• Title/Summary/Keyword: Delivery load

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Estimation of Pollutant Delivery Load in Hydraulic and Hydrologic Aspects for Water Quality Modeling (수질모델링을 위한 유달부하량의 수리·수문학적 산정)

  • Kim, Sang dan;Song, Mee Young;Kim, Hung Soo
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2004
  • A hydraulically and hydrologically based estimation method of pollutant delivery load for water quality modeling is proposed. The proposed method works on grid basis and routes overland flows from one cell to the next following the maximum downslope directions. The method is able to consider spatially-varied data of source pollutant, topography, land slopes, soil characteristics, land use and aspects, which can be extracted from geographic information systems (GIS) and from digital elevation models (DEMs). Because of this feature, the proposed method can be expected to be used for evaluating the impacts of various practices on watershed management for water quality.

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Empirical Equation for Pollutant Loads Delivery Ratio in Nakdong River TMDL Unit Watersheds (낙동강 오염총량관리 단위유역 유달율 경험공식)

  • Kim, Mun Sung;Shin, Hyun Suk;Park, Ju Hyun;Kim, Sangdan
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.580-588
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    • 2009
  • In this study daily flow rates and delivered pollutant loads of Nakdong river basin are simulated with modified TANK model and minimum variance unbiased estimator. Based on the simulation results, flow duration curves, load duration curves, and delivery ratio duration curves have been established. Then GIS analysis is performed to obtain several hydrological geomorphic characteristics such as watershed area, stream length, watershed slope and runoff curve number. Finally, multiple regression analysis is carried out to estimate empirical equations for pollutants delivery ratio. The results show that there is positive relation between the flow rates and delivery ratios, and the proposed empirical formulas for delivery ratio can predict well river pollutant loads.

Estimation and Investigation of the Pollutant Delivery Rate of Sapkyo Reservoir (삽교호의 오염물질 유달률 산정 조사 및 평가연구)

  • Lee, Youngshin;Shin, Sanghee;Lee, Taeho
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study investigates the delivery characteristics according to the load of pollutants by calculating the delivery rate of targeted areas on pollutants in Sapkyo reservoir. The main rivers of Sapkyo reservoir are Namwoncheon, Dogocheon, Sapkyocheon, Muhancheon and Gokgyocheon. The delivery rate and their characteristics of five major rivers during rainfall season are investigated. As th result, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorous (T-P) of total delivery rate are calculated by 0.40, 0.34 and 0.08, respectively. The delivery rate of T-P compares to other water quality is investigated relatively low. Looked at the overall characteristics of the watershed, the delivery rate of T-N and T-P is little change in the rate of the year, too. The delivery rate of T-N is calculated from 0.2 to 0.3 in the dry season, and from 0.31 to 0.39 in a flood, respectively. The delivery rate of T-P is calculated to more than 0.3 in the dry season, and 0.11 in a flood. It is similar values which the average annual delivery rate of T-P is 0.08. Therefore, the measured delivery rate of Sapkyo reservoir can be applicable such as a delivery rate of similar features of the terrain and land use.

A Study on the Analytical Approach for Reliability Assessment Considering Interruption Cost in Distribution Systems (정전비용특성을 고려한 배전계통의 신뢰도평가에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Seok-Hwan;Rho, Dae-Seok;Choi, Jae-Seok;Cha, Jun-Min
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2001.07a
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    • pp.270-272
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    • 2001
  • This paper deals with the analytical approach for the reliability assessment in radially operated distribution systems. The approach can estimate the expected reliability performance of distribution systems by a direct assessment of the configuration of the systems using the reliability indexes such as NDP(Non-Delivery Power) and NDE(Non-Delivery Energy). The indexes can consider the number and configuration of the load, but can not consider the characteristics of the load which is the one of the most important factor in the investment cost for the distribution systems. Therefore, This paper presents the new indexes considering the expected interruption cost for the load section and shows the effectiveness by simulating at the model systems.

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A Study on the Optimal Investment Method for Distribution Systems Interconnected with Dispersed Generations (분산전원이 연계된 배전계통의 최적 설비투자 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Rho, Dae-Seok
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.57 no.12
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    • pp.2179-2185
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    • 2008
  • This paper deals with the optimal investment method for distribution facilities, based on the analytical approach for the reliability assessment in distribution systems interconnected with new dispersed generations. The existing approach can estimate the expected reliability performance of distribution systems by a direct assessment of the configuration of the systems using the reliability indexes such as NDP(Non-Delivery Power) and NDE(Non-Delivery Energy). The indexes can only consider the number and configuration of the load, but can not consider the characteristics of the load which is the one of the most important factor in the investment cost for the distribution systems. Therefore, this paper presents the new performance indexes for the investment of the distribution facilities considering both the expected interruption cost for the load section and the operation characteristics of dispersed generations. The results from a case study show that the proposed methods can be a practical tool for the voltage management in distribution systems including dispersed sources.

Physiological workload evaluation for the backpack carrying tasks of the soft drink beverage delivery job (음료 운반 등짐 작업의 생리적 작업부하 평가)

  • Chung, Min-Keun;Lee, Yue-Jung;Lee, In-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.110-116
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    • 2000
  • The soft drink deliveries are made for a broad line of soft drink products by using a hand truck and the backpack mode of carriage. The workers usually deliver the beverages by backpack mode of carriage, because they feel safe with such a carrying method in stairways. In this study, the physiological workload of backpack carrying was investigated, especially focused on the effects of weight of load and carrying by the stairway. A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure heart rate and oxygen uptake during backpack carrying tasks, and an ergonomic guideline was proposed for such type of task based on the results of the experiment. Eight healthy male subjects performed the backpack carrying of 40kg and 60kg, (1) on the level ground, (2) upstairs and (3) downstairs. The result showed that the stairways caused the increased physiological cost, and that a carrying load of 60kg required significantly higher physiological cost as compared to carrying 40kg. Although backpack carrying has some advantages in the biomechanical aspect, it should be advised to carry a load of less than 40kg, since the task requires a very high physiological cost. During backpack carrying, it is also recommended for a delivery person to make more trips with a light load rather than to make less trips with a heavier load at one trip.

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Estimation of Pollutant Load Delivery Ratio for Flow Duration Using L-Q Equation from the Oenam-cheon watershed in Juam Lake (유량-부하량관계식을 이용한 주암호 외남천 유역의 유황별 유달율 산정)

  • Choi, Dong-Ho;Jung, Jae-Woon;Lee, Kyoung-Sook;Choi, Yu-Jin;Yoon, Kwang-Sik;Cho, So-Hyun;Park, Ha-Na;Lim, Byung-Jin;Chang, Nam-Ik
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study is to provide pollutant loads delivery ratio for flow duration in Oenam-cheon watershed, which is upstream watershed of Juam Lake. To calculate the delivery ratio by flow duration, rating curves and discharge-loads curves using measured data were established, then Flow Duration Curve(FDC) and pollutant loads delivery ratio curves were constructed. The results show that the delivery ratios for $BOD_5$ for abundant flow($Q_{95}$), ordinary flow($Q_{185}$), low flow($Q_{275}$), and drought flow($Q_{355}$) were 23.9, 12.7, 7.1, and 2.9%, respectively. The delivery ratios of same flow regime for T-N were 58.4, 31.2, 17.2 and 7.1%, respectively. While, the delivery ratios T-P were 17.3, 7.5, 3.4, and 1.1% respectively. In general, delivery ratio of high flow condition showed higher value due to the influence of nonpoint source pollution. Based on the study results, generalized equations were developed for delivery ratio and discharge per unit area, which could be used for ungaged watershed with similar pollution sources.

A Study about the Influence of Pollutant Load on Water Quality in a Small Stream Watershed (소하천의 오염부하량이 수질에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Cho, Wook-Sang
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.9-19
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    • 2001
  • An intensive watershed survey including water quality measurement of 6 times was carried out in order to find out the relationship between pollutant load and water quality in a small stream watershed where livestock wastewater is the main source of water pollution. The findings from the survey are as follows. 1) The number of livestock showed large disagreement among county office, myon, and insite survey. It is vital to check the data at the beginning of watershed survey. 2) The fluctuation of streamflow and water quality was so large depending on the day of measurement that it is essential to set up continuous telemetering system to get reliable data about delivery ratio of pollutants. 3) It was helpful for setting the priority of investigation to check water quality and quantity at several points along the stream after dividing the watershed into 5 drainage areas. 4) To control the livestock wastewater, especially in case of cows, it is necessary to have roof system and prevent overland flow from the ground. In case of pig farms, it is recommended to have public treatment system instead of private treatment system. The exact emission load of livestock wastewater was difficult to estimate, and requires more study.

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A Study on the Reliability Assessment Considering Interruption Cost of Load Characteristics in Distribution Systems (배전계통에서 정전부하 특성비용을 고려한 신뢰도평가 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Rho, Dae-Seok;Kim, Jae-Eon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.899-904
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    • 2008
  • This paper deals with the analytical approach for the reliability assessment in radially operated distribution systems. The approach can estimate the expected reliability performance of distribution systems by a direct assessment of the configuration of the systems using the reliability indexes such as NDP(Non-Delivery Power) and NDE(Non-Delivery Energy). The indexes can consider the number and configuration of the load. but can not consider the characteristics of the load which is the one of the most important factor in the investment cost for the distribution systems. Therefore, this paper presents the new indexes considering the expected interruption cost for the load section and shows the effectiveness by simulating at the model systems.

A New Multicast Routing Protocol for Multicast Delivery Agent-based Mobile-IPv6 in 3GPP2 IMT-2000 System (3GPP2 IMT-2000 시스템에서 멀티캐스트 전달 대리자 기반의 새로운 Mobile-IPv6 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜)

  • Park, Byeong-Seob;Kim, Sung-Soo
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2002
  • We present a new MDA-based Mobile-IPv6 multicast routing algorithm for wirelese service operators to offer Mobile-IP over IMT-2000 service under IMT-2000 network by taking advantage of the existing infrastructure for IMT-2000 multimedia application services. The extended IMT-2000 system architectures use an PDSNs (i.e. IWFs), and the home network (i.e. Internet) backbone and intermediate network are composed of ATM entities. A key feature of the new protocol is the use of MDA(Multicast Delivery Agent) to reduce delivery path length of the multicast datagram. We show that proposed protocol is efficient in terms of various performance measures such as multicast traffic load, multicast related handoff, and average routing length when we implement it using the Mobile-IPv6. Particularly, the number of tunneling and average routing length of datagram are reduced relatively, the multicast traffic load is also decreased.