• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제25권8호통권219호
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• pp.709-709
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• 1987

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.260-264
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• 2011

Zirconia ($ZrO_2$) is a crystalline dioxide of zirconium. Dental zirconia blocks for CAD/CAM are usually fabricated with powders of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) stabilized with 3mol% yttria. Because of its mechanical properties similar to those of metals and color similar to tooth, it is evaluated to attain the two purposes at a time, strength and aesthetic in prosthetic dentistry. The ability of transformation of Y-TZP from tetragonal to monoclinic helps to prevent crack propagation and contributes the increase of strength and fracture toughness. Two different types of blocks, soft and hard, are used to prepare the zirconia frameworks. The fuzzy-sintered block is difficult in machining, so pre-sintered soft 3Y-TZP block is usually used to mill by computer aided machining.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Purpose: All ceramic crown, made from zirconia instead of metal for core material, is recognized the best esthetical prosthesis. Recently, high-priced zirconia blocks and expensive CAD/CAM machines come into use for making zirconia core. In this study, slip casting process is adapted to evaluate the possibility of the recycling the remained parts of zirconia block after machining. Methods: Remained zirconia blocks were reduced to powders with zirconia mortar, and screened with 180 mesh sieve. Passed powders were ball milled under various conditions to obtain the optimum zirconia slip for casting. Solid casting method was used for casting the specimens with plaster mold. Formed specimens were dried and biscuit fired at $1,000^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Biscuit fired specimens were finished with exact shape of square pillar. Finished specimens were fired from $1,200^{\circ}C$ to $1,550^{\circ}C$ at $50^{\circ}C$ intervals for 1 hour. Linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, and flexural strength were tested. Microstructures were observed by SEM. Results: Above examinations indicated that the optimum firing temperture was $1,500^{\circ}C$, and when fired at this temperature for 1 hour, apparent porosity was 0% and flexural strength was 680MPa. SEM photomicrographs showed uniform 200~300nm grain size, which is equal with microcture of sintered commercial zirconia block. when compare 24% linear shrinkage of cast specimen with 20% linear shrinkage of CAD/CAM machined block, it was estimated that the size controlling of cast core was not so difficult. Conclusion: According to the all of this experimental results, the cast zirconia core produced from the remained parts of zirconia block was possible to use for all ceramic denture.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2012

One of the most common procedures in dentistry is the inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia but visual problem can occur during this procedure. Transient visual acuity decrease after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia can result from unintended intravascular injection. In this case report, we present ocular complication that has rarely been reported. The understanding of anatomy related to this case is discussed with suggestions for proper management of the patients. The dental management for ocular complications includes a correct diagnosis, management by understanding of patient's anatomic variations. This will prevent intravascular injection.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of tilting the head on the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methods: Ninety-two patients were divided into two groups: the first group received IANB and the head was tilted in the direction of the block for 15 min, whereas the second group received IANB and the head was tilted to the opposite side. Access cavity preparation was initiated after 15 min. Success was defined as no pain or faint/weak/mild pain during endodontic access preparation and instrumentation. The anesthetic success rates were analyzed by Pearson chi-square test at 5% significance levels. Results: The same side position and opposite side position yielded 41% and 30% anesthetic success rates, respectively; there was no significant difference between the two sides. Conclusions: Relative head position has no effect on the anesthetic success rate of IANB.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2021

This review aimed to assess and compare the outcomes of the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block (GGMNB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. A descriptive systematic review of quantitative research was conducted wherein the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA)" was adopted, and the Problem/Patient/Population, Intervention/Indicator, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) criteria were used to structure the research question. A literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ovid. Selection criteria were applied for populations over nine years of age, of either sex, with irreversible pulpitis, and articles published in English regarding conventional IANB or IANB and Gow-Gates techniques between 2009 and 2019. Prospective randomized clinical trials or randomized controlled trials were included in the review, in which anesthetic efficacy or success was measured. After screening, four articles were included. Three studies were randomized clinical trials, and two were randomized controlled trials. The validity and reliability of the individual studies were examined. There was evidence of the higher efficacy of the GGMNB technique than that of the IANB technique. However, both techniques can be mastered through training.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

Background: Since introduced by Gow-Gates GA in 1973, Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block (GMNB) has played an important role in the area of dental local anesthesia. However, compared to the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB), this technique seems to fail to attract the attentions of general practitioners in South Korea. The aim of this study was to prove the clinical real value, mainly the anesthetic efficacy, of GMNB in minor oral surgery. Methods: The study group comprised 40 patients (15 males and 25 females) who were randomly allocated to receive GMNB or IANB for extraction of third molars. Both techniques utilized two 1.8 ml dental cartridges of 2% lidocaine including 1:100,000 epinephrine for each patient. Pulpal and gingival tissue anesthesia of mandibular premolars and molars were recorded at 0, 15 and 40 minutes after administration of local anesthetics using both an electric pulp tester and a sharp dental explorer. Results: The success rates of pulpal and gingival tissue anesthesia in the IANB group were not significantly different from the GMNB group in overall efficacy. Patient's and operator's satisfaction ratings were also not significantly different between two groups. Interestingly, the injection pain of GMNB group was significantly lower than that of IANB group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the anesthetic efficacy of pulpal and gingival tissue of GMNB was not inferior to that of IANB. The GMNB could be a good alternative of the IANB in most of minor oral surgical procedures.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.173-175
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• 2014

Atypical facial pain is loosely used term to describe some chronic facial pain when the symptoms do not exactly and entirely fit one diagnostic criteria. In many cases of pain disorders, sympathetic system is involved, such as in conditions which symptoms mimic post-herpetic neuralgia or complex regional pain syndrome. We report a case of a patient with atypical facial pain following the reduction of temporomanidbular joint dislocation. The atypical pain which was resistant to analgesic medication was successfully managed with stellate ganglion block. Therefore we suggest that stellate ganglion block can be an effective treatment method for controlling atypical facial pain.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2014

The maxillary posterior area is the most challenging site for the dental implant. Although the sinus graft is a predictable and successful technique for rehabilitation of atrophic and pneumatized posterior maxilla, when there is severe destruction of alveolar bone, a very long crown length remains challenging after successful dental implants installation with sinus graft. We performed vertical augmentation of the maxillary posterior alveolar ridge using the allogenic block bone graft with a simultaneous sinus graft using allogenic and heterogenic bone chips. After about six months, we installed the dental implant. After this procedure, we achieved a more favorable crown-implant fixture ratio and better results clinically and biomechanically. This is a preliminary report of vertical augmentation of maxillary posterior alveolar ridge using allogenic block bone graft and simultaneous maxillary sinus graft. Further research requires longer observation and more patients.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2010

Tremors are trembling movements and are seen in association with alcoholic intoxication, certain drugs, thyrotoxicosis, multiple sclerosis, hysteria, and nervous tension. Dental fears, such as, pain, drill, unknown, dependency, helplessness, mutilation and oral change, induce the neuroendocrine response (release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, etc). The clinical manifestations of epinephrine or other vasopressor overdose include : anxiety, tenseness, restlessness, throbbing headache, tremor, perspiration, weakness, dizziness, pallor, palpitation and respiratory difficulty. Signs of local anesthetic overdose appear clinically whenever the anesthetic level in the blood rises to an appropriate level in an individual. The clinical signs of moderate overdose levels include : talkativeness, apprehension, excitability, slurred speech, tremor and muscular twitching. This is a case report about the severe tremor care after the endodontic treatment under right mandibular block anesthesia in a 56-years old female patient.