• 제목/요약/키워드: Demand

검색결과 20,001건 처리시간 0.038초

Probabilistic seismic demand assessment of self-centering concrete frames under mainshock-aftershock excitations

  • Song, Long L.;Guo, Tong;Shi, Xin
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.641-652
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    • 2019
  • This paper investigates the effect of aftershocks on the seismic performance of self-centering (SC) prestressed concrete frames using the probabilistic seismic demand analysis methodology. For this purpose, a 4-story SC concrete frame and a conventional reinforced concrete (RC) frame are designed and numerically analyzed through nonlinear dynamic analyses based on a set of as-recorded mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences. The peak and residual story drifts are selected as the demand parameters. The probabilistic seismic demand models of the SC and RC frames are compared, and the SC frame is found to have less dispersion of peak and residual story drifts. The results of drift demand hazard analyses reveal that the SC frame experiences lower peak story drift hazards and significantly reduced residual story drift hazards than the RC frame when subjected to the mainshocks only or the mainshock-aftershock sequences, which demonstrates the advantages of the SC frame over the RC frame. For both the SC and RC frames, the influence of as-recorded aftershocks on the drift demand hazards is small. It is shown that artificial aftershocks can produce notably increased drift demand hazards of the RC frame, while the incremental effect of artificial aftershocks on the drift demand hazards of the SC frame is much smaller. It is also found that aftershock polarity does not influence the drift demand hazards of both the SC and RC frames.

생활체육시설의 수요에측에 관한 연구 (An Study on Demand Estimation for Lifetime Sports Facilities)

  • 민영기
    • 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.30-38
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the demand estimation erection of lifetime sports facilities for making an accurate estimate of its demand on the basis of the rate of the people participating in lifetime sports activities. Participation rate was determined on the basis of the fact-finding survey [by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism(2000)] as a basis research on facilities demand, and its demand was calculated by making an estimate of facilities demand. An estimate of facilities demand was made in the equation by participation population, facilities demand for each person, sports space area for each person, time of sports, cycle of sports, possible time to use of sports space. Facilities demand for each person by sports event is the following: $swimming;0.03m^2$, $basketball;0.045m^2$, martial arts(taekwondo, judo, korean fencing);0.003 $75m^2$, $aerobics;0.0289m^2,\;health;0.00326m^2,\;badminton;0.00323m^2,\;tennis;0.01429m^2,\;soccer;0.1112m^2,\;squash;0.01323m^2$.

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자연휴양림의 수요예측에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Forecasting of Demand for Natural Recreation Forest)

  • 김태진;안성노;변우혁
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 1993
  • Meeting the rapidly increasing demand for natural outdoor recreation, Korea Forestry Administration established 26 places of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ zones. By 2000 year, 100 zones were planned to cover the entire country. But there was no accurate information about demand of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$. Therefore, this study was carried out to forecast the quantitive demand of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$. To forecast the 'demand of 2001 year, forecasting unit was determined to $\ulcorner$Visitor. Day$\lrcorner$, and three quantifing methods were applied. The results of demand by each forecating method were as follows: 1) Questionnaire survey method for willingness to participate was 16,651,000(visitor. day). 2) application of similiar situation threshold method was 14,540,000(visitor. day). 3) Demand partition method by secondary data was 10,775,000(visitor, day). Comprised of these results. The scope estimate of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ demand was proposed as 8,110,000(Minimum) - 27,088,000(Miximum). The point estimate of demand which were proposed as strategic guidelines was 16,651,000(visitor. day). These results implied that recently announced 111 predetermined $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ zones supposed to be overcrowded meeting the forcasted demand level of 2001 year.

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시스템 다이내믹스법을 이용한 서울특별시의 장기 물수요예측 (Forecasting the Long-term Water Demand Using System Dynamics in Seoul)

  • 김신걸;변신숙;김영상;구자용
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 2006
  • Forecasting the long-term water demand is important in the plan of water supply system because the location and capacity of water facilities are decided according to it. To forecast the long-term water demand, the existing method based on lpcd and population has been usually used. But, these days the trend among the variation of water demand has been disappeared, so expressing other variation of it is needed to forecast correct water demand. To accomplish it, we introduced the System Dynamics method to consider total connections of water demand factor. Firstly, the factors connected with water demand were divided into three sectors(water demand, industry, and population sectors), and the connections of factors were set with multiple regression model. And it was compared to existing method. The results are as followings. The correlation efficients are 0.330 in existing model and 0.960 in SD model and MAE are 3.96% in existing model and 1.68% in SD model. So, it is proved that SD model is superior to the existing model. To forecast the long-term water demand, scenarios were made with variations of employment condition, economic condition and consumer price indexes and forecasted water demands in 2012. After all scenarios were performed, the results showed that it was not needed to increase the water supply ability in Seoul.

DR 기반의 건물 공조 부하관리 알고리즘 (Building AHU Load Control Algorithm based on Demand Response)

  • 김정욱
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제60권6호
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    • pp.1225-1228
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    • 2011
  • This paper presents an advanced energy saving algorithm in building. It is important to aggregate a various demand side resource which is controllable on demand response environment. Previous demand side algorithm for building is restricted on peak power. In this paper, we suggest duty cycle algorithm for AHU on demand response to reduce the quantity of building power consumption. The test results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective.

고효율기기의 수요측입찰 참여시의 비용-이익 분석 (Cost-Benefit Analysis on Participation of High Efficient Equipment in Demand-Side Bidding)

  • 원종률;김정훈
    • 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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    • 제54권8호
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    • pp.396-400
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    • 2005
  • This paper proposes the cost analysis on the energy efficient equipment when this equipment is participated in the demand-side bidding. Conventional demand-side bidding is exercised through load re-distribution. However if this load reduction is exercised by the use of high efficient equipment, its effect will be assumed to be more economical. This paper analyses this cost-benefit effect of high efficient equipment in the demand-side bidding.

고효율 기기의 수요자측 입찰을 고려한 수요관리 모니터링 시스템 (Demand-Side Management Monitoring System of High Efficient End-Use Appliances Considering the Demand-Side Bidding)

  • 심건보;김정훈;원종률
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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    • pp.68-70
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    • 2003
  • This paper proposes the demand-side management(DSM) monitoring system of high efficient end-use appliances considering demand-side bidding (DSB). The effect on the market propagation of high efficient appliances by demand side bidding is analysed. Seasonal Peak demand forecasting and propagation capacity of these appliances are analysed.

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전력선 모뎀을 이용한 최대 수요전력 관리 시스템 (Demand Controller Management System using Power Line Modem)

  • 김수곤;임병국;이원선;전희종
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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    • pp.1067-1070
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    • 2002
  • The maximum demand power management system(the demand controller) is an equipment for demand management. If the pre-estimated load is over the preset power, the demand controller make warnings and break the load circuit according to predefined priority. Then consumption power is maintained below the maximum demand power level. The DTU receives the control commands from demand controller, and then controls loads. In this paper, the power line cables are used for communication between the demand controller and DTUs and monitoring PC. The experiments show that the proposed system is compatible with the conventional system, and feasible for new or remodeling plant.

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The Consumer Rationality Assumption in Incentive Based Demand Response Program via Reduction Bidding

  • Babar, Muhammad;Imthias Ahamed, T.P.;Alammar, Essam A.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.64-74
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    • 2015
  • Because of the burgeoning demand of the energy, the countries are finding sustainable solutions for these emerging challenges. Demand Side Management is playing a significant role in managing the demand with an aim to support the electrical grid during the peak hours. However, advancement in controls and communication technologies, the aggregators are appearing as a third party entity in implementing demand response program. In this paper, a detailed mathematical framework is discussed in which the aggregator acts as an energy service provider between the utility and the consumers, and facilitate the consumers to actively participate in demand side management by introducing the new concept of demand reduction bidding (DRB) under constrained direct load control. Paper also presented an algorithm for the proposed framework and demonstrated the efficacy of the algorithm by considering few case studies and concluded with simulation results and discussions.

산업체 전력다소비 설비의 수요관리 기여도 및 효율향상 보급에 대한 경제성 평가분석 (Contributions of Large-Industrial Enterprise to Demand-Side Management and Economic Analysis on Diffusion of Energy Efficiency Measures)

  • 김성철;박종진
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 2012
  • Though electricity consumption amount in industry has been increased gradually, corresponding power supply show symptoms of marginal point. Importance of demand-side management from large-industries has also been raised. This paper deals with induction motor, which is one of representative examples of heavy electricity consumption utilities, to analyze potential technical capability, economic feasibility from consumers' viewpoint and demand-side management feasibility from nation-wide perspective. Nation-wide economic feasibility analysis was done through California test, which has been used as demand-side management evaluation model. This paper also describes limitation of existing high efficiency induction motor in terms of contribution to demand-side management and utilizes premium motor to calculate demand-side management contribution level and economic feasibility evaluation. Likewise, this paper emphasizes the efficiency improvement of induction motor and analyzes how much premium motor related technologies can contribute to demand-side management.