• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.526-533
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• 1991

The effect of dietary selenium on the activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) inhibited by the administration of lead were investigated in rats. The levels of dietary lead in the acetate form were 0(contro)200, 1, 000, 2, 000 and 5, 000ppm. Except control group four-level of lead diet groups were again subdivided into two depending on with and without 0.5ppm selenium supplementation. Sixty-three 40-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 141$\pm$5g were distributed into total of nine diet groups according to RCB design and fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Lead dietary groups did not show any significnat difference in food intake from the control group. Food efficiency and weight gain were lower in 2.000ppm and 5, 000ppm lead groups but not found in selenium supplemented ones. Hemoglobin contents hematocrit values ALAD activities in blood were significantly decreased and urinary aminolevulinic acid(ALA) excretion increa-sed with increasing dietary lead levels but partly restored by selenium supplementation. however only in 200, 1, 000 and 2, 000ppm dietary lead groups. On the other hand the hepatic ALAD activites of all four lead groups were recovered 19-30% from suppression by selenium supplementation. It was concluded that selenium administration alleviated lead toxicity in rats.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2018

Berries and branches essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea were obtained by electromagnetic induction heating assisted extraction and by hydrodistillation with a yield varied from ($1.2{\pm}0.3$ to $2.4{\pm}0.7%$) and from ($0.6{\pm}0.1%$ to $1.1{\pm}0.1%$), respectively. forty eight compounds were identified representing (97.2 - 99.7%) of the oil. ${\alpha}$-Pinene (40.3 - 67.8%) and ${\delta}$-3-carene (13.5 - 26.8%) were the main compounds in berries and branches essential oils. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by three means: inhibition of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, reducing power and ${\beta}$-Carotene/linoleic acid bleaching. The antioxidant activity of essential oils showed $IC_{50}$ ranging from $67.6{\pm}1.02{\mu}g/mL$ to $131.5{\pm}0.8{\mu}g/mL$ for berries and from $98{\pm}1.25{\mu}g/mL$ to $166.8{\pm}0.29{\mu}g/mL$ for the branches. Berries oil show more potent antioxidant activity compared to branches. This result is supported by the three methods investigated in this work.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.662-668
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• 2009

Brazilin was added to frying oil used in the production of potato chips and their antioxidative effects against Caesalpinia sappan L. were evaluated. Additionally, the antioxidative activity was tested under the same conditions that commercial antioxidants are evaluated. The peroxide value of the oil and fat extracted from the potato chips was 134 meg/kg oil, 84.06 meg/kg oil, 117.10 meg/kg oil and 68.56 meg/kg oil in the control group, BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) group, $\delta$-tocopherol (100 ppm) group and brazilin(100 ppm) group after storage for 30 days. The antioxidative effect of chips subjected to these treatments were 1.6 times, 1.14 times and 1.97 times greater than that of the control. In addition, the peroxide value was lower in the brazilin(100 ppm) group than in the BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) group and this group also had a superior effect at inhibiting the production of peroxide. Furthermore, an experiment conducted at high temperature using the Rancimat resulted in the antioxidant activity of brazilin(100 ppm) and BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) being 1.53 and 1.4 times greater than that of commonly used synthetic antioxidants. Finally, brazilin(100 ppm) effectively decreased the palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$)/linoleic acid($C_{18:2}$) value and increased the conjugated dienoic acid content to a greater degree than commercial antioxidants.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 1994

The discharge patterns and peripheral nerve inputs to cardiovascular neurons were investigated in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and raphe nucleus of cats. The data from the two were compared to determine their roles in cardiovascular regulation and the endogenous analgesic system. Animals were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$ and single cell activities were recorded by carbon-filament microelectrode and their relationships with cardiovascular activity were analyzed. In RVLM area, a total of thirty-three cells were identified as cardiovascular neurons. During one cardiac cycle, the mean discharge rate of the neurons was $1.96{\pm}0.29$ and the peak activity was observed 45 ms after the systolic peak of arterial blood pressure. Thirteen cells could be activated antidromically by stimulation of the the $T_2$ intermediolateral nucleus. Forty-three raphe neurons were identified as cardiovascular neurons whose mean discharge rate during one cardiac cycle was $1.02{\pm}0.12$. None of these cells could be activated antidromically. Study of the interval time histogram of RVLM neurons revealed that the time to the first peak was $128{\pm}20.0\;ms$, being shorter than the period of a cardiac cycle. The same parameter found from the raphe neurons was $481{\pm}67.2\;ms$, which was much longer than the cardiac cycle length. Of seventeen RVLM neurons examined ten received only the peripheral $A{\delta}-afferent$ inputs, whereas six RVLM neurons received both $A{\delta}-$ and C-inputs; the remaining one cell received an inhibitory peripheral C-input. In contrast, nine of eleven raphe neurons were found to receive $A{\delta}-inputs$ only. We conclude that the main output of cardiovascular regulatory influences are mediated through the RVLM neurons. The cardiovascular neurons in the raphe nucleus appear to serve as interneurons transferring cardiovascular afferent information to the raphespinal neurons mediating the endogenous analgesic mechanisms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.542-547
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• 2005

Hypersensitivity of cells lacking Brcal to DNA interstrand .ross-link (ICL) agents such as cisplatin and mitomycin C(MMC) implicates the important role of Brcal in cellular response following ICL treatment. Brca1 plays an essential role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination (HR)-dependent and -independent process. Recently, our group has been reported that Brca1 involves in cellular ICL response through HR-dependent repair process (Yun J. et at., Oncogene 2005). In this report, the involvement of Brca1 protein in HR-independent repair process is examined using isogenic $p53^{-/-}\;and\;p53^{-/-}\;Brcal^{-/-}$ mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and psoralen cross-linked reporter reactivation assay. Brcal-deficient MEFs showed significantly low HR-independent repair activity compare to Brca1-proficient MEFs. Hypersensitivity to MMC and ICL reporter repair activity were restored by the reconstitution of Brca1 expression. Interestingly, MEFs expressing exon 11-deleted isoform of Brca1 $(Brca1^{\Delta11/\Delta11})$ showed high resistance to MMC and ICL reporter repair activity comparable to Brca1-reconstituted MEFs. Taken together, these results suggest that Brca1 involves in ICL repair through not only HR-dependent process but also HR-independent process using N-terminal RINC finger domain or C-terminal BRCT domain rather than exon 11 region which mediate interaction with Rad50.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2003

A series of new quinclorac family, herbicidal 3-phenyl-5-(3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as substrate were synthesized and their growth inhibition activity $(pI_{50})$ against root and shoot of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) were determined. And then comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and molecular holographic quantitative structure- activity relationship (HQSAR) were compared in terms of their potential for predictiability. The statistical results were suggested that HQSAR based model had better predictability than CoMFA model. The selective factors to remove barnyard grass take electron withdrawing groups which can be created positive charge and steric bulky on the phenyl ring. Results revealed that the unknown 2,6-dichloro-substituent, U5 and 2,4,6-trichloro-substituent, U6(${\Delta}pI_{50}$=CoMFA: 1.18 & HQSAR: 1.82) were predicted as compound with higher activity and selectivity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Paf1 complex consists of five proteins, and they are structurally and functionally well conserved in yeast, fruit fly, plants, and human. With binding to RNA polymerase II from transcription start site to termination site, Paf1 complex functions as a platform for recruiting many types of transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. Paf1 complex contributes to H2B ubiquitination and indirectly influences on H3K4 di- and tri-methylation by histone crosstalk. But the individual effects of five components in Paf1 complex on these two histone modifications including H2B ubiquitination and H3K4 methylation largely remained to be identified. In this study, we constructed the single-gene knockout mutants of each Paf1 complex component and observed H3K4 mono-, di-, and trimethylation as well as H2B ubiquitination in these mutants. Interestingly, in each ${\Delta}paf1$, ${\Delta}rtf1$, and ${\Delta}ctr9$ strain, we observed the dramatic defect in H3K4 monomethylation, which is independent of H2B ubiquitination, as well as H3K4 di- and trimethylation. However, the protein level of Set1, which is methyltransferase for H3K4, was not changed in these mutants. This suggests that Paf1 complex may directly influence on H3K4 methylation by directly regulating the activity of Set1 or the stability of Set1 complex in an H2B ubiquitination independent manner.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.543-549
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• 2013

In this study, $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Cr_{0.7}M_{0.3}O_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$ (M=Mn, Ru, Fe, Ni) were prepared by sol-gel method and water gas shift reaction with simulated coal-derived syngas between $400{\sim}650^{\circ}C$ was conducted to evaluate the catalytic activity of prepared catalysts. Physico-chemical properties were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM-EDS and TPR. The formation of perovskite crystallite, $LaCrO_3$ was confirmed and the highest surface area was measured with $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Cr_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}O_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$. Equilibrium conversion of CO above $550^{\circ}C$ was achieved except $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Cr_{0.7}Fe_{0.3}O_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$. and methanation reaction was carried out as side reaction of water gas shift reaction with $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Cr_{0.7}Ni_{0.3}O_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$ and $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Cr_{0.7}Ru_{0.3}O_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$. Conclusively, $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Cr_{0.7}M_n{0.3}O_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$ was the most suitable catalyst of water gas shift reaction above $500^{\circ}C$ for CO conversion and hydrogen production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.569-575
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• 1988

Storage stabilities of ramyons fried in palm oil and beef tallow with added antioxidants and their synergists were investigated by comparing the changes in physicochemical parameters and n-hexanal concentrations of oils extracted from ramyons during storage. Ramyons fried in palm oil and beef tallow with added ${\delta}-tocopherol$ $({\delta}-toc)$ showed an enhanced storage stabilities when compared to those fried in the oils with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ $({\alpha}-toc)$. Ascorbyl palmitate was found to be a better synergist than citric acid for the antioxidant activity of both ${\delta}-toc\;and\;{\alpha}-toc$. Phenolic antioxidants gave a better storage stability than tocopherol when ramyon was fried in beef tallow, while a mixture of BHA and BHT gave an inferior storage stability than${\alpha}-toc$ when ramyon was fried in palm oil. The effectiveness of the antioxidants tested on storage stability of stored ramyon had a close relationship to the n-hexanal concentration. On the other hand, the paramenters such as peroxide value, carbonly value, and conjugated diene concentration showed inconsistency during the course of the storage experiment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in a variety of tumer cells, including MCF-7 cells. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system has been reported to be associated with the development of cancer. Although MCF-7 cell with AtRA is to be the major stimulus for the cell growth and apoptosis, the mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) system remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study was conducted to the effect of AtRA on the gene expression and level of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. In addition, we investigated the involvement of PKC-${\delta}$ on the IGF-I and IGFBP-3 secretion in MCF-7 cell. AtRA(${\geq}10^{-7}M$) decreased the IGF-1 secretion and mRNA expressions, but increased IGFBP-3 secretion and mRNA expressions in MCF-7 cells. Especially, the treatment of AtRA at 72 hours caused a significant reduction in the IGF-I secretion and mRNA expressions but increment in IGFBP-3 secretion and mRNA expressions (p < 0.05). $10^{-7}M$ AtRA activated PKC-${\delta}$ that is one among PKC-$\iota$, ${\alpha}$, ${\lambda}$ and ${\delta}$ in MCF-7 cell. Rotllerin, a PKC-${\delta}$ inhibitor, blocked AtRA-induced inhibition of the IGF-I and mRNA expressions, and increase of lGFBP-3 and mRNA expressions in MCF-7 cell. Together, AtRA inhibited the IGF-I secretion and mRNA expressions, but increased IGFBP-3 secretion and mRNA expressions in MCF-7 cell. Furthermore, AtRA-induced alteration of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 secretion, and the gene expressions were mediated via PKC-${\delta}$ activity.