• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.333-348
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• 2023

Clear analysis and diagnosis of various characteristic factors of individual students is the most important in order to realize individual customized teaching and learning, which is considered the most essential function of math artificial intelligence-based digital textbooks. In this study, analysis factors and tools for individual customized learning diagnosis and construction models for data collection and analysis were derived from mathematical AI digital textbooks. To this end, according to the Ministry of Education's recent plan to apply AI digital textbooks, the demand for AI digital textbooks in mathematics, personalized learning and prior research on data for it, and factors for learner analysis in mathematics digital platforms were reviewed. As a result of the study, the researcher summarized the factors for learning analysis as factors for learning readiness, process and performance, achievement, weakness, and propensity analysis as factors for learning duration, problem solving time, concentration, math learning habits, and emotional analysis as factors for confidence, interest, anxiety, learning motivation, value perception, and attitude analysis as factors for learning analysis. In addition, the researcher proposed noon data on the problem, learning progress rate, screen recording data on student activities, event data, eye tracking device, and self-response questionnaires as data collection tools for these factors. Finally, a data collection model was proposed that time-series these factors before, during, and after learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2023

In response to climate change, each country is proposing a goal to reduce greenhouse gases in its energy supply and demand plan, and the use of hydrogen gas is a topic that is always prioritized as an energy resource for implementation. A popular way to use this hydrogen gas is the use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and expansion of hydrogen charging stations is essential for using these hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, there are several limitations to the expansion of hydrogen refueling stations, the most representative of which is resident acceptance. Most of the hydrogen charging stations currently built in Korea are located in the outskirts with low population density, so the inconvenience to hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users has not been resolved, and as a result, there has been no progress in the spread of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, we analyzed the consequences of accident damage to determine the risks of constructing a hydrogen charging station on a railroad site frequently used by citizens. The target hydrogen charging station site was a railroad depot in Busan, and there are trains, national highways, and commercial facilities around this site. Assuming the worst-case scenario, we would like to consider the safety of the hydrogen refueling station site by analyzing the area affected by the accident and its consequence.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess whether plant-based meat substitutes can effectively replace animal meat products in terms of amino acid composition and zinc bioavailability. The evaluation was conducted in response to the growing demand for meat substitutes, driven by the increasing vegan population and the expansion of vegan culture. For this purpose, a chicken product and two plant-based meat substitutes in tender form were selected. The amino acid content and composition were measured using HPLC, while the levels of trace elements like zinc and calcium were determined through ICP-AES. Additionally, the presence of phytic acid, which inhibits zinc bioavailability, was extracted and quantified using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results were analyzed in the context of daily product consumption. The findings revealed that certain essential amino acids, such as valine and lysine, were found to be deficient in plant-based meat substitutes compared to animal meat products. It was challenging to meet the recommended daily intake of these amino acids solely through the use of meat substitutes. Regarding zinc bioavailability, the inhibitory effect of calcium on zinc bioavailability was expected to be minimal. The zinc bioavailability of the meat substitutes varied significantly depending on the zinc and phytic acid content of the ingredients. Therefore, ingredients of plant-based meat substitutes should be carefully modulated to reach appropriate zinc bioavailability by selecting and processing plant materials with high zinc and low phytic acid content.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2007

This study examined the influences of cognitive conflict and non-cognitive variables induced by a discrepant event on process of conceptual change, and the processes that a discrepant event lead to situational interest. Seventh graders participated in this study. A preconception test was administered to select students possessing misconceptions about density. The tests of cognitive response and situational interest to a discrepant event were administered. After learning with a CAl program, the tests assessing attention and effort allocated to the CAl, and conceptual understanding were also administered. A path analysis revealed that cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event caused situational interest, which in turn increased attention and/or effort and thus, resulted in conceptual change. The results of the path analysis on the processes in which a discrepant event led to situational interest suggested that novelty may be a primary source of situational interest. Novelty influenced situational interest directly as well as through attention demand, exploration intention, and instant enjoyment. Moreover, novelty exerted a direct effect on challenge, which in turn had negative effects on instant enjoyment directly as well as through cognitive conflict, and thus, decreased situational interest. However, the path coefficients of the latter were relatively smaller than those of the former. Educational implications are discussed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.43-68
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• 2022

With the growing demand for online food delivery (OFD) services via Online to Offline (O2O) platforms, it is required for academic researchers to identify the success factors of OFD businesses. In line with this, this research examines the impact of the core service attributes of a restaurant (hygiene, interactivity, trust,and popularity) on business success in the OFD platform context from the perspective of information asymmetry. Furthermore, the moderating effects of hygiene factor between the core service attributes and the success of restaurants are evaluated. We utilize 1,146 restaurants registered on the largest OFD platform in Korea. The results of this study demonstrate that hygiene (certification), trust (franchise), popularity (favorite) factors have positive impacts on the success of OFD businesses. Moreover, we find that franchise restaurants with high response rates to customer reviews and inquiries achieve higher sales when they have hygiene certifications than those without the certification do. The key findings bear significant contributions to prior literature by empirically substantiating the pivotal role of service quality signals in fostering restaurant success on the OFD platforms. In addition, this study provides business implications for restaurants in O2O platform.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.149-164
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The economic recession caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disproportionately affected poor and vulnerable populations globally. Better uunderstanding of vulnerability to shocks in food supply and demand in the Asia Pacific region is needed. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using secondary data from rapid assessment surveys during the pandemic response (n = 10,420 in mid-2020; n = 6,004 in mid-2021) in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, this study examined the risk factors for reported income reduction or job loss in mid-2021 and the temporal trend in food security status (household food availability, and market availability and affordability of essential items) from mid-2020 to mid-2021. RESULTS: The proportion of job loss/reduced household income was highest in India (60.4%) and lowest in Indonesia (39.0%). Urban residence (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.20-4.11; countries with significant results only), female respondents (OR range, 1.40-1.69), engagement in daily waged labor (OR range, 1.54-1.68), and running a small trade/business (OR range, 1.66-2.71) were significantly associated with income reduction or job loss in three out of 4 countries (all P < 0.05). Food stock availability increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2020 in all four countries (OR range, 1.91-4.45) (all P < 0.05). Availability of all essential items at markets increased in India (OR range, 1.45-3.99) but decreased for basic foods, hygiene items, and medicine in Vietnam (OR range, 0.81-0.86) in 2021 compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). In 2021, the affordability of all essential items significantly improved in India (OR range, 1.18-3.49) while the affordability of rent, health care, and loans deteriorated in Indonesia (OR range, 0.23-0.71) when compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term social protection programs need to be carefully designed and implemented to address food insecurity among vulnerable groups, considering each country's market conditions, consumer food purchasing behaviors, and financial support capacity.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.62-77
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• 2024

In the maritime shipping industry, imbalance between supply and demand has persistently increased, leading to the utilization of blank sailings by major shipping companies worldwide as a key means of flexibly adjusting vessel capacity in response to shipping market conditions. Traditionally, blank sailings have been frequently implemented around the Chinese New Year period. However, due to unique circumstances such as the global pandemic starting in 2020 and trade tensions between the United States and China, shipping companies have recently conducted larger-scale blank sailings compared to the past. As blank sailings directly impact freight transport delays, they can have negative repercussions from perspectives of both businesses and consumers. Therefore, this study employed Poisson regression models and negative binomial regression models to analyze the influence of maritime freight rate determinants on shipping companies' decisions regarding blank sailings, aiming to proactively address potential consequences. Results of the analysis indicated that, in Poisson regression analysis for 2M, significant variables included global container shipping volume, container vessel capacity, container ship scrapping volume, container ship newbuilding index, and OECD inflation. In negative binomial regression analysis, ocean alliance showed significance with global container shipping volume and container ship order volume, the alliance with container ship capacity and interest rates, non-alliance with international oil prices, global supply chain pressure index, container ship capacity, OECD inflation, and total alliance with container ship capacity and interest rates.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.173-192
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• 2024

This study aims to understand the changes in the beauty industry due to the pandemic from the consumer's perspective based on consumers' opinions about their skin online before and after the pandemic. Furthermore, this study tries to derive strategies for companies and governments to support sustainable growth and innovation in the beauty industry. To this end, posts on social media from 2017 to 2022 that contained the keyword 'skin concerns' are collected, and after data preprocessing, 96,908 posts are used for the structural topic model. To examine whether consumers' interest areas related to skin change according to the pandemic situation, the analysis period is divided into 7 periods, and the variables that distinguish each stage are used as meta-variables for the structural topic model. As a result, it is found that consumers' interests can be divided into 22 topics, which can be categorized into four main categories: beauty manufacturing, beauty services, skin concerns, and other. The results of this study are expected to be utilized in construction of product development and marketing strategies of related companies and the establishment of economic support policies by the government in response to changes in demand in the beauty industry due to the pandemic.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.135-154
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• 2024

As the digital transformation accelerates, the demand for professionals with competencies in various digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data is increasing in the industry. In response, the government is developing various educational programs to nurture talent in these emerging technology fields. However, the lack of a clear definition of competencies, which is the foundation of curriculum development and operation, has posed challenges in effectively designing digital technology education programs. This study systematically reviews the definitions and characteristics of competencies presented in prior research based on a literature review. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 experts in emerging technology fields to derive a definition of competencies suitable for technology education programs. This research defines competencies for the development of technology education programs as 'a set of one or more knowledge and skills required to perform effectively at the expected level of a given task.' Additionally, the study identifies the elements of competencies, including knowledge and skills, as well as the principles of competency construction. The definition and characteristics of competencies provided in this study can be utilized to create more systematic and effective educational programs in emerging technology fields and bridge the gap between education and industry practice.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.687-692
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• 2024

The energy crisis is emerging as a serious problem around the world. In the case of Korea, there is great interest in energy efficiency research related to industrial complexes, which use more than 53% of total energy and account for more than 45% of greenhouse gas emissions in Korea. One of the studies is a study on saving energy through sharing facilities between factories using the same utility in an industrial complex called a virtual energy network plant and through transactions between energy producing and demand factories. In such energy-saving research, data collection is very important because there are various uses for data, such as analysis and prediction. However, existing systems had several shortcomings in reliably collecting time series data. In this study, we propose an intelligent IIoT platform to improve it. The intelligent IIoT platform includes a preprocessing system to identify abnormal data and process it in a timely manner, classifies abnormal and missing data, and presents interpolation techniques to maintain stable time series data. Additionally, time series data collection is streamlined through database optimization. This paper contributes to increasing data usability in the industrial environment through stable data collection and rapid problem response, and contributes to reducing the burden of data collection and optimizing monitoring load by introducing a variety of chatbot notification systems.