• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.179-182
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• 2019

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes due to lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. In American European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria, abnormal salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) result is one of the objective signs of SS and it has been proposed as a valid and non-invasive alternative approach to functional evaluation of salivary gland, especially in the case when unstimulated whole salivary flow is more than 1.5 mL in 15 minutes or other AECG criteria is unmet. Patients with SS are more likely to have the thyroid disease (TD), but this association remains controversial. We present a case of the use of SGS for diagnosis of primary SS and TD in patients with dry mouth and burning sensation of tongue. Through this case, we suggest the usefulness of salivary scintigraphy for screening TD in addition to diagnosis of SS.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2024

Background: In pediatric dentistry, fear and anxiety are common among children. Local anesthetics (LA) are widely used to control pain and reduce discomfort in children during dental treatment. Topical anesthetics play a vital role in reducing pain and the unpleasant sensation of a needle puncture in children. Peppermint oil has been extensively used for various diseases. However, its anesthetic properties remain unknown. Peppermint oil, used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, and other topical preparations has analgesic, anesthetic, and antiseptic properties. This study aimed to compare and evaluate pain perception following the topical application of peppermint oil versus lignocaine spray before an intraoral injection in children, aged 8-13 years. Method: Fifty-two children, aged between 8-13 years, who required local anesthesia for dental treatment were divided into two groups of 26 each by simple random sampling (Group 1: 0.2% peppermint oil and Group 2: lignocaine spray). In both groups, physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate) were recorded using pulse oximetry before, during, and after the procedure. Objective pain measurement (Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale) during administration and subjective measuremeant (Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS)) after LA administration were recorded. This was followed by the required treatment of the child. Physiological parameters were compared between the two groups using an independent t-test for intergroup assessment and a paired t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA for intragroup comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the pain scores. Results: Intragroup mean heart rates, before, during, and after treatment were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the intergroup mean pulse rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean WBFPS score in the lignocaine spray group was 4.133 ± 2.06 was statistically different from that of the peppermint oil group (0.933 ± 1.03; P < 0.001^*). The mean SEM score was significantly lower in the peppermint oil group than that in the lignocaine spray group (P = 0.006). No negative effects were observed in this study. Conclusion: 0.2% peppermint oil was effective in reducing pain perception.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.72-73
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• 2022

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.309-312
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• 2016

Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) must undergo corrective surgeries during infancy and early childhood. Many patients with CLP undergo orthognathic surgery during their childhood for correction of skeletal asymmetries or pharyngoplasty with a pharyngeal flap to improve the quality of speech and velopharyngeal function. During orthognathic surgeries, nasotracheal intubation is performed under general anesthesia. In our case report, the patient had undergone palatoplasty and pharygoplasty previously. During the orthognathic surgery, a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided nasotracheal tube was inserted through the pharyngeal flap ostium; however, active bleeding occurred in the nasopharynx. Bleeding occurred because the flap was torn. After achieving hemostasis, the surgery was completed successfully. Thus, if a patient may show the potential for velopharyngeal port obstruction, nasotracheal intubation should be performed with utmost care.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Background: Pain during fixed orthodontic treatment can have a detrimental effect on patient treatment compliance. To overcome this, there is a definite need to establish the best pain-relieving methods suitable for orthodontic patients in terms of efficacy and use. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of chewing gum and pre-emptive tenoxicam on pain after initial archwire placement and to evaluate the pain perceptions of orthodontic patients in the two groups while performing various functions at specific time intervals. Methods: Forty-two patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups: group A (chewing gum) and group B (pre-emptive tenoxicam). Pain perception was documented by patients immediately; at 4 h; at bedtime on the day of archwire placement; the next morning; at 24 h; and at bedtime on the 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day after the initial archwire placement. Pain scores were noted during fitting of the posterior teeth, biting, and chewing using a visual analog scale. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Group A showed a significant increase in pain until the next morning while fitting the posterior teeth, biting, and chewing [36.2, 52.0, 33.4, respectively]], followed by a gradual decrease by the 7th day. Group B showed a significant increase in pain at bedtime on biting, with a peak value of 47.5. Pain on chewing, fitting posterior teeth, peaked the morning of the next day (100.0, 45.0). The Freidman test showed a statistically significant difference with a p-value of < 0.01. Higher pain scores were observed while chewing and biting compared with that while fitting the posterior teeth in both groups. The overall comparison of pain control between the two groups was not statistically significant [P > 0.05] between the two groups. Conclusions: Chewing gum was not inferior to pre-emptive tenoxicam. Thus, chewing gum is a non-pharmacological alternative to analgesics for orthodontic pain control that eliminates the chance of adverse reactions and can be used in the absence of adult observation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.461-476
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dental experience on the attitude of children toward the dentist and the dental treatment. The subjects of the study were 1,090 children from second grade to forth grade of three elementary schools of the Iksan city. The children were investigated by the questionnaire which consisted of seven items about the attitude toward the dentist, the attitude toward the dental treatment, the dental reatment experience, the number of times of dental treatment, the last time of the dental visit, pain of dental treatment, and fear of dental treatment. There were significant differences among the grades in the attitude toward the dental treatment and in the attitude toward the dentist (P<0.01). Second grade children had the most negative attitudes. But, there were no differences between boys and girls. Girls felt more pain and fear than boys (P<0.01). There were significant relationships between the pain and the attitude toward the dentist, between the pain and the attitude toward the dental treatment, between the fear and the attitude toward the dentist, and between the fear and the attitude toward the dental treatment (P<0.01, all). The number of dental visit had significant relationship with the attitude toward the dental treatment (P<0.05). There were significant relationships between the pain and the fear and between the attitude toward the dentist and the attitude toward the dental treatment.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2021

Background: Consumers and patients in the last two decades have increasingly turned to various internet search engines including Google for information. Google Trends records searches done using the Google search engine. Google Trends is free and provides data on search terms and related queries. One recent study found a large public interest in "dental anesthesia". In this paper, we further explore this interest in "dental anesthesia" and assess if any patterns emerge. Methods: In this study, Google Trends and the search term "dental pain" was used to record the consumer's interest over a five-year period. Additionally, using the search term "Dental anesthesia," a top ten related query list was generated. Queries are grouped into two sections, a "top" category and a "rising" category. We then added additional search term such as: wisdom tooth anesthesia, wisdom tooth general anesthesia, dental anesthetics, local anesthetic, dental numbing, anesthesia dentist, and dental pain. From the related queries generated from each search term, repeated themes were grouped together and ranked according to the total sum of their relative search frequency (RSF) values. Results: Over the five-year time period, Google Trends data show that there was a 1.5% increase in the search term "dental pain". Results of the related queries for dental anesthesia show that there seems to be a large public interest in how long local anesthetics last (Total RSF = 231) - even more so than potential side effects or toxicities (Total RSF = 83). Conclusion: Based on these results it is recommended that clinicians clearly advice their patients on how long local anesthetics last to better manage patient expectations.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of conscious sedation on pain and anxiety of patients in implant surgery. A total of 95 patients who underwent implant surgery were included in the study. In this study, the patient's anxiety and pain to evaluate the pre-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), during-operative Pain Question (PQ), post-operative (Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire [SF-MPQ], VAS) was used for tools such as questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the chi-squire, independent-samples t-test, multiple linear regression analysis. As a result, the pain reduction was significantly different between the sedative dental treatment and non-sedative dental treatment (p<0.05). The finding of the study multiple linear regression analysis showed that operation time, implant surgery experience, gender, age, operation form and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) with factors that affect the pain and anxiety (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, considered to be necessary to develop intervention strategies effective using the PCS when managing pain and anxiety of behavior management of this implant patient. Thus, it is advised to provide necessary practical guidelines and dental utilization behaviors on patients with conscious sedation.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to examine whether the combination of low-dose ketamine and propofol in deep sedation is clinically useful in controlling the behavior in intellectually disabled patients who are typically extremely noncooperative during dental procedures. Methods: A total of 107 extremely noncooperative intellectually disabled adult patients were analyzed. In all patients, deep sedation was performed using either propofol alone (group P) or using a combination of propofol and 0.2 mg/kg or 0.4 mg/kg ketamine (groups PK0.2 and PK0.4, respectively). The procedures were performed in the order of insertion of nasal cannula into the nostril, attachment of mouth gag, and mouth cleaning and scaling. The frequency of patient movement during the procedures, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, recovery time, discharge time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were examined. Results: The three groups were significantly different only in the frequency of patient movement upon stimulation during single intravenous injection of propofol and scaling. Conclusion: For propofol deep sedation, in contrast to intravenous injection of propofol alone, prior intravenous injection of low-dose ketamine (0.4 mg/kg) is clinically useful because it neither affects recovery, nor causes side effects and can suppress patient movement and vascular pain during procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

In this study, we aim to determine the in vivo effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) on neuropathic pain, using three, principal peripheral neuropathic pain models. Four weeks after hUCB-MSC transplantation, we observed significant antinociceptive effect in hUCB-MSC-transplanted rats compared to that in the vehicle-treated control. Spinal cord cells positive for c-fos, CGRP, p-ERK, p-p 38, MMP-9 and MMP 2 were significantly decreased in only CCI model of hUCB-MSCs-grafted rats, while spinal cord cells positive for CGRP, p-ERK and MMP-2 significantly decreased in SNL model of hUCB-MSCs-grafted rats and spinal cord cells positive for CGRP and MMP-2 significantly decreased in SNI model of hUCB-MSCs-grafted rats, compared to the control 4 weeks or 8weeks after transplantation (p<0.05). However, cells positive for TIMP-2, an endogenous tissue inhibitor of MMP-2, were significantly increased in SNL and SNI models of hUCB-MSCs-grafted rats. Taken together, subcutaneous injection of hUCB-MSCs may have an antinociceptive effect via modulation of pain signaling during pain signal processing within the nervous system, especially for CCI model. Thus, subcutaneous administration of hUCB-MSCs might be beneficial for improving those patients suffering from neuropathic pain by decreasing neuropathic pain activation factors, while increasing neuropathic pain inhibition factor.