• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

The odor problem in the livestock is increasing by 7% annually. Most importantly, the livestock odor problem in swinery accounts for the maximum ratio (54%). In this study, we reviewed the possibility of deodorizing swinery using an odor reduction device that can be used with the water washing system. First, the study confirmed that the solubility of odor gas, which was hydrogen sulfide, was very low regardless of the contact time with solvent, but the solubility of methyl mercaptan was found to increase along with the increase in time. The solubility of other odor gases, such as dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and ammonia, was considerably high. Consequently, it is considered that if the odor reduction device for the water washing system deodorization is used in a swinery, the time during which the exhaust gas is in contact with usable water must be extended, or solvent quantity must be expanded. However, it is predicted that although hydrogen sulfide is easily generated in the anaerobic condition, it is difficult to expect high odor reduction efficiency because this gas has low solubility in water, especially in case it is used in the deodorization of the water washing system. The result of the solubility experiment using the bench-scale device practically manufactured represented the higher odor reduction ratio than expected. This result was possible because the removal efficiency of dust particles could be reached up to 93%. Therefore, it is judged that also the odor gas absorbed on dust particles could be removed by removal of dust. Consequently, it is expected that the higher order reduction ratio will be possible by structural improvement for increasing contact with water and odor gas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1662-1671
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• 2007

The change in physical properties of polypropylene nonwoven fabrics used as top sheet for disposable sanitary goods was carried out using chitosan that is a type of natural polymer and has excellent human affinity by varying the molecular weight and concentration of chitosan. Low molecular weight(LMW) chitosan treated fabrics were found to be evenly coated on fabrics and had better dyeability by apparent dye uptake and its deodorization rate increased over the time. On the other hand, high molecular weight(HMW) chitosan treated fabrics showed higher add-on ratio and its dynamic water absorption rate and represented an increase in water transport rate. With chitosan treatment, its air permeability was improved. Regardless of the type of bacteria and chitosan concentration, its antibacterial activity was excellent in the case of the HMW chitosan treatment. In this regard, chitosan treatments by using a relatively high molecular weight was found as an effective way in the functional improvement of moisture properties and antibacterial activity including their most important performance in sanitary nonwoven fabrics.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.655-668
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• 1994

Conventional deodorization filters using soil and compost reach the capacity limitation of deodorization in short period, because its removal mechanism primarily depends on adsorption. Therefore, in this study the experiment was performed on the removal of ammonia which is a strong inorganic malodor, frequently emitted from night soil treatment plants and sewage treatment plants, by seeding activated sludges on the bio-peat containing higher organic contents, water conservation capacity, permeability and lower pressure drop. As a result, in raw peat filter natural ammonia outlet was observed in consequence of pH increase resulted from ammonia ionizing in liquid phase. Ammonia removal mechanism primarily depended on the adsorption onto the anion colloidal substances in peat. In peat bio-filter, theoretical ammonium salts ratio was higher than that of raw peat, resulted from slight pH increase by microorganism activity, however, the experimetal value of ammonia-nitrogen accumulated in bio-peat was lower than that of raw peat because of nitrification by nitrifying bacteria. In the initial reaction period, adsorption was predominant in the ammonia removal mechanism, but nitrification was conspicuous after the middle period. Mass balance of nitrogen was established using experimental data of input $NH_3$ loading, output $NH_3$ loading, $NH_4{^+}$-N, $NO_x$-N, and Org-N. The critical time of unsteady state, which is the maximum activating point of microorganism in bio-filter, was determined using experimental data, and the ammonia adsorption curve was computed using regression analysis. On the basis of the results obtained by above analysis, the delay days for the saturation of adsoption capacity in peat bio-filter was calculated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.895-900
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• 1998

In order to the effective utility of marine by-product, crude lecithin was isolated from skipjack viscera oil and the lecithin was refined by bleaching and deodorization. Crude lecithin was separated from the skipjack viscera oil degummed with 0.4 ml of citric acid per 100 ml of the oil. Bleaching was effected by adding $5\%$ activated clay and treating for $40^{\circ}C$ for 90 min under vacuum, and deodorization was effectively conducted by steam distillation at $130^{\circ}C$ for 60 min under 4 ton of vacuum. The major fatty acids of the skipjack viscera oil. were 16:0. 18:1 (n-9), 22:6 (n-3), 18:0, and 16:1 (n-7). Crude and refined lecithins contained more aproximately $7\~18\%$ of 22:6 (n-3) than raw oil, the skipjack viscera oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1998

Degummed and bleached soybean oil was deodorized at a temperature range of $220{\sim}280^{\circ}C$ under the vacuum (4-5 torr) for 1 or 2 hrs. Gas chromatography with SP-2560 100 m capillary column was used to separate and quantitate fatty acid methyl esters and their isomers. Fatty acids were identified by comparing retention time with standards and GC-MS spectrum. The isomers of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in deodorized soybean oils were identified to be $C_{18:2}\;{\Delta}9-cis,\;{\Delta}12-trans,\;C_{18:2}\;{\Delta}9-trans,\;{\Delta}12-cis,\;C_{18:2}\;{\Delta}9-cis,\;{\Delta}12-cis,\;C_{18:3}\;{\Delta}9-cis,\;{\Delta}12-cis,\;{\Delta}15-trans,\;C_{18:3}\;{\Delta}9-trans,\;{\Delta}12-cis,\;{\Delta}15-cis,\;C_{18:3}\;{\Delta}9-cis,\;{\Delta}12-trans,\;{\Delta}15-cis,\;and\;C_{18:3}\;{\Delta}9-cis,\;{\Delta}12-cis,\;{\Delta}15-cis$. The formation of trans-fatty acids by deodorization at $240{\sim}280^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs was in the range of 1.78 to 5.74%. Conclusively, the deodorizing conditions of $240^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs or $250^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr were suggested as the best conditions which could minimize the formation of trans isomers of fatty acids in soybean oils.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1286-1290
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• 2004

This study was carried out to screen yeasts effective in reducing odor from pig feces. Three isolates from soil and compost sources were selected to treat pig feces. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, one isolate from compost was Candida rugosa, and two isolates from soil were Candida rugosa and Candida maris. These isolates showed deodorizing activity by reducing the concentration of ${NH}_3$ and R-${NH}_2$. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are the specific malodorous compounds of pig feces, and the Candida maris from soil showed a 100% reduction of butyric, iso-butyric, and iso-valeric acid in 10% pig slurry medium. However, the Candida rugosa from compost showed a 100% reduction of butyric and iso-butyric acid while that from soil showed a 100% reduction of propionic, butyric acid and iso-valeric acid in the medium. Also, these yeasts were effective in reducing $NH_{4}-N$, soluble-N, and biological oxygen demand (BOD).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2018

This study explores the environmentally innovative and low-impact technology, a zero food waste system (ZFWS) that utilizes food waste and converts it into composts or biofuels and curtails carbon emissions. The ZFWS not just achieves food waste reductions but recycles food waste into fertilizer. Based on a fermentation-extinction technique using bio wood chips, the ZFWS was employed in a field experiment of the system installed in a large-scale apartment complex, and the performance of the system was examined. The on-site ZFWS consisted of three primary parts: 1) a food waste slot into which food waste was injected; 2) a fermentation-extinction reactor where food waste was mixed with bio wood chips made up of complex enzyme and aseptic wood chips; and 3) deodorization equipment in which an ultraviolet and ozone photolysis method was employed. The field experiment showed that food waste injected into the ZFWS was reduced by 94%. Overall microbial activity of the food waste in the fermentation-extinction reactor was measured using adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), and the degradation rate of organic compounds, referred to as volatile solids, increased with ATP concentration. The by-products generated from ZFWS comply with the national standard for organic fertilizer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.608-615
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability and functional properties of dyed fabric with the extract of Myrica rubra rind. For this purpose, the ultraviolet and visible spectra of the bark extracts were investigated. The dyeing temperature, dyeing time, mordant type, mordanting order, mordant concentration and dyeability were investigated. The color fastness based on washing, dry-cleaning, rubbing and light were evaluated by the types of Myrica rubra rind extract used. In addition, the deodorization and antibacterial activity were measured, and the functionality of the silk fabric dyed with the extract of the Myrica rubra rind was evaluated. The result shows that the color strength of the dye was excellent when the Myrica rubra rind was dyed at $80^{\circ}C$ for 80 minutes. The mordant dye color strength was high in the order of Fe mordant> Cu mordant> Al mordant. The dyeability of Al and Cu mordant was high during pre-mordanting compared to Fe mordant, and the dyeability of Fe mordant was high during post-mordanting than Cu and Al mordant. The deodorant property of the dyed fabric stained with the Myrica rubra rind extract was 92.4% and that of antibacterial property was 99.9% for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2010

Fucoidans, polysaccharides that are composed of fucose, uronic acids, galactose and xylose, are one of the main constituents of brown seaweeds. For the past decade algal fucoidans have been extensively studied due to their biological activities including anticoagulant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, contraceptive and antiviral activities. Even though fucoidan is known as a highly functionality derivative, its industrial applications have been limited because of low inclusion efficiency and high cost of manufacturing. Furthermore the sea-weed smell of fucoidan has been a limiting factor for the application especially in food and cosmetic area. The potential application of various extraction technology and deodorization of sea-weed smell is highly required for a wider application of fucoidan. As an alternative extraction process, enzymatic hydrolysis process or ultra-high pressure treatment has been investigated for the improvement of production yield and bioefficacy of fucoidan. More intensive research on the fucoidan production technology and its application in nutraceutical and cosmoceutical area is needed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-95
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• 2015

In this study, the properties such as color, dye uptake and antibacterial function were examined through the application of combination dyeing and mixed dyeing with extracts from Humulus japonicus(hwansam) and the pruned branches of Prunus persica(peach) tree. In terms of dye uptake and surface color changes subject to the kind of mordants, methods and mixing ratio of dye, it was found that fabrics dyed by the pre-mordanting method with $CuSO_4$ showed the red green yellow group colors, which were not seen in fabrics dyed with hwansam only. Color fastness was found strong at grade 4-5 with 96.3% of UV protection ratio. While the fastness to light was as fair as grade 3, it showed an excellent result of 99.9% bacteria reduction rate against Staphylococcus aureus with fair 58% deodorization rate and 21.2% antibacterial rate against Klebsiella pneumoniae. As stated above, the combination and mixed dyeing resulted in the meaningful outcomes with regard to color variations, dye uptake, color fastness and functional properties.