• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.267-273
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• 2011

Since 'The Act on Private Investment of The Infrastructure' was established in 1994, private investment as well as government's investment in transport infrastructure has been active. However investment in transport infrastructure has more risks than others' due to uncertainty both in traffic volume and in construction cost. In the current appraisal procedure of deciding transportation infrastructure investment, instead of risk management, the sensitivity analysis considering only the changes of benefit, cost and social discount rate which are main factor affecting economic feasibility is carried out. Therefore the uncertainty of various factors affecting demand, cost and benefit are not considered in feasibility study. In this study the problems in current investment appraisal system were reviewed. Using Delphi technique the major factors which have high uncertainty in feasibility study were surveyed and then improvement plan was suggested in the respective of classic 4 step demand forecasting method. The range estimation technique was also mentioned to deal with the uncertainty of the future.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 2018

Since South Korea has an economic structure that has a characteristic which market-dependent on overseas, the tourism industry is considered as a very important industry for the national economy, such as improving the country's balance of payments or providing income and employment increases. Accordingly, the necessity of more accurate forecasting on the demand in the tourism industry has been raised to promote its industry. In the related research, economic variables such as exchange rate and income have been used as variables influencing tourism demand. As information technology has been widely used, some researchers have also analyzed the effect of media on tourism demand. It has shown that the media has a considerable influence on traveler's decision making, such as choosing an outbound destination. Furthermore, with the recent availability of online information searches to obtain the latest information and two-way communication in social media, it is possible to obtain up-to-date information on travel more quickly than before. The information in online media such as blogs can naturally create the Word-of-Mouth effect by sharing useful information, which is called eWOM. Like all other service industries, the tourism industry is characterized by difficulty in evaluating its values before it is experienced directly. And furthermore, most of the travelers tend to search for more information in advance from various sources to reduce the perceived risk to the destination, so they can also be influenced by online media such as online news. In this study, we suggested that the number of online media posting, which causes the effects of Word-of-Mouth, may have an effect on the number of outbound travelers. We divided online media into public media and private media according to their characteristics and selected online news as public media and blog as private media, one of the most popular social media in tourist information. Based on the previous studies about the eWOM effects on online news and blog, we analyzed a relationship between the volume of eWOM and the outbound tourism demand through the panel model. To this end, we collected data on the number of national outbound travelers from 2007 to 2015 provided by the Korea Tourism Organization. According to statistics, the highest number of outbound tourism demand in Korea are China, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong and the Philippines, which are selected as a dependent variable in this study. In order to measure the volume of eWOM, we collected online news and blog postings for the same period as the number of outbound travelers in Naver, which is the largest portal site in South Korea. In this study, a panel model was established to analyze the effect of online media on the demand of Korean outbound travelers and to identify that there was a significant difference in the influence of online media by each time and countries. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the impact of the online news and blog eWOM on the number of outbound travelers was significant. We found that the number of online news and blog posting have an influence on the number of outbound travelers, especially the experimental result suggests that both the month that includes the departure date and the three months before the departure were found to have an effect. It is shown that online news and blog are online media that have a significant influence on outbound tourism demand. Next, we found that the increased volume of eWOM in online news has a negative effect on departure, while the increase in a blog has a positive effect. The result with the country-specific models would be the same. This paper shows that online media can be used as a new variable in tourism demand by examining the influence of the eWOM effect of the online media. Also, we found that both social media and news media have an important role in predicting and managing the Korean tourism demand and that the influence of those two media appears different depending on the country.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1983

This study was to estimate total annual volume growth by the measurement of mean tree growth during the last 10 years. Surveyed Forest stand was the second block (20.80 ha.)of Kyung Hee University Forests located at San 58 and 64, Gaegok-Ri, Gapyung-Yeup, Gapyung-Goon, Kyunggi province in Korea. The stand was mainly composed of uneven-aged Pinus densiflora and the estimation of tree volume was conducted by taking the cores at the D.B.H. of the sample tree which was selected by sub-sampling. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The regression between the diameter (D) and diameter growth ($\hat{I}$) was $\hat{I}=0.5499+0.0101D$. 2) The estimated equation of confidence interval for the diameter growth was $S^2{\hat{I}}=0.00817(0.09538-0.00952D+0.00027D^2$) 3) The equation for estimating tree height (H) from diameter was $H=1.32376D^{0.77958}$ 4) The equation for estimating tree volume from diameter and height $V=0.0000622D^{1.6918}H^{1.1397}$ 5) Total annual tree volume growth was $5.4041m^3/ha$, and ranged from 5.6131 to $5.1984m^3/ha$. 6) Annual growth rate of total tree volume and its error were 8.8% and 3.9%, respectively. The annual volume growth per tree for any districts can be estimated by this method, and the annual volume growth will be successfully predicted. Because of poor forest growing stock in Korea, annual amount of allowable cut should not exceed annual tree volume growth for better forest management. Accordingly, annual amount of allowable cut should be either equal to or less than annual tree volume growth for the balanced establishment between timber supply and demand in Korea. Demand shortage will be substituted with imported timber. Such plans enable Korean Government to develop a better policy of forest resources management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.156-165
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• 2007

The concepts of static seat allocation model has been used widely in the air transportation industry, and proven as a good concepts for managing perishable assets. The paper analyzed, in realistic environment, the volume of Accept Demand and Reject Demand through several times' simulation experiments at each fare level by using C-Program analyzing process applied to upward and downward models of demand, to analyze the change of fare level when upward and downward shifts of fare levels' demand happen at once. As a consequence, I concluded that the revenue of the case to consider the both shifts of demand at each fare level is bigger than that of the case to consider the single shift of demand at each fare level, except the case to downsize the seat allotment at very low price when supply is bigger than demand, with developing a general model concerned with plural fare levels.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.425-432
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• 2009

The construction industry has been a main pillar and serves as a regulator of the Hong Kong economy. Subsequently, the fluctuations in the level of construction output can induce significant rippling effects to the economy. The Asian Financial Crisis started in 1997 and the SARS outbreak in 2003 both introduced major challenges and impacts to the Hong Kong economy and consequently the construction sector. Such decline in the importance of construction has suggested a possible structural change in the sector. It is worth investigating the driving forces behind the construction demand and see if they have changed after the heavy impacts in the past decade. The above considerations have, therefore, been the motivation of the present study to model the Hong Kong residential construction demand through multiple regression technique which can identify the significant influencing factors to the residential demand. The residential construction is studied as it constitutes a significant portion of the total construction volume. The residential sector has great influence to the general economy of Hong Kong. It is found that the underlying market structure and the driving factors for Hong Kong residential demand before and after the Asian Economic Crisis and SARS outbreak are different, suggesting that the residential construction sector or even the larger construction industry may have undergone a major structural change as Hong Kong's economy approaches maturity. It is also observed that the past literatures on construction demand are mostly focusing on predicting demand under a stable economic environment. Hence, it is worth examining if it is possible to model during economic hardship when the residential sector fluctuate dramatically under different external impacts, such as the recent global financial tsunami.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-116
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• 1994

Today advanced traffic management systems are required because of a high increase in traffic demand. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to take advantage of image processing systems and present image processing methods available for collection of the data on traffic characteristics, and then to investigate the possibility of traffic flow analysis by means of comparison and analysis of measured traffic flow. Data were collected at two places of Daegu city and Kyongbu expressway by using VTR. Rear view (down stream) and frontal view (up stream) methods were employed to compare and analyze traffic characteristics including traffic volume, speed, time-headway, time-occupancy, and vehicle-length, by analysis of measured traffic flow and image processing respectively. Judging from the results obtained by this study, image processing techniques are sufficient for the analysis of traffic volume, but a frame grabber equipped with high speed processor is necessary as well, with low level system judged to be sufficient for traffic volume analysis.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2018

Online search has recently become a popular business research field not only because the search volume is used to predict demand, but also consumer search history is effective to predict product prices and investment returns. This study analyzes the relationship between the Internet search volume of IPO stocks and their post-IPO stock returns in Korean Exchange. We find that the lower the amount of Internet search for stocks before IPO, the higher the stock returns after IPO both in short and long-term. Similar results are shown for excess returns over benchmark stocks. This finding suggests that IPO stocks with low investors' attention based on the Internet search volume may be undervalued.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.23 no.A
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

The bio-micro pin is usually used for biochemistry analysis. The capability of manufacturing the micro-pin and array with effective and low-cost way is very important to developers. The micro-pin is composed of "sample channel" putting liquid into already fixed volume, "flat tip" having connection with printing quantity, and "head part" for preventing it from rotation of pin in the holder. We analyzed out printing variation in accordance with shape and tip size of the micro-pin point channel, In this study, we suggested the manufacturing progress and shape demand condition of the micro-pin which could put $0.2{\mu}{\ell}$-biochemistry material into the sample volume, and will be able to produce the micro-pin which can put $10n{\ell}$-biochemistry material into the sample volume in the future.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.630-637
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• 2002

This paper proposed a new diffusion model considering DSM rebate program's support conditions. The proposed method used some aspects of the rebate program such as support qualifications, annual support volume, and support level per appliance as following : The support qualifications were limited as the consumer which can get the rebate program's benefit, the annual support volume was constrained as the fixing budget and the support level per appliance was considered by high-efficient appliance actuality price. This paper also proposed a new method that used neural network as its parameter estimation moth[,4 for the diffusion model. The diffusion model and its parameter estimation method are expected to be able to analyze the diffusion characteristics of high-efficient appliance through the rebate program and the effects of rebate program's support conditions. Also, these will be able to evaluate the impacts and to analyze the cost-effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Demand-Side Management(EEDSM) resources. The case study is performed on the high-efficient lighting appliance rebate program of Korea by using the suggested diffusion model and estimation method and thus verified its validity.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.879-889
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• 2010

In this paper I summarize the compiling method of culture satellite account which has been recommended by international statistic organizations, and I suggest the required statistics which is need to compile Korean culture satellite account. Culture satellite account is recommended to be composed of five modules and each module has to has its specific function respectively. The first module is macro-information module, the second module is quantity/volume output module, the third module is characterization module, the fourth module is targeted analysis/analytical module, and the fifth module is documentation module. Each module is recommended to contain cultural demand and supply statistics of respective module from the first module to the fourth module.