1O2 was formed in the ginseng thylakoid than the case of soybean. A generation ratio of lO2 between ginseng and soybean sltbstantially identical in the range of light intensities 50∼150w/m2 However much higher amount of 1O2 was generated in ginseng by irradiation of strong intensity of light (200 500w/m2). Wave length dependency on the generation of 1O2 and the pigment photooxidation was observed on ginseng thylakoids; red light (600-700 nm) gave a maximum effect in the contrast with blur green light (400-60 nm). When the ginseng thylalioid was treated with the electron donor (Mn2+) and acceptors (DCPIP, FeCy) of the photosynthetic electron transport system. a drastic inhibition of 1O2 generation was observed. However, treatment with its inhibitors (DCMU, KCW) activated 1O2 generation. An interesting fact that an electron donor or acceptor of the photosystem II(P680) Inhibited 1O2 generation, suggests an intimate relationship between 1O2 generation and photosystem II.