• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to assess the children's mean number of decayed or filled primary teeth in relation to their mother's oral health behavior and then to increase children's oral health. Methods : The 346 children and their mothers were selected for this study. The children were 4 or 7 years old in the 4 dental clinics in Busan and Kyungnam, Korea. Data were collected by examination on children and self-administrated questionnaire on their mothers. The questionnaire was surveyed mother's oral health behaviour and children experienced dental caries or not and the number of decayed or filled they had were used as outcome variables. Results : 1. The mother's education level affected children's dft index significantly(p<0.05), In the case of tooth brushing method of children, the group with circle teeth wipes shows the low dft index(p<0.01). 2. On the other hand the group with snack as food eaten between meals has high dft index(p<0.001). 3. The group with mother's visiting to dentist within recent 1 year, experience in removing plaque or willing to attend the oral health education show low dft index(p<0.05). The important variables affecting to dft index are experience with oral health education, tooth brushing guidance, replacement of toothbrushes, the kind of food eaten between meals, recent experience of plaque removal and willing to participating in the oral health class. Conclusions : This study showed that the mother's oral health behavior and concern play an important role for the prevention of preschooler's dental caries. Dental health education would be focused on the mothers, expecially for the practice of preventive behavior by preschools themselves.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health and hygiene in the neurosurgical patients in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods: The subjects were 92 neurosurgical patients in intensive care unit(ICU) from March, 2011 to December, 2012. The oral examination consisted of number of residual teeth, DMFT index, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, plague index, and Candida species colony of tongue and saliva. Plaque was inoculated from tongue and saliva and incubated in 36.5C incubator for 48 hours using $Dentocult^{(R)}$ CA(Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland). Glasgow coma scale(GCS) was measured to evaluate the consciousness of the patients on the basis of medical record. Results: Oral health was poor in clinical attachment loss and gingival index. Oral hygiene in neurosurgical patients in ICU was very poor due to high plaque index and Candida colonization of tongue and saliva. Plague index was closely related to Candida colonization of tongue and saliva(p<0.05). Conclusions: Oral health and hygiene of patients in neurosurgical ICU were very poor. More careful oral hygiene care is very important and necessary to enhance the oral health improvement of the neurosurgical patients in ICU.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the modified plaque score (MPS) for assessing the oral hygiene status of periodontitis patients. Methods: A total of 116 patients were included in this study. After evaluation of the $L{\ddot{o}}e$ and Silness gingival index (GI), Silness and $L{\ddot{o}}e$ plaque index (PlI), O'Leary plaque control record (PCR), and MPS, patients were randomly assigned to either a conventional tooth brushing instruction (C-TBI) group (n=56) or a professional intraoral tooth brushing instruction (P-TBI) group (n=60). The MPS and clinical parameters were re-evaluated after scaling and a series of root planing. The convergent validity of MPS with the PlI and PCR was assessed. The measurement time for MPS and PCR was compared according to the proficiency of the examiner. Results: After root planing, the GI, PlI, PCR, and MPS improved from their respective baseline values in both groups. Three different plaque indices including the MPS, showed significant differences between the C-TBI group and the P-TBI group after root planing. The MPS showed significant concurrence with the PCR and PlI. The mean time for PCR measurement was $2.76{\pm}0.71$ times longer than that for MPS measurement after 2 weeks of training. Conclusions: MPS seems to be a practical plaque scoring system compared with the PlI and PCR. These findings suggest that repetitive plaque control combined with an easily applicable plaque index (MPS) may facilitate more effective oral hygiene education and improved periodontal health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

Objectives : Since the program about sodium lauryl sulfate that might cause oral dryness and taste change including oral tissue allergy was on the air, the ingredients of D.I.Y dentifrices without sodium lauryl sulfate have been sold in online shopping mall and ordinary people can make the dentifrices easily. But there have not been any reports about the effect of dental plaque removal and preference about D.I.Y dentifrices. Therefore, this study was designed as a pilot study which aimed to investigate the effect of dental plaque removal and prefernece about D.I.Y dentifrices. Methods : 6 subjects were collected to test the effect of dental plaque removal with D.I.Y dentifrices with written consent. They didn't brushed the teeth during 12 hours until the check-up time on the next day. The O'leary index was calculated in baseline, 1 minute, 2 minute, 3 minute after brusing with D.I.Y dentifrices and market dentifrices. The preference about D.I.Y dentifrices through self-administered questionnaire was surveyed in 51 subjects after using D.I.Y dentifrices. Results : 1. The market dentifrices could remove larger amount of dental plaque than D.I.Y dentifrices, but, it wasn't significant. 2. In feeling refreshment, the market dentifrices had more positive answers significantly. 3. In feeling taste change, the market dentifries had more duration of taste change significantly. 4. In feeling oral dryness, the market dentifrices had more duration of oral dryness after toothbrushing. but, it wasn't significant. 5. As a result about reviewing the dental journals about ingredients of D.I.Y dentirices, green tea, sodium carbonate, bamboo salt, propolis had each evidence. But, We could not find out the evidences of calculus adhesion by corn starch, preservative by napri, disinfectant of peppermint. Conclusions : Although we cannot find the difference of the effect of dental plaque removal between D.I.Y dentifrices and market dentifrices, and D.I.Y dentifrices have the merits of decrease of oral dryness and taste change, it was suggested to have another test about stability and safety of D.I.Y dentifrices for safety of the user of D.I.Y dentifrices.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

The present study purposed to prevent oral diseases and to improve oral health in children. For this purpose, we selected 70 cases who are 5~7 years old preschoolers at the kindergarten affiliated to G College in Gyeongsangbukdo, and analyzed the general patterns of oral care and the relation of the patterns with dental plaque and deciduous dental caries in the children. Specifically, we conducted oral examination and applied pit and fissure sealant according to the eruption of deciduous molar and first molar. In addition, we executed the 1st and 2nd tooth brushing instruction (TBI), and surveyed S-OHI and PHP twice. Excluding 14 preschoolers who did not appear in the 2nd survey, we performed the study with 56 preschoolers and drew conclusions as follows. 1. The number of decayed or missed or filled teeth among deciduous teeth was 3 or more in 42.9% of female children, and 46.4% of male children, so male children showed a slightly higher rate. 2. The degree of dental plaque formation was $1.64{\pm}1.22$ among the surveyed children. 3. The oral health index was lower after TBI than before in all the children (P<.001). 4. Change in the oral health index was particularly larger in 7 year old female children (p<.005). 5. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in both the buccal surface and lingual surface of the children (p<.005). 6. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in all of male children's teeth except the right maxillary first deciduous molar (p<.001).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between cause and the element of mouth odor through measurement and identification of mouth odor and is to apply to effective method for elimination of halitosis, Subjects were 150 people who visited Dong Pusan College and lived in Pusan Cross-sectional survey was used and mouth odor was measured by Oralchroma. Oral examination proceeded with status of tongue plaque distribution and calculus index, Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 13.0 for window Among 150 people, 67.3% subjects thought they had halitosis, 89.3% people felt that their mouth odor were the severest as soon as wake-up, Tongue was serious place for halitosis by 53.3% subjects Methylmercaptan and dimethyl sulfide showed the highest correlation by 0.549 index score, Moreover, methyl mercaptan was observed the correlation with brushing time in 0.190 index score and with food intake in 0.177(P<0.05). In conclusion, brushing time and food intake were correlated with mouth odor.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.411-422
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• 1993

Osseointegrated dental implants are now an accepted part of the prosthetic treatment of fully and partially edentulous patients. Clinical studies have shown that osseointegrated dental implants may successfully be used as abutments for prosthetic rehabilitations, and that the supporting tissue can be kept in a stable and healthy clinical state for prolonged periods of time. The purpose of this study was to look for differences in the distribution in the bacterial morphotypes around natural teeth and osseointegrated dental implants. The subgingival plaque around natural teeth and implants was analysed by means of differential phase-contrast microscopy. In addition, clinical indices used to analyse natural teeth condition were used to compare the condition of natural teeth and implants. The results were as follows : 1. In implants of partially edentulous patients, the plaque index, sulcus bleeding index(P<0.05), pocket depth(P<0.01) were greater than natural teeth. 2. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was not significantly different between natural teeth and implants. 3. In implants of fully edentulous patients, the plaque index was greater than natural teeth(P<0.01) and implants of partially edentulous patients(P<0.05), but sulcus bleeding index was not significantly different. 4. In partially edentulous patient, coccoid cell proportion was greater in implants than natural teeth (P<0.05). 5. In implants of fully edentulous patients, coccid cell proportion was even greater than implants of partially edentulous patients(P<0.05) and natural teeth(P<0.01). 6. Among three groups, the proportions of non-motile rods, motile rods, spirochetes and others were not significantly different. 7. The proportion of motile bacteria was not significantly different among three group.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a chewing gum containing 70% xylitol and 0.23% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract to remove dental plaque and reduce gingivitis when used as a supplement to daily toothbrushing for 3 weeks. The study group consisted of 75 adults with moderate gingvitis. Participants were divided into 3 groups(contol 1 group - Gum base, contol 2 group - 70% Xylitol, experiment group - 70% xylitol and 0.23% xanthorrhizol) and instructed to chew the study gum for 3 times daily for 3 weeks in addition to regular daily toothbrushing. Chewing xylitol/xanthorrhizol gum significantly reduced plaque index with significant difference by week 3(p<0.01). Gingival index and bleeding on probing were decreased in xy/ Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract group by 35.9% and 31.65% each in the same period. No adverse effects on the oral tissues were observed in any of the participants for the duration of the study. In conclusion, regular use of a chewing gum containing 70% xylitol and 0.23% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract appears safe and effective for the removal of dental plaque and reduction of gingivitis when used in conjunction with daily toothbrushing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 1994

Active treatment of periodontal disease consists of plaque control by the patient, with root planing and surgery perfomed by the dental practitioner. Chlorhexidine rinse has been the most effective antiplaque agent available today and tetracycline has been the most favored antibiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was compared the different effect among groups(saline mouthrinse[group I], 0.125% chlorhexidine mouthrinse [groupII], and 0.125% chlorhexidine mouthrinse containing tetracycline[groupIII]) during the immediate post periodontal therapy. We assessed plaque index, gingival index, papillary bleediing index, gingival crevicular volume, periodontal attachment loss, and periodontal pocket depth in 3 sites per subject. The assessment was made at baseline. At 1 week after scaling, and at 2 weeks after curettage. All groups were clinically and statistically reduced plaque score, gingival score, papillary bleeding score, and gingival crevicular volume at 2 weeks after curettage. Group II was significantly reduced periodontal pocket depth.(P<0.05) At 1 week after scaling, al clinical index scores were reduced but not singificantly difference between the groups.(p>0.05) At 2 weeks after curettage, plaque score, gingival score and papillary bleeding score were significantly difference between the groups.(P<0.05) During the experimental period, gingiva was not damaged and stain of the tongue or teeth were not noted in all groups.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of the trial was to study the effect of plaque control(tooth brushing instruction) for oral health improvement on periodontitis patients. Methods : 30 patients(35~65 years) with advanced periodontal disease were subjected to a baseline examination including assessment of oral hygiene status(O'leary index), gingival condition(bleeding). the assessment were repeated after 2, 4, 6 weeks. cognitive, behavioral and clinical outcomes were assessed in the primary care setting by questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Results : The oral hygiene status expressed as the individual mean percentage of tooth surfaces with plaque 59.3% at baseline and 21.2% after 6 weeks(p<0.001). The gingival bleeding status expressed as the individual mean point of interdental papilla 3.8 at baseline and 1.9 after 6 weeks(p<0.001). Also, the patients self-assessment about correct tooth brushing behavior was 3.9(5-point likert scales), satisfaction of plan practices 4.1(5-point likert scales), efficacy of tooth brushing instruction 8.7(10-point likert scales). Patients wanted to continuous participation. Conclusions : A verification of effect after individualized oral health instruction and repeated dental plaque control represented to significance on plaque control score, oral care practice and oral health recognition. The important oral care step against periodontal disease is to establish good oral health habits. Also, oral health behavior recognition is more important for the practice of oral health. Therefore professional plaque control and tooth brushing instruction absolutely need in improving oral health.