• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of desensitizer on shear bond strength of adhesive resin cements for all ceramic crown. For this study, Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) and MS $Coat^{(R)}$(Sun medical, Japan) were used as desensitizer, and Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement(Tokuyama, Japan) and Variolink $II^{(R)}$ resin cement (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) were used. IPS Empress ceramics were bonded to dentin surfaces after application of desensitizer and shear bond strength of specimens were measured using UTM(Zwick 1456 41. Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength of both resin cements were not affected by Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$ containing HEMA 2. The shear bond strength of Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement was significantly decreased by MS $Coat^{(R)}$. 3. The failure mode in MS $Coat^{(R)}-Bistite \;II^{(R)}$ group was mainly adhesive type between dentin and resin cement. but that of Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$-Variolink $II^{(R)}$ group was mainly mixed type, combined adhesive failures between dentin and resin cement or porcelain and resin cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 1997

Recently composite resin luting cement have been widely used according as esthetic requirement was increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of shear bond strength of four resin cements to bovine dentin. The materials used in this study were All-Bond 2(dentin bonding agent), Duolink cement, Bistite resin cement, Twinlook cement, Clearfil CR inlay cement. A total 40 acrylic cylinders with bovine dentin were divided into four groups. Four experimental groups were as follows; Group l(AB) : Specimens bonded with All-Bond 2 and Duolink Cement Group 2(BT) : Specimens bonded with Bistite Resin Cement Group 3(TL) : Specimens bonded with Twinlook Cement Group 4(CR) : Specimens bonded with Clearfil CR Inlay Cement Mter 1 hour of bonding, all specimens were stored for 24 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron universal testing machine between bovine dentin and resin cements. The data were evaluated statistically at the 95% confidence level with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's range statistics. The following results obtained; 1. The group l(AB) was highest shear bond strength and the group 3(TL) was 10west(p>0.05). 2. Group 2(BT), 4(CR) were similar shear bond strength and there was no significant difference(p<0.05). 3. Group 1(AB), 4(CR) with acid etching were showed resin tags on the opened dentinal tubules, but Group 2(BT), 3(TL) without acid etching were not showed resin tags. 4. Group l(AB) was showed intimate adaptation than other groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate or delayed composite resin filling on dentinal microtensile bond strength (${\mu}TBS$) after applied the adhesive. The coronal dentin of human third molars was exposed. Single-Bond or One-Step was applied on the dentin surfaces. and composite resin were constructed immediately (group 1) or 5min., 10min., 15min., 20min. and 30min. (groups 2-6) after an adhesive was applied. The specimens were sectioned and made bar-shaped. Each surface area of them was about $1\textrm{mm}^2$. The ${\mu}TBS$ test was performed by EZ test. The results were analysed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 95% significance level. The results suggested that the ${\mu}TBS$ of Single-Bond to dentin was decreased when the composite resin was constructed 20min. and 30min. after Single-Bond was applied. But the ${\mu}TBS$ of One-Step was not affected by delayed composite resin filling.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the tensile bond strength of several self-adhesive resin cements bonded to dentin surfaces with different wet conditions. Three self-adhesive resin cements: Rely-X Unicem (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN. USA). Embrace Wetbond (Pulpdent. Oakland. MA. USA). Maxcem (Kerr. Orange. CA. USA) were used. Extracted sixty human molars were used. Each self-adhesive resin cement was adhered to the dentin specimens (two rectangular sticks from each molar) in different wet conditions. Tensile bond strength were measured using universal testing machine (EZ Test. Shimadzu corporation. Kyoto. Japan) at a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min. After the testing. bonding failures of specimens were observed by Operative microscope (OPMI pro, Carl Zeiss. Oberkochen, Germany). T-test was used to evaluate the effect of dentin surface wetness. One-way ANOVA test was used to evaluate the tensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements in the same condition. Scheffe's test was used for statistical analyzing at the 95% level of confidence. The result showed that wetness of dentin surface didn't affect tensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements and Maxcem showed the lowest tensile bond strength.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.567-567
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple application of all-in-one dentin adhesive system on microtensile bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope and microtensile bond strength test. The dentin surface of human molars, sectioned to remove the enamel from the occlusal surface were prepared. In group I, Scotchbond Multipurpose(SM, 3M ESPE) was applied by manufature's recommended. In group II, after the all-in-one adhesive, Adper Prompt L-Pop was applied for 15s, and light cured for 10s, the second coat was re-applied and light-cured.(omitted)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.560-568
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• 2007

This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength of primary enamel & dentin treated by AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ and G $Bond^{TM}$, recently developed 6th generation dentin bonding system, to that of Single $Bond^{TM}$ being widely used. Also by observing the resin tag under scanning electron microscope, Resin tags of each material were also observed under scanning electron microscope and compared to one another. The possibility of clinical application of All-in-One system which has an advantage to reduce chair-time for children with difficult behavior pattern was evaluated. The results obtained are as follows: 1. No statistically significant difference between groups was found in shear bond strength of primary enamel. 2. In primary dentin, the shear bond strength of AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ was $1.15\;{\pm}\;0.37\;MPa$, G $Bond^{TM}$ was $1.69\;{\pm}\;0.74\;MPa$ and Single $Bond^{TM}$ was $0.56\;{\pm}\;0.11\;MPa$. There were no statistical difference between AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ and G $Bond^{TM}$ and between G $Bond^{TM}$ and Single $Bond^{TM}$, whereas statistically significant difference was found between AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ and Single $Bond^{TM}$. 3. Under scanning electron microscope, resin tags observed in AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ and G $Bond^{TM}$ were very weak and tangled while strong and thick tags were shown with many lateral branches in Single $Bond^{TM}$. The result of the present study coupled with the advantages of less working time over the previous generation suggests that All-in-One system might be effectively used in adhesive dental procedures for primary teeth.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2004

Objectives : In the unique metal iris method. the developing interfacial gap at the cavity floor resulting from the cavity wall property during polymerizing composite resin might affect the nominal shear bond strength values. The aim of this study is to evaluate that the iris method reduces the cohesive failure in the substrates and the cavity wall property effects on the shear bond strength tests using iris method. Materials and Methods : The occlusal dentin of 64 extracted human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups to simulate two different levels of cavity wall property (metal and dentin iris) and two different materials ($ONE-STEP^{\circledR}$ and $ALL-BOND^{\circledR}$ 2) for each wall property. After positioning the iris on the dentin surface. composite resin was packed and light-cured. After 24 hours the shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture analysis was performed using a microscope and SEM. The data was analyzed statistically by a two-way ANOV A and t-test. Results : The shear bond strength with metal iris was significant higher than those with dentin iris (p＝0.034). Using $ONE-STEP^{\circledR}$, the shear bond strength with metal iris was significant higher than those with dentin iris (p＝0.005), but not in $ALL-BOND^{\circledR}$ 2 (p＝0.774). The incidence of cohesive failure was very lower than other shear bond strength tests that did not use iris method. Conclusions：The iris method may significantly reduce the cohesive failures in the substrates. According to the bonding agent systems. the shear bond strength was affected by the cavity wall property.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.14
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate solution (Punica granatum) on eroded dentin through antioxidant action, shear bond strength (SBS) and interface morphology. Materials and Methods: The 10% pomegranate peel extract was prepared by the lyophilization method. Punicalagin polyphenol was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by capturing the 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. For the SBS, 48 dentin fragments were divided into sound or eroded, and subdivided according to the pretreatment (n = 12): water or P. granatum. The surfaces were restored with self-etch adhesive and a bulk-fill resin (Ecosite; DMG). The SBS was done immediately (24 hours) and after thermal cycling + water storage (12 months). For scanning electron microscopy, 48 dentin fragments (24 sound and 24 eroded) received the same treatments as for SBS (n = 6), and they were analyzed after 24 hours and 12 months. Results: The P. granatum had antioxidant action similar (p = 0.246) to the phenolic standard antioxidants. After 24 hours, eroded dentin had lower SBS than sound dentin (p < 0.001), regardless of the pretreatment. After 12 months, P. granatum maintained the SBS of sound dentin (13.46 ± 3.42 MPa) and eroded dentin (10.96 ± 1.90 MPa) statistically similar. The lowest values were found on eroded dentin treated with water (5.75 ± 1.65 MPa) (p < 0.001). P. granatum on eroded dentin caused peritubular demineralization and hybrid layer with resin tags. Conclusions: The pomegranate extract had antioxidant action and preserved the adhesive interface of the eroded dentin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

One of the latest concepts in bonding are "total etch", in which both enamel and dentin are etched with an acid to remove the smear layers, and "wet dentin" in which the dentin is not dry but left moist before application of the bonding primer Ideally the application of a bonding agent to tooth structure should be insensitive to minor contamination from oral fluids. Clinically, contaminations such as saliva, gingival fluid, blood and handpiece lubricant are often encountered by dentists during cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contamination by hemostatic agents on shear bond strength of compomer restorations. One hundred and ten extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were collected. The teeth were removed soft tissue remnant and debris and stored in physiologic solution until they were used. Small flat area on dentin of the buccal surface were wet ground serially with 400, 800 and 1200 abrasive papers on automatic polishing machine. The teeth were randomly divided into 11 groups. Each group was conditioned as follows : Group 1: Dentin surface was not etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 2: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$(Ultradent product Inc., Utah, U.S.A.) Group 3: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$(Jeil Pharm, Korea.). Group 4: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$(Epr Industries, NJ, U.S.A.). Group 5: Dentin surface was etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 6: Dentin sorface was etched and contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$. Group 7 : Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$. Group 8: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$. Group 9: Dentin surface was contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 10: Dentin surface was contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 11 : Dentin surface was contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. After surface conditioning, F2000$^{\circledR}$ was applicated on the conditoned dentin surface The teeth were thermocycled in distilled water at 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$ for 1,000 cycles. The samples were placed on the binder with the bonded compomer-dentin interface parallel to the knife-edge shearing rod of the Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany) running at a cross head speed or 1.0 mm/min. Group 2 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 1 and group 6 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 5. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group 5 and group 9, 10 and 11.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch-and-rinse technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human third molars (N=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=30 per group). Conventional (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray-PAN) and self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA, Kuraray-CSA) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch-and-rinse (35% $H_3PO_4$ + ED Primer) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Overall, PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength ($12.5{\pm}2.3-14.1{\pm}2.4$ MPa) than CSA cement ($9.3{\pm}1.4-13.9{\pm}1.9$ MPa) (P<.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive (68%) or no adhesive at all (66%). Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions. CONCLUSION. In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial, both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch-and-rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period.