• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smear layer management on the interfacial morphology between dentin bonding system and dentin. Clearfil New Bond, Scotchbond Multipurpose, Prisma Universal Bond 3 and X-R Bond were used on the cervical dentinal surfaces of bovine incisor teeth. All of the dentin bonding systems were labeled with fluorescene in primer and rhodamine B in adhesive. Specimens of 2~3mm thichness were prepared by longitudinal and labiolingual sectioning. The interface between dentin bonding system and dentin was observed by flouresence imaging with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Following results were obtained. 1. In the specimen of Clearfil New Bond, dentinal tubules were widened by destruction of peritubular dentin in the course of treatment with phosphoric acid of high concentration. 2. Hybrid layer was observed in the specimen of Scotchbond Multipurpose and X-R Bond. 3. In the specimen of Prisma Universal Bond 3, the penetraton of adhesive was not observed clearly.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.609-609
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• 2003

I. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive property on microtensile bond strength and to determine the failure mode. II. Materials and Methods Flat occlusal dentin surfaces were prepared using low-speed diamond saw. The dentin was etched with 37% phosphoric acid. The following adhesives were applied to the etched dentin according to manufacturer's directions；Scotchbond Multi-Purpose in group 1, Primer＆Bond NT in group 2, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose followed by Tetric-flow in group 3. After adhesive application, a cylinder of resin-based composite was built up the occlusal surface.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2015

Objectives: This study determined the effect of the air-stream application time and the bonding technique on the dentin bond strength of adhesives with different solvents. Furthermore, the content and volatilization rate of the solvents contained in the adhesives were also evaluated. Materials and Methods:Three adhesive systems with different solvents (Stae, SDI, acetone; XP Bond, Dentsply De Trey, butanol; Ambar, FGM, ethanol) were evaluated. The concentrations and evaporation rates of each adhesive were measured using an analytical balance. After acid-etching and rinsing, medium occlusal dentin surfaces of human molars were kept moist (conventional) or were treated with 10% sodium hypochlorite for deproteinization. After applying adhesives over the dentin, slight air-stream was applied for 10, 30 or 60 sec. Composite cylinders were built up and submitted to shear testing. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Stae showed the highest solvent content and Ambar the lowest. Acetone presented the highest evaporation rate, followed by butanol. Shear bond strengths were significantly affected only by the factors of 'adhesive' and 'bonding technique' (p < 0.05), while the factor 'duration of air-stream' was not significant. Deproteinization of dentin increased the bond strength (p < 0.05). Stae showed the lowest bond strength values (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between XP Bond and Ambar. Conclusions: Despite the differences in content and evaporation rate of the solvents, the duration of air-stream application did not affect the bond strength to dentin irrespective of the bonding technique.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.493-504
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the compatibility between 4 dentin adhesives and 4 resin luting cements. Dentin adhesives used in this study were All-Bond 2 (Bisco Inc., Schaumbrug, IL, USA), Clearfil SE-Bond (Kuraray Medical Inc, Osaka, Japan), Prompt L-Pop (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama corp., Tokyo, Japan) Resin luting cements used in this study were Choice (Bisco Inc., Schaumbrug, IL, USA), Panavia F (Kuraray Medical Inc, Osaka, Japan), RelyX ARC (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) Bistite II DC (Tokuyama corp., Tokyo, Japan). Combination of each dentin adhesive and corresponding resin cement was made to 16 experimental groups. Flat dentin surfaces was created on mid-coronal dentin of extracted mandibular third molars, then dentin surface was polished with 320-grit silicon carbide abrasive papers. Indirect resin composite block (Tescera, Bisco) was fabricated. Its surface for bonding to tooth was polished with silicon carbide abrasive papers Each dentin adhesive was treated on tooth surface and resin composite overlay were luted with each resin cement. Each bonded specimen was poured in epoxy resin and sectioned occluso-gingivally into 1.0mm thick slab, then further sectioned into $1.0{\times}1.0mm^2$ composite-dentin beams. Microtensile bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests The results of this study were as follows, 2-step self-etching dentin adhesive which has additional bonding resin is more comparison than tests. self-etching dentin adhesive.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2019

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of dentin pretreatment with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microshear bond strength (${\mu}SBS$) durability of different adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: Occlusal surfaces of 120 human molars were ground to expose flat dentin surfaces. The specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 20). Three groups (A, B, and C) were bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) and the other groups (D, E, and F) were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond (SEB). Dentin was pretreated with CHX in groups B and E, and with SNPs in groups C and F. The specimens were restored with Z250 composite. Half of the bonded surfaces in each group underwent ${\mu}SBS$ testing after 24 hours and the other half was tested after 6 months of water storage. Results: SNP application was associated with a higher ${\mu}SBS$ than was observed in the CHX and control groups for SEB after 24 hours (p < 0.05). A significantly lower ${\mu}SBS$ was observed when no dentin pretreatment was applied compared to dentin pretreatment with CHX and SNPs for SB after 24 hours (p < 0.05). The ${\mu}SBS$ values of the 6-month specimens were significantly lower than those obtained from the 24-hour specimens for all groups (p < 0.05). This decrease was much more pronounced when both adhesives were used without any dentin pretreatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions: SNPs and CHX reduced the degradation of resin-dentin bonds over a 6-month period for both adhesive systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile bonds strength (${\mu}TBS$) of resin core with two adhesive systems to dentin in endodontic cavities. Materials and Methods: Flat dentinal surfaces in 40 molar endodontic cavities were treated with self-etch adhesive system, Contax (DMG) and total-etch adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) after the following surface treatments: (1) Priming only (Contax), (2) CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Contax), (3) Etching with priming (Adper Single Bond 2), (4) Etching + CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Adper Single Bond 2). Resin composite build-ups were made with LuxaCore (DMG) using a bulk method and polymerized for 40 sec. For each condition, half of specimens were submitted to ${\mu}TBS$ after 24 hr storage and half of them were submitted to thermocycling of 10,000 cycles between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ before testing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 95%. Results: CHX pre-treatment did not affect the bond strength of specimens tested at the immediate testing period, regardless of dentin surface treatments. However, after 10,000 thermocycling, all groups showed reduced bond strength. The amount of reduction was greater in groups without CHX treatments than groups with CHX treatment. These characteristics were the same in both self-etch adhesive system and total-etch adhesive system. Conclusions: 2% CHX application for 15 sec proved to alleviate the decrease of bond strength of dentin bonding systems. No significant difference was shown in ${\mu}TBS$ between total-etching system and self-etching system.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.958-966
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• 2015

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) decreases the bond strength of resin composite. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of antioxidant and superficial dentin surface removal on the microtensile bond strength of NaOCl-treated dentin. Materials and Methods: Twenty non-carious human third molars were used in this study. The dentin surfaces were treated with 5.25% NaOCl for 10 min, followed either by treatment with 10% ascorbic acid or superficial dentin surface removal. Two-step self-etch adhesive and resin composite were used for restoration. The bonded specimens were subjected to the microtensile bond strength test. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: The bond strength after removal of the superficial dentin surface following NaOCl irrigation was similar to that in the control group. The group treated with 10% ascorbic acid demonstrated significantly higher bond strength than the other groups. Conclusion: NaOCl irrigation-induced reduction in dentin bond strength could be recovered by either treatment with 10% ascorbic acid or simple removal of the superficial dentin surface.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.222-231
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength and interfacial pattern of composite bond-ed to dentin using self-etching adhesive systems. Sixty extracted human molars with exposed occlusal dentin were divided into four groups and bonded with four adhesives and composites. Single Bond/Filtek Z 350(SB), Tyrian SPE-One-Step Plus/Aelitefil(TY), Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z 250(LP), and One-Up Bond F/palfique Toughwell(OU). The results of this study were as follows; 1 Shear bond strength for OU was significantly lower than that of other groups(p＜0.05). No significant difference was founded among SB, TY, and LP. 2. Failure modes to dentin showed adhesive and mixed for SB TY and LP, but them for OU showed adhesive in all spceimens. 3. Dentin-resin interface showed close adaptation for SB, TY, and LP, but it showed gap for OU. 4. The hybrid layers for TY, LP OU were thinner than that of SB. Adhesive layers were observed between composite and hybrid layer, which were 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick for TY and 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick for OU.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.280-288
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to assess comparatively the shear bond strength on dentin of four dentin bonding agents used in conjunction with light-curing composite resins. Clearfil New Bond, Scotchbond Multipurpose Dentin Adhesive, All-Bond 2 and X-R Bond were applicated on labial dentin surfaces just below dentin - enamel juction of bovine incisor teeth. After shear bond strength testing with the universal testing machine, the bonding interface of the specimens were observed under light stereomicroscope. Following results were obtained. 1. The shear bond strength was high in the order of B,C,D,A and group B Scotchbond Multipurpose Dentine Adhesive revealed greater bond strength than Clearfil New Bond and X-R Bond. (p<.001) 2. When using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, there were statistical differences among the four groups, except between group Band C,group D and A. 3. There was no relationship between mode of failure and shear bond strength.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.505-516
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• 1996

The effects of application of dentin desensitizer containing glutaraldehyde (Gluma Desensitizer) and dentin adhesive system (All Bond 2) to the exposed dentin on the intradental nerve activity (INA) and the occluding aspects of dentinal tubules were investigated in cat canine teeth. Single pulp nerve units were dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve and indentified as $A{\delta}$-fiber units. The INAs elicited by 4M NaCl before and after the application of each experimental agent were compared. The morphological changes of exposed dentin surfaces and dentinal tubules in the dentin specimens used to record INAs were observed by SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Eight $A{\delta}$-fiber units (conduction velocity: $8.0{\pm}4.0m$/sec) were identified. 4M NaCl evoked an irregular burst of action potentials which ceased immediately after washing. 2. In 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units, the change of INA after the application of Gluma Desensitizer was $133.9{\pm}80.7%$ when it was compared with the INA before the application of the same agent. 3. In 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units, application of All Bond 2 completely abolished the INA induced by 4M NaCl. 4. In specimens applied with Gluma Desensitizer, the formation of hybrid layer as well as the identification of resin penetration and reaction products with proteins in dentinal tubules were not clearly observed in interface between dentin and adhesive resin. In specimens applied with All Bond 2, the gap width of 2-$3{\mu}m$ was formed between exposed dentin and adhesive resin, and the hybrid layer and resin tags were not clearly formed either.