• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-212
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• 2017

In order to evaluate the evaluation of bi-national products, this study was classified according to product category similarity. In addition, by comparing the types of stores, we tried to suggest alternatives that can be practically applied to companies producing composite origin products. For this purpose, this study is applied to the analysis of bi-national product by product categories, such as public luxury, public luxury, private luxury, and private necessity, based on the psychological bases of consumers. The types of stores are divided into department store/direct store, outlet/discount store to elaborate measurement. As a result of the verification, it was found that brand evaluation and store evaluation had interactive effects depending on product type and store type. Specifically, in the case of public luxury goods, outlets/discount stores in both brand evaluation and store evaluation showed positive evaluation than department store/direct store. In the case of private necessity, there was no significant difference in brand evaluation, but in store evaluation, department store/direct store was confirmed that they had a relatively positive evaluation than outlets/discount stores. As a result, it was verified that consumers' evaluations can be changed according to the type of sales store for each product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.139-153
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• 2004

The first purpose of this study was to compare the fashion zones and fashion brands on the floors in small and medium volume department store with those of big department stores within adjacent trading area. The second purpose was to find out similarity and differentiation of near-by department stores. The third one was to propose the future fashion marketing strategies of the department stores. The methods used were references, internet, field observation, and interview in 2002. Eight department stores within adjacent trading area were classified and analysed In "Gangnam division", "Seocho division＇. and "Youngdeungpo division". The results were as follows : Firstly, there was a low relationship between the degrees of brand equalization of each department store in the "Gangnam, Seocho. and Youngdeungpo division". Secondly, there was an alteration on the floor layout of each department store. It was layed out in a way that allowed for customers, who wanted to just purchase specific items, to go upstairs and look around several stores, which allowed for not only rise in the amount of sales but also offer the convenience of one stop shopping for the customers. Thirdly I proposed several marketing strategies such as lifestyle marketing, relationship marketing, and compile marketing which solves everyday life agenda. I also proposed the solution selling education to develop service education of salesperson. I finally proposed the overriding priority policy by sales record of each store.licy by sales record of each store.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.161-174
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• 2004

The primary objective of this study was to employ Darden's store patronage model in order to investigate the role that shopping orientation and store attributes play in store patronage. The study sample consisted of 340 female university students residing in Seoul. The data was analyzed by using path analysis and factor analysis. The recreational shopping orientation played a greater role in influencing the importance of store attributes than did the convenience shopping orientation. Recreational shoppers want a variety of brands and convenience shoppers can be attracted by a convenient location and availability of parking. Six important store attributes(variety of products and price level, proximity, variety of trendy brands, store decor, sales promotion, sales personnel) have a differential influence on store patronage. Shopping orientation was a direct predictor of patronage behavior and mediated the relationship between shopping orientation and store attribute importance. The finding indicated that both the recreational shopping orientation and convenience shopping orientation can be used effectively to position store patronage in such a way as to provide a strong means for shoppers to satisfy their needs. The findings of this study demonstrated that South Korean female shoppers with different shopping orientation have different store attribute preference and store patronage. The results provide a basis for building a successful strategy to attract shoppers and generate sales. The study focused on a specific product category, i.e., women's apparel. To meet the needs of female apparel shoppers, further research is needed to learn more about the distinctive characteristics of Korean consumers that could be applied to a variety of jobs, ages and living areas.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.4 s.206
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• pp.65-78
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the desired sportswear benefits on the sportswear image preferences and store patronage according to store type. The subjects were 773 male and female consumers who were residents in Seoul. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, multiple regression, and t-test. The results showed that there were five desired sportswear benefits: figure compensation, status ostentation, comfort, individuality, and youth-orientation. Sportswear image preferences consisted of four factors: innovative, luxurious, simple, and active. Store patronage encompassed department store, franchise store, discount store, wholesale store, internet, TV home shopping, and catalogue. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant effects of desired sportswear benefits on sportswear image preferences and store patronage. For example, the more consumers desired figure compensation/sex appeal benefits from sportswear, the more they preferred innovative, luxurious, and active sportswear images and the stronger was their patronage of department stores. The study also showed differences between male and female consumers in regard to sportwear benefits sought and store image preferences. The implications of the research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

The study was done to provide domestic fashion multi-shops with basic Information about the distribution and the promotion strategies through an investigation the marketing strategies for domestic multi-shop dealt with imported product only. Data were collected from Interview with a buyer or a staff of marketing department of Domestic Fashion Multi-shop dealt with Imported Product only. The results were as follows： For the distribution strategies, these fashion multi-shops as chosen were all placed in department stores. Their distribution channels were diverse like road shop, shop in department store and shop under direct management of department store. In case of shop in department store, it was common that the shop paid a definite commission to the department store. But S shop was managed directly by a department store as an advanced buying system that department store bought and sold goods and held themselves responsible for overstock. For the promotion strategies, these fashion multi-shops didn't make a definite budget for advertising and publicity contrary to other one-brands. But they attached importance to visual merchandising (VMD) because they had to harmonized the concept of a shop with various brands. Also they concentrated on seasonal fashion show, management of their customers and personal sales.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1167-1180
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to take the gauge of the importance-performance of the clothing store attribute in the department store. The survey was administered to customers of department stores in Deajeon city and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and importance-performance analysis were used to analyze the data of 37 clothing store attributes. The findings of this study were as bellows: 1. 8 factors were distracted from 37 clothing store attributes by factor analysis (Factor 1: goods, Factor 2; store's facility and environment, Factor 3; salesman and service, Factor 4; brand, Factor 5; price, Factor 6; store's atmosphere, Factor 7; convenience of the transportation and access, Factor 8; promotion and advertisement) 2. as results of importance-performance analysis, 10 attributes were shown in area I (high importance and high performance) which needed a strategy of Keep Up the Good Work, 6 attributes in area II (low importance but high performance) fitted a strategy of Possible Overkill, 12 attributes in area III (high importance but low performance) corresponded to a strategy of Concentrate Here, and finally a strategy of Low Priority was needed to 9 attributes in area IV (low importance and low performance).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.732-740
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to classify consumers by orientation of clothing shopping and to analyze the type of preference store and recognized environmental elements of clothing shop. This survey was carried out through questionnaires of 312 females(Busan region) in their twenties and the data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test as a post identification and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results of this research can be summarizedas follows: First, orientations of clothing shopping consisted of pleasure shopping orientation, planned shopping orientation, brand shopping orientation, and information of store orientation. The respondents were classified into four groups by these characteristics: high interested shopping group, brand-oriented shopping group, low interested shopping group, and unplanned shopping group. These groups had different type of preference store and there were significantly different preferences among department store, brand agency and regular discount store. The recognized environmental elements of clothing shop were service policy, store atmosphere, store layout, trend of products, product variety, freedom of shopping, and reception service. The groups by characteristics of clothing shopping had different attitude regarding those factors. Especially, they are susceptible to store atmosphere, trend of products and reception service. There was the correlation between type of preference store and environmental elements of store and mainly recognized environmental elements of clothing shop had differences according to type of store.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.48-58
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to examine the effect of perceived service quality and symbolic store image on store loyalty in apparel product purchasing and the moderating effect of hedonic shopping orientation. The questionnaire was administered to 450 women shopped in a department store in Gwang-ju during September, 12-26, 2002. Data collected from 384 women were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA and t-test by SPSS for WIN Program. The results were as follows. First, consumers' perceived service quality was composed of three factors; product & environment service, sales person's customer oriented service, store policy service factor. Consumers' symbolic store image was composed of three factors; status symbol, favorability. credibility (actor. Second, the perceived service quality significantly influenced store loyalty. Third, the symbolic store image significantly influenced store loyalty. Fourth, interaction effect between perceived service quality and hedonic shopping orientation was found out to be meaningful at store loyalty. Fifth, interaction effect between perceived store image and hedonic shopping orientation was found out to be meaningful at store loyalty.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2013

This study investigates the perception of conflict and satisfaction factors by salesperson of department store middle management system. This study was performed through a qualitative research method. An in-depth interview was given to 14 fashion shop managers and salespeople who have three or more years of department store work experience. The results show two categories of factors(factors according to power sources and factors according to job environment) that influence the perception of department store middle management system by fashion product salesperson. The factors(according to power sources) were classified into coercive power, reward power, expert/informational power, and referent power. The factors(according to job environment) were classified into physical environment, work conditions, and regulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.83-94
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clothing consumption value and consumer satisfaction which were based on the purchase places such as department store and market, and to examine the influence of the clothing consumption value and demographic variables on the consumer satisfaction. The subjects were 364 females ranging in ages from twenties to fifties who dwelt in Seoul and in the suburbs of Seoul. Four factors of clothing consumption value derived by factor analysis: 'functional value', 'emotional value', 'epistemic value', and 'conditional value'. The clothing consumption value and satisfaction of shopping system, purchase system, and consumption system of buyers at department store showed higher than that of buyers at market. Emotional value was most important in predicting the consumer satisfaction of buyers at department store, followed by epistemic value (-) and conditional value. Conditional value was most important in predicting the satisfaction of buyers at market, followed by emotional value and the academic background of buyers. Generally the higher the emotional and conditional value, the higher the consumer satisfaction. and the consumer satisfaction was influenced by epistemic value negatively.