• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.371-388
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of incremental dental care(IDC) program on kindergarten children. Methods : The subjects were 46 kindergarten children aged 6 who wished participation in IDC program during 5 weeks at oral health center in G-college from March to May, 2012. The data of subjects were examined into oral conditions such as toothbrushing method and frequency, modified O'leary plaque index and dental caries activity before and after IDC program. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical package version 19.0. Results : 1. The rolling and fones methods of toothbrushing increased from 10.8% to 91.3% after IDC program(p<.001). The change of toothbrushing frequency showed that over 3 times a day increased from 52.2% to 76.0% after IDC program(p<.01). 2. The modified O'leary plaque index of before toothbrushing education increased from 1st visit(score 32.19) to 5th visit(score 57.14) and after toothbrushing education increased from 1st visit(score 64.45) to 5th visit(score 78.27) during IDC program(p<.001). 3. As a results of dental caries activity test before and after IDC program, it was found that the bacterial numbers in S.mutans and Latobacillus reduced from 0.74, 0.70 to 0.28, 0.41 (p<.01) and the saliva buffering capacity increased from 1.50 to 2.02(p<.001). Conclusions : It is considered very necessary that IDC program should be maintained and extended to dental clinic so as to enhance the oral health state of kindergarten children.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

Objectives: Smoking is related to periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of professional tooth cleaning and plaque control instruction (PT & PCI) for smoking behavior. Methods: A total of 151 adults were investigated using the O'Leary Plaque Index (PI), $L\ddot{o}e$ & Silness gingival index (GI) and the number of sextants possessing periodontal pocket (SPP). And adults were given a through dental scaling and Watanabe method for dental plaque control. Follow up examination were conducted after 3 months and compared the pre and post- status. The collected data were analyzed with t-test, paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Regardless of smoking behavior, improving effects were identified after PT & PCI on PI, GI and SPP in the whole population. However, the effects of GI improvement were significant in the smoking group alone; those of PI improvement were most significant in the non-smoking group; and those of SPP improvement were more significant in non-smoking and pre-smoking groups than in the smoking group. The shorter period of smoking and the smaller amount of smoking, the greater effects of PT & PCI by smoking-related characteristics. Conclusion: Smoking cessation instruction should necessarily be included in oral health education in that smoking is an important factor to consider in prevention of periodontal diseases and periodontal therapies.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.696-702
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral health education with Q-scan for preschool children. The 59 children were divided into two groups, one with Q-scan and the other with dentiform, and they were evaluated by interview questionnaire and measurement of dental plaque index using Quigley-Hein index. Using SPSS ver. 18.0 for statistical analysis, paired t-test and Independent t-test were carried out for dental plaque index change and chi-square independence test for change between before and after oral health education. The result of this study revealed that the dental plaque index of the children showed significant decrease of 12% more in the experimental group (p<0.001). Both groups showed significant difference in knowledge about fluorine (p<0.05) and the percentage of correct answers showed significant increase in questions about bad food for teeth (p<0.05). In attitude toward oral health, the experimental group showed significant difference in every variable (p<0.05), and the control group showed significant difference in regular oral examination and frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significant result (p<0.05) with increase in the percentage of correct answers for the question about how to hold a toothbrush and decrease in the percentage of correct answers for the question about how to apply toothpaste, while the control group did not show significant difference in any variable. Therefore, Q-scan as an appropriate tool for motivation, provides effective educational methods in oral health education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral health education on adolescents. Methods: The subjects were middle school students in a health promoting school in Gunpo, Gyeonggi Province. Before giving the students oral health instruction, their modified Patient Hygiene Performance index (PHP index) was measured using disclosing solution. Then, the students were taught the right way to brush teeth (Rolling method) and use oral hygiene devices such as dental floss, tongue cleaner and interdental brush. Their modified PHP index was re-measured three days after and seven days after the education to evaluate the effect and persistency of oral health education. of the total 116 students, 48 students who completely filled out the questionnaire and participated in the whole process, photo shooting and three times of PHP index measurement, were included in the final analysis. Results: The students' modified PHP index significantly decreased three days after the education. However, the index slightly went back up seven days after the oral health education. Conclusion: Oral health education was effective in reducing dental plaque which remained after brushing. Continuous education about and constant motivation for oral hygiene turned out to be critical to maintain the impact of oral health education. Therefore, it is necessary to develop educational contents which can constantly motivate teenagers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.195-204
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• 2004

A novel glucanhydrolase from Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has been suggested as a promising anti-plaque agent because it has been shown to have additional amylase activity and mutanase activity besides dextranase activity and to strongly bind to hydroxyapatite. Mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase solution was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were less frequent and less intense in human experimental gingivitis. In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase mouthrinses (1 and 2 unit/ml) were compared with a control mouthrinse (commercial 0.01% benzethonium chloride mouthrinse, $Caregargle^{(R)}$, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals) in the ability to inhibit plaque formation. A 3-replicate clinical trial using 4-day plaque regrowth model was used. Fifteen volunteers were rendered plaque-free on the 1st day of each study period, ceased toothcleansing, and rinsed 2X daily with allocated mouthrinse thereafter. On day 5, plaque accumulation was scored and the washout periods was 9 days for the next trial. Lipomyces starkeyi KSM22 glucanhydrolase(1 unit and 2 unit)- containing mouthrinse resulted in Significantly lower plaque formation in plaque area and thickness, compared to the control mouthrinse. There was no significant difference in plaque inhibition between enzyme-mouthrinses at 2 different concentrations used. This glucanhydrolase- containing mouthwash resulted in significantly lower plaque area severity index score and tended to have lower plaque thickness severity index score than those of control mouthrinse. But there was no significant difference according to the enzyme concentration. From these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase-containing benzethonium chloride mouthrinse has greater anti-plaque effect than the commercial mouthrinse alone. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is a promising agent for new mouthwash formulation in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gargling with S-solution and gargling with A-solution on salivary pH, coated tongue, and dental plaque index in preschool children. Methods: Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used to select the participants. 99 preschool children were divided into three groups. Dependent variables were recorded at baseline, 30 minutes, and 7 days after the first treatment was given. The data were analyzed using $X^2$-test, ANOVA, and repeated measures of ANOVA. Results: There were no significant differences in dependent variables in pre-test. However, the salivary pH in the S-solution group had significantly increased after 30 minutes (p<.05) and then again 7 days (p<.01) after the first treatment. Also, the S-solution and A-solution groups had greater decrease in dental plaque index after 30 minutes and again 7 days after the first treatment (p<.001) than the control group. With respect to coated tongue, there were no significant differences among the three groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that essential oil gargling after brushing is helpful in improving oral health due to auxiliary oral hygiene effects with natural products. Specifically, gargling with S-solution is more effective than A-solution on oral health in preschool children by neutralizing salivary pH and reducing dental plaque index.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical findings and patient satisfaction on implant overdenture designed with Locator implant attachment or Locator bar attachment in mandibular edentulous patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implant survival rate, marginal bone loss, probing depth, peri-implant inflammation, bleeding, plaque, calculus, complications, and satisfaction were evaluated on sixteen patients who were treated with mandibular overdenture and have used it for at least 1 year (Locator implant attachment: n=8, Locator bar attachment: n=8). RESULTS. Marginal bone loss, probing depth, plaque index of the Locator bar attachment group were significantly lower than the Locator implant attachment group (P<.05). There was no significant difference on bleeding, peri-implant inflammation, and patient satisfaction between the two denture types (P>.05). The replacement of the attachment components was the most common complication in both groups. Although there was no correlation between marginal bone loss and plaque index, a significant correlation was found between marginal bone loss and probing depth. CONCLUSION. The Locator bar attachment group indicates lesser marginal bone loss and need for maintenance, as compared with the Locator implant attachment group. This may be due to the splinting effect among implants rather than the types of Locator attachment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

Objective: To identify clinical, salivary, and bacterial changes during orthodontic treatment with follow-up to 24 months. Methods: In 30 patients, clinical (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces [DMFS], O'Leary's plaque index, and plaque pH), salivary (unstimulated and stimulated saliva, buffer capacity, pH, and occult blood), and bacterial (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus) markers were evaluated. A questionnaire was employed to evaluate their hygienic-dietary habits. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, logistic regression and Spearman's correlation. Results: DMFS increased significantly, whereas the plaque index diminished, plaque pH was more acidic (p = 0.23), and unstimulated salivary flow showed significant differences during the treatment (p = 0.013). Stimulated saliva flow increased in females after the placement of appliances; buffer capacity was diminished in males during the therapy; salivary pH remained at basal values. Bacterial levels and occult blood increased to high-risk levels and were not statistically significant different between genders (p > 0.05). Two major relationships were confirmed: initial plaque with use of dental aids (r = 0.429; p = 0.018) and final DMFS with unstimulated salivary flow (r = -0.372; p = 0.043). Conclusions: The increase in retentive surfaces increased the bacterial levels, plaque pH became acidified, and gingival damage was greater. Buffer capacity was altered but maintained a healthy salivary pH during the treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.361-374
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• 1999

Intraoral filled type of orthodontic appliance can cause reversible or irreversible damages such as gingivitis, periodontitis, enamel decalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and pulpal changes. Such adverse effects are brought by increase in dental plaque as well as oral flora. Such an increase causes gingival inflammation and enamel decalcification. The purpose of this study is to get klowledge on initial changes in dental plaque, gingivitis, and enamel decalcification after bonding fixed orthodontic appliances according to time flow, gender, and sides(right/left) of premolar region. For control group, 48 students of dental college, Yonsei university(26 males, 22 females) were chosen; for experimental group, 73 orthodontic patients(36 males, 37 females) who will be treated with fixed appliances were chosen. All the subjects had no systemic disease, juvenile periodontitis and all the females had passed their ,menarche. Tooth brushing instruction was given to all the subjects prior to the experiment. For control group, plaque index, gingival index, and decalcification index were measured twice at 3 weeks interval ; for experimental group, the same was done prior to, 3, 6, 9 weeks after bonding fixed appliances. The following results were obtained: 1. In plaque index 3 weeks after placement of appliances, and it showed gradual increase afterwards. 2. In gingival index3 weeks after placement of appliances, and afterwards it showed increase at a faster rate than plaque index. 3. Enamel decalcification began to show between 3 and 6 weeks after bonding fixed appliances. Decalcification index began to increase 6 weeks after appliance placement, but there was no statistical significance. 4. When the comparison was made between two sides of premolar region, the right side showed greater index in plaque and gingival index of experimental group.