• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

The effect of five plant population densities [5 (D$_1$), 10 (D$_2$), 20 (D$_3$), 30 (D$_4$), and 40 (D$_{5}$) plants/m$^2$] of four groundnut cultivars [ICGV 86699, ICG (FDRS) 10, ICGS 11 and TMV 2] and fungicide application (Kavach, chlorothalonil) to manage late leaf spot (LLS) and rust were studied in a field experiment during the 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons. LLS and rust severities were low in fungicide sprayed plots in all the cultivars irrespective of plant densities. Severities of LLS and rust, and percentage defoliation caused by LLS were significantly more in higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) than in lower plant densities (D$_1$, D$_2$, D$_3$) in fungicide sprayed and unsprayed plots in all the cultivars. All the cultivars gave significantly higher haulm and pod yields in fungicide sprayed plots than in unsprayed plots. Haulm and pod yields were significantly higher in higher plant densities than in lower plant densities. A combination of higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) and fungicide protection against LLS and rust gave maximum yield.yield.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.793-808
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• 2014

The goal of this study is to evaluate and design steel plates with optimal material distributions achieved through a specific material topology optimization by using a CCARAT (Computer Aided Research Analysis Tool) as an optimizer, topologically optimally updating node densities as design variables. In typical material topology optimization, optimal topology and layouts are described by distributing element densities (from almost 0 to 1), which are arithmetic means of node densities. The average element densities are employed as material properties of each element in finite element analysis. CCARAT may deal with material topology optimization to address the mean compliance problem of structural mechanical problems. This consists of three computational steps: finite element analysis, sensitivity analysis, and optimality criteria optimizer updating node densities. The present node density based design via CCARAT using node densities as design variables removes jagged optimal layouts and checkerboard patterns, which are disadvantages of classical material topology optimization using element densities as design variables. Numerical applications that topologically optimize reinforcement material distribution of steel plates of a cantilever type are studied to verify the numerical superiority of the present node density based design via CCARAT.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1989

This study was investigated to find out the optimum planting densities of Aptum graveolns L. about growth characters, yield components and yi-eld at 9 planting densities by transplanting cultureThe results obtained are summarized as follows ;1 . Studying the correlationship, the highly negative significances we-re found between planting densities and petiole weight , planting d-ensities and plant weight , respectively .2. Plant hight was longest in spacious planting, and was short in dense3 . Petiole yield was thinkest in planting densities(50$\times$35n), and wasthin in planting densities(40$\times$25n) .4. Yield of Petiole was increased in PLanting densities(50$\times$25cn) ,quality and yield of petiole were highest by optimum plantting densi-ties (50$\times$35cn ) .

• 농업과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1986

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 신육형(伸育型)이 다른 황금(黃金)콩과 수원(水原)125호(號)를 공시(供試)하여 맥후작(麥後作)에 있어서 알맞은 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 구명(究明)하고자 실시(實施)하였는데 그 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기(開花期)와 성숙기(成熟期)는 본(本) 실험(實驗)의 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 주경절수(主莖節數)는 신육형간(伸育型間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 있었으나 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 없었으며 밀식(密植)할수록 개체당(個體當) 분지수(分枝數)와 분지장(分枝長)은 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 개체당(個體當) 협수((莢數), 입수(粒數) 및 자실중(子實重)은 밀식(密植)할수록 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)하여 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으나 단위면적당(單位面積當)으로는 밀식(密植)할수록 오히려 증가(增加)하였다. 4. 10a 당(當) 수량(收量)은 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에 높은 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 유한신육형(有限伸育型)인 황금(黃金)콩은 $60{\times}7.5cm$, 무한신육형(無限伸育型)인 수원(水原) 125호(號)는 $60{\times}5.0cm$에서 가장 많았다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.879-891
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• 2009

We developed the projected l-axial skew-normal(LASN) family of distributions for I-axial data. The LASN family of distributions contains the semicircular skew-normal(SCSN) and the circular skew-normal(CSN) families of distributions as special cases. The LASN densities are similar to the wrapped skew-normal densities for the small values of the scale parameter. However CSN densities have more heavy tails than those of the wrapped skew-normal densities on the circle. Furthermore the CSN densities have two modes as the scale parameter increases. The LASN distribution has very convenient mathematical features. We extend the LASN family of distributions to a bivariate case.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1998

The barrier heights and carrier densities of ZnO varistors with various compositions were estimated using C-V, J-V and $\rho$-T relations. The barrier heights obtained from C-V and J-V plots were 0.73~5.98 eV and 0.25~2.70 eV, respectively. The carrier densities estimated from C-V plots were ~$10^{18}cm^{-3}$. Acceptable values of the barrier heights and the carrier densities were obtained from $\rho$-1/T curves and the capacitances at zero bias; 0.6~0.8 eV for the barrier heights and ~$10^{17}cm^{-3}$ for carrier densities. Addition of cobalt increased the barrier height and the carrier density, while chromium slightly lowered both of them.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1984

일반적으로 단결정반도체시편에서는 그의 자유반송자 밀도값이 측정방법을 달리해도 일정하다. 그러나 CdSe 박막반도체의 자유반송자 밀도간은 측정방법을 달리했을 때 다르게 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 C-V방법, Seebeck 효과 및 a. c. Hall 효과를 통해서 측정한 CdSe 박막반도체의 자유반송자가 1018/㎤∼1024㎤범위의 값을 나타냈다. 이들 값의 차이를 나타내는 원인을 논의하고자 한다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.991-997
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• 2013

Distribution and occurrence of swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus larvae were investigated in the mid-western coast of Korea in the Yellow Sea. P. trituberculatus larvae were collected in July and August from 2010 to 2012. Bongo net with 303 mesh was deployed once with a double oblique tow. Zoea I (ZI) densities were highest in all sampling months. Then densities of later larval stages decreased dramatically. In general, larval densities at the stations in northern parts and coastal areas were higher than those at the southern and offshore area. Because egg bearing seasons of P. trituberculatus in the study area are between April and August, larval densities, particularly, of ZI may be underestimated. Considering higher densities of ZI and lower ones of later stages, larvae may be transported to growing area and returned to the parental populations. Larval densities and sea surface temperature were not correlated.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2005

Background : Osteopenia has been recognized as one of potential complication of chronic liver diseases. Its correlation with hepatits B virus(HBV) carrier, however, has not been reported. Thus this study was aimed to clarify the relationship between the osteopenia and HBV carrier. Methods : Bone densities in 192 HBV carrier women and 200 healthy women were measured; the lumbar spine and three sites of the proximal femur(neck, Ward's triangle, greater trochanter) by dual-photon absorptiometry. And liver function tests(AST, ALT, Albumin, GGT, ALP) were also performed. Results : Bone densities at the four sites measured, were significantly correlated with one another(r=0.34 to 0.99, P<0.01). Compared with control group, HBV carriers had significant decreases in bone densities of femur(P<0.05), particularly marked at Ward's triangle. A negative correlations between bone densities and serum total alkaline phosphatase were also found(r=-0.44, P<0.01). Conclusions : Osteopenia was more prevalent in HBV carrier, particularly in the groups before-fifties. Serum total alkaline phosphatase was higher in those with reduced bone densities Thus measurement of bone densities seems to be necessary in female HBV carriers.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2004년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.XIV
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• pp.28-28
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• 2004