• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.77-80
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• 2010

This article describes esthetic improvement in a patient with a missing maxillary left central incisor. Space analysis of the anterior dentition showed that minor tooth rearrangement was needed. Optimal space distribution for restorations was attained by orthodontic treatment. Through transforming tooth shape with porcelain laminate veneers, the maxillary left lateral incisor was transformed into central incisor and the maxillary left canine into a lateral incisor. The maxillary right central incisor was also restored for esthetic improvement. In a case of changing a tooth shape with porcelain laminate veneers, pre-treatment evaluation, space analysis and diagnostic wax-up are important factors.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.61-63
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• 2010

If orthodontists and restorative dentists establish the interdisciplinary approach to esthetic dentistry, the esthetic and functional outcome of their combined efforts will be greatly enhanced. This article describes satisfying esthetic results obtained by the distribution of space for restoration by orthodontic treatment and porcelain laminate veneers in uneven space between maxillary anterior teeth. It is proposed that the use of orthodontic treatment for re-distribution of the space and the use of porcelain laminate veneers to alter crown anatomy provide maximum esthetic and functional correction for patients with irregular interdental spacing.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.347-353
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal discrepancy of heat-pressed ceramic veneers manufactured using a CAD/CAM system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The ceramic veneers for the abutment of a maxillary left central incisor were designed using a CAD/CAM software program. Ten veneers using a microstereolithography apparatus (AM group), ten veneers using a five-axis milling machine (SM group), and ten veneers using a traditional free-hand wax technique (TW group) were prepared according to the respective manufacturing method. The ceramic veneers were also fabricated using a heat-press technique, and a silicone replica was used to measure their marginal discrepancy. The marginal discrepancies were measured using a digital microscope (${\times}160$ magnification). The data were analyzed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. Finally, post-hoc comparisons were conducted using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The $mean{\pm}SD$ of the total marginal discrepancy was $99.68{\pm}28.01{\mu}m$ for the AM group, $76.60{\pm}28.76{\mu}m$ for the SM group, and $83.08{\pm}39.74{\mu}m$ for the TW group. There were significant differences in the total marginal discrepancies of the ceramic veneers (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The SM group showed a better fit than the AM and TW groups. However, all values were within the clinical tolerance. Therefore, CAD/CAM manufacturing methods can replace the traditional free-hand wax technique.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.719-719
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• 2002

Aesthetic and cosmetic dentistry is becoming a major source of the dentists practice and source of income. Patients are demanding dentists to improve and enhance their appearance and function by means of aesthetic contouring and orthodontics and are willing to pay for such services. This creates a challenge for the dental profession to gain more knowledge and skill in this important area of their practice. Ceramic and composite veneers provide a comprehensive solution to the dentition that are severely hypoplastic or deeply stained by the ingestion of tetracycline during tooth development. A large number of dental materials and new techniques are now available that will render extremely satisfactory and beautiful solutions to these previously unsightly dentitions. This presentation will present the most commonly used dental materials and techniques of fabrication of composite and porcelain veneers. Using clinical cases, the step by step cavity preparations.Impression taking, laboratory fabrication, clinical try-in and cementation materials and techniques and repairs of broken veneers as well as long term follow up will be presentedesented

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.13
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• 2018

Objectives: To analyze the influence of thickness and incisal extension of indirect veneers on the stress and strain generated in maxillary canine teeth. Materials and Methods: A 3-dimensional maxillary canine model was validated with an in vitro strain gauge and exported to computer-assisted engineering software. Materials were considered homogeneous, isotropic, and elastic. Each canine tooth was then subjected to a 0.3 and 0.8 mm reduction on the facial surface, in preparations with and without incisal covering, and restored with a lithium disilicate veneer. A 50 N load was applied at $45^{\circ}$ to the long axis of the tooth, on the incisal third of the palatal surface of the crown. Results: The results showed a mean of $218.16{\mu}strain$ of stress in the in vitro experiment, and $210.63{\mu}strain$ in finite element analysis (FEA). The stress concentration on prepared teeth was higher at the palatal root surface, with a mean value of 11.02 MPa and varying less than 3% between the preparation designs. The veneers concentrated higher stresses at the incisal third of the facial surface, with a mean of 3.88 MPa and a 40% increase in less-thick veneers. The incisal cover generated a new stress concentration area, with values over 48.18 MPa. Conclusions: The mathematical model for a maxillary canine tooth was validated using FEA. The thickness (0.3 or 0.8 mm) and the incisal covering showed no difference for the tooth structure. However, the incisal covering was harmful for the veneer, of which the greatest thickness was beneficial.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2014

PURPOSE. There is insufficient data regarding the durability of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to existing composite fillings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and microleakage of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to teeth with existing composite fillings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty maxillary central incisors were divided into three groups (for each group, n=10): intact teeth (NP), teeth with class III composite fillings (C3) and teeth with class IV cavities (C4). Porcelain laminate veneers were made using IPS-Empress ceramic and bonded with Panavia F2 resin cement. The microleakage of all of the specimens was tested before and after cyclic loading ($1{\times}10^6$ cycles, 1.2 Hz). The fracture resistance values (N) were measured using a universal testing machine, and the mode of failure was also examined. The statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. There was a significant difference in the mean microleakage of group C4 compared with group NT (P=.013). There was no significant difference in the fracture loads among the groups. CONCLUSION. The microleakage and failure loads of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to intact teeth and teeth with standard class III composite fillings were not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

The spaced dentition is a common clinical finding. The careful analysis of clinically spaced dentition is a necessity for effective treatment planning. Spaced dentition often exists in the presence of intact teeth. Therefore, special care should be taken in order to obtain the most successful esthetic effect and to prevent overtreatment as well. The aesthetic restorative dental treatment using the porcelain laminate veneers is getting more popular than the complex orthodontic treatment, and prosthetic solutions that require sacrifice of sound tooth structure. The physical strength of porcelain laminate veneers is not as good as porcelain fused metal crowns, and more researches are needed in the field of bonding between composite cement and porcelain laminate veneer. However, the esthetic results from this unprepared porcelain laminate veneers were satisfactory with Authentic (Ceramay, Germany) pressable ceramic technique and resin cement (Rely X Veneer, 3M). This article deals with 2 cases of unprepared porcelain laminate veneers on anterior teeth.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2007

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2019

The available methods for veneer evaluation are limited to clinical and radiographic examinations, which may not allow the appropriate identification of failure. In this report, we demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive diagnostic and follow-up method to evaluate gingival recovery and the adhesive interface in aesthetic oral rehabilitation involving periodontal plastic surgery and ceramic laminate veneers. OCT was efficient for evaluating both soft and hard tissues, as well as the quality of the adhesive interface. In conclusion, OCT was found to be a promising approach for the professional evaluation of aesthetic oral rehabilitation, as it was capable of generating images that enabled the analysis of gingival recovery and the adhesive interface.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.27 no.8 s.243
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• pp.747-762
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• 1989

Enamal은 인간의 몸중에서 가장 단단한 조직이다. 이것은 치관을 덮고 있으며 Dentin을 보호한다. 치아의 색깔은 Dentin을 덮고있는 enamel의 두께에 의해 결정된다. 절단면은 Dentin이 없기 때문에 gray-white이며 치경부는 Dentin을 덮고 있는 enamel의 두께가 얇기 때문에 Yellow-white이다. 이러한 면에서 볼때 치관의 색깔은 Dentin이 투과성이 있는 enamel을 통과해서 나오는 색깔과 enamel자체의 색깔이 혼합되어서 만들어 진다고 할 수 있다. 현재 미형적(esthetic)으로 사용되고 있는 PFM은 이러한점을 완전히 만족시킬 수 없다. 잘 선택된 경우에 이러한 측면에서 SHADE를 완전히 만족시킬 수 있는 보철물이 있다. 바로 Porleain laminate veneer이다.