• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.85-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables on adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship. Independent variables were the expectation of the parents' role, role performance by adolescents' perception and socio-demographic variables. In order to achieve this purpose, the survey was taken by 758 adolescents (middle & high school students) from Daegu. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Scheffe test for post hoc, and Multiple Regression. The major findings were: 1) Role expectation had significant differences in the grade, gender, birth order, father's level of education, father's job, mother's age, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. Role performance showed significant differences in the grade, gender, father's age, parents' level of education, father's job, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. 2) Adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship was affected by role expectation and role performance.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 2007

This study analyzes the influences of the working environments and conditions(job cooperation, working condition, stress, compensation and reward, and achievement) on the job satisfactions, and the differences for the staff members to perceive them among staff members according to demographic variables. One hundred staff members of K library were participated in the survey using questionnaires. There were significant differences in the perceptions on the stress, compensation and reward, and achievement according to demographic variables. The job cooperation and achievement among work environments and conditions significantly influenced on the job satisfactions of the staff members.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the recognition and preference of Korean traditional cookies and Japanese "Wagashi" by consuming patterns and demographic characteristics in order to suggest strategies for promotion of Hangwa, Korean traditional cookies. Consumer questionnaire survey was done to quantify 241 answers for Korean traditional cookies and 249 for Wagashi, and they were used for final analysis, frequency, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and regression analyses with SPSS 12.0. As a result, it was found that there were the differences of recognition by demographic factors and consuming patterns on the preference and recognitions. Especially in the demographic characteristics, there were differences in recognition by age and education levels for hangwa and by age for wagashi. According to the regression analysis, recognition affected preference for hankwa and wagashi.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Purpose - This study focuses on the quality of nonverbal communication by the flight attendants at the airline, and the factors that contribute to improve customer behavior, thereby providing positive implications for corporate management. Research, design, data, and methodology - For the empirical analysis of this study, reliability analysis and frequency analysis were conducted. T-test and ANOVA analyses were performed. In addition, the effects of nonverbal communication have on customer behavior have regressed analysis. The collected data was empirical suing the SPSS Win 18.0. Results - Among the non-verbal communication qualities were found to significantly influence customer attitudes, and demographic differences in airline flight attendants were also shown to influence their perceptions. Empirical analysis revealed significant differences in demographic characteristics between gender, age and airlines used. Conclusions - All of the non-verbal communication's attributes were found to significantly impact customer attitude. It is used to train the importance of nonverbal communication quality for the role of cabin crew members and to enhance the loyalty of the customers to Airline. This study identifies the relationship between the impact of non-verbal communication quality on customer attitudes and implies the importance of non-verbal communication quality for airline flight attendants. Also, this study suggests that there is a close mechanism between the nonverbal communication and the customer attitudes to airlines.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.487-497
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the adjustment to life(school life, personal relations, home life, economic problem and time management), the clothing attitudes(status symbolism, fashionability, aesthetics, modesty, conformity, comfort aspect) and the clothing satisfaction. The questionnaires were administered to 456 university students in Chongju city to measure the demographic information, the adjustment to life and the clothing attitudes. As statistical analysis, frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were used. The results were as follows: 1. The university students showed average state on the adjustment to their life. The adjustment to their home life and family was showed higher than other aspects, otherwise that to school life was showed lower than the others. 2. There were partially significant differences according to demographic variables of students on each aspect of the adjustment to life. 3. The university students showed moderate interest toward clothing attitudes. In the clothing attitudes, the interest toward comfort aspect was showed higher than other aspects, otherwise that toward conformity aspect was showed lower than the others. 4. There were partially significant differences according to demographic variables of students on each variable of the clothing attitudes. 5. There were partially significant correlations between each aspect of the adjustment and the clothing attitudes aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.279-289
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the dimensions of clothing attitudes and to study differences of the dimensions according to the demographic variables. The subjects selected for final analysis were 595 adults ranging from 20's to 50's in age. The clothing attitudes were classified into nine dimensions: fashionability, clothing involvement, clothing conformity, modesty, status symbolism, comfort, manageability, individuality and economy. And the dimensions were significantly different according to monthly expenditure on clothing, sex and educational level.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.103-117
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• 1997

This study compared the consumption expenditure patterns and the effects of socio-demographic variables of elderly and nonelderly households in urban areas of Korea. The data were obtained from the 1994 Family Income and Expenditure Survey conducted by the National Statistical Office. The results showed the differences between elderly and nonelderly households in the expenditure levels of each consumption category, the shares of each consumption category of total expenditures, and the effects of socio-demographic variables on expenditures.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2000

The present study investigated the relationship between demographic variables(gender, grade in school, etc.) and children's social intelligence. Elementary and middle school students responded to the self-reported inventory on social intelligence, and their teachers used the social intelligence rating scale for children. The results show gender, grade, and regional differences in children's abilities to deal with various social situation. Furthermore, parents' education and residence is also related to their children's social intelligence. Based on regression analyses, it was found that grade in school and parent education were the most influential variables in explaining variance in children's social intelligence.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

This study examined effects of demographic characteristics, mothers' perceived social pressure regarding their children's education, social conspicuousness, competitiveness, and self-esteem on the mothers' fervor for their children's education. These effects were analysed separately by residential area. A total of 231 mothers who had children attend middle school at Mok-dong and Ahyun-dong surveyed by questionnaire. There were significant differences based on the mothers' residential area. Mok-dong mothers have a higher perceived social pressure about child education, self-esteem, education fervor for their child, and monthly income and fathers' and mothers' education level than Ahyun-dong mothers. In Mok-dong mothers, only demographic characteristics of the family significantly explained the mothers' education fervor. Specifically, monthly income and fathers' education level were positively related to education fervor of Mok-dong mothers. Ahyun-dong mothers' social pressure about child education and self-esteem significantly explained mothers' education fervor for their child after controlling their demographic characteristics. Specifically, positive social pressure and positive self-esteem were positively related to mothers' education fervor about their child.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.969-980
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• 2020

This study examines the acceptance factors, barriers, benefits, and strategies for resolving Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption and usage problems based on the different demographic characteristics of SMEs. The demographic characteristics investigated are gender, educational qualifications, age, managerial status, and years of business experience. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to examine a more comprehensive demographic characteristics in the context of ICT adoption. A survey using self-administered questionnaires was conducted to retrieve information from SME owners/managers in Pekalongan, the local city of Indonesia. The items in the questionnaire were discussed with various experts in the field and a pilot study was conducted prior to the distribution of the research instrument. The study made some interesting findings. No significant differences were found in the SMEs' adoption factors between the demographics of gender groups and educational qualifications. However, significant disparities were found to exist among the age compositions, managerial status, and years in business. Additionally, younger managers/owners of SMEs find it easier to understand the background factors of ICT adoption. Lastly, older managers/owners are more likely to stick to the organizational status quo, be less able to learn new technology, and more likely to avoid risky decisions.