• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2013.01a
• /
• pp.338-343
• /
• 2013

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a delivery method fully capitalizes on an integrated project team that takes advantage of the knowledge of all team members to maximize project outcomes. IPD is currently the highest form of collaboration available because all three core project stakeholders, owner, designer and contractor, are aligned to the same purpose. Compared with traditional project delivery approaches such as Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Design-Build (DB), and CM at-Risk, IPD is distinguished in that it eliminates the adversarial nature of the business by encouraging transparency, open communication, honesty and collaboration among all project stakeholders. The team appropriately shares the project risk and reward. Sharing reward is easy, while it is hard to fairly share a failure. So the compensation structure and the contingency in IPD are very different from those in traditional delivery methods and they are expected to encourage motivation, inspiration and creativity of all project stakeholders to achieve project success. This paper investigates the compensation structure in IPD and provides a method to determine the proper level of contingency allocation to reduce the risk of cost overrun. It also proposes a method in which contingency could be used as a functional monetary incentive when established to produce the desired level of collaboration in IPD. Based on the compensation structure scenario discovered, a probabilistic contingency calculation model was created by evaluating the random nature of changes and various risk drivers. The model can be used by the IPD team to forecast the probability of the cost overrun and equip the IPD team with confidence to really enjoy the benefits of collaborative team work.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2015

In this study, we attempted to improve hospital food delivery service quality and customer satisfaction by using FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), which is applied to the quality control of products in manufacturing plants. Subjective food delivery service quality improvement was judged based on a 5-point likert scale. Traditional FMEA uses an RPN (Risk priority number) to evaluate the risk level of a component or process. The RPN index was determined by calculating the product of severity, occurrence, and detection indexes. In our results, total RPN value (P<0.01) significantly decreased after FMEA introduction, whereas customer satisfaction (P<0.001) and food delivery service quality (P<0.001) significantly increased. Specifically, foodservice errors (P<0.01) and loss cost (P<0.01) were significantly improved by FMEA introduction. Taken together, we suggest that FMEA reduces critical activities and errors in foodservice delivery caused by simple priority selection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.33 no.11
• /
• pp.1707-1718
• /
• 2009

This study examines the effects of perceived risks on purchase decision behavior among Internet fashion consumers. The study survey used a self-administered questionnaire and a total data of 244 responses were used for analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, the perceived risks consist of 6 factors, quality risk, counterfeit product risk, credit dealing risk, social/psychological risk, size and appearance risk, and delivery risk. The purchase decision behavior consist of 3 factors, delay of purchase decision, website switching, and offline conversion behavior. Second, purchase time positively affected the quality risk and credit dealing risk. Purchase frequency negatively affected the quality risk and credit dealing risk. Third, the quality risk, size and appearance risk, counterfeit product risk, and credit dealing risk positively affected the delay of purchase decisions. Quality risk and counterfeit product risk positively affected website switching. In addition, quality risk, social/psychological risk, and credit dealing risk positively affected the offline conversion behavior. Fourth, credit dealing risk negatively affected a short term purchase intention and the delivery risk negatively affected a long term purchase intention. The social/psychological risk and credit dealing risk negatively affected the repurchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.5 s.142
• /
• pp.637-648
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences among internet and TV home-shopping perceived risk segments in regard to clothing shopping orientations and purchase intention. The subjects used for the study were 290 female consumers aged from 20 to 40 living in Seoul. The study used factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and $\chi^2-test$. The results showed that the Internet and TV home-shopping perceived risks consisted of 9 factors: Products uncertainty risk, Internet shopping mall trust risk, account-related risk, delivery risk, social risk, size risk, exchange/return risk, TV watching-related risk, and price risk. The cluster analysis showed that there were five groups segmented: Size risk/TV watching risk group, Social risk/Internet trust risk group, Return risk/TV watching low-risk group, Delivery risk/product trust group, and Product risk group. The clothing shopping orientations were classified by 5 factors: Planned shopping, pleasure shopping, sales/fashion oriented shopping, time saving shopping, and credit card preference/in-store oriented shopping. The results showed that the five segmented perceived risk groups differed in regard to clothing shopping orientations, purchase intention, and demographics. Further group differences and implications of the results were discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 2005

Objectives: To propose a risk-adjustment model from insurance claims data, and analyze the changes in cesarean section rates of healthcare organizations after adjusting for risk distribution. Methods: The study sample included delivery claims data from January to September, 2003. A risk-adjustment model was built using the 1st quarter data, and the 2nd and 3rd quarter data were used for a validation test. Patients' risk factors were adjusted using a logistic regression analysis. The c-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the performance of the risk-adjustment model. Crude, predicted and risk-adjusted rates were calculated, and compared to analyze the effects of the adjustment. Results: Nine risk factors (malpresentation, eclampsia, malignancy, multiple pregnancies, problems in the placenta, previous Cesarean section, older mothers, bleeding and diabetes) were included in the final risk-adjustment model, and were found to have statistically significant effects on the mode of delivery. The c-statistic (0.78) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test ($x^2$=0.60, p=0.439) indicated a good model performance. After applying the 2nd and 3rd quarter data to the model, there were no differences in the c-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow $x^2$. Also, risk factor adjustment led to changes in the ranking of hospital Cesarean section rates, especially in tertiary and general hospitals. Conclusion: This study showed a model performance, using medical record abstracted data, was comparable to the results of previous studies. Insurance claims data can be used for identifying areas where risk factors should be adjusted. The changes in the ranking of hospital Cesarean section rates implied that crude rates can mislead people and therefore, the risk should be adjusted before the rates are released to the public. The proposed risk-adjustment model can be applied for the fair comparisons of the rates between hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2023

Due to the steady growth of the online shopping market and contact-free consumption, the volume of parcels in South Korea continues to increase. However, there is a lack of manpower for delivery workers to handle the growing parcel volume, leading to frequent accidents related to delivery work. As a result, the government and local authorities strive to enhance last-mile logistics efficiency. As one of these measures, unmanned parcel storage lockers are installed and utilized to handle last-mile deliveries. However, the existing parcel storage involves the inconvenience of couriers having to put each parcel in each locker, and this is somewhat insufficient to relieve the workload of delivery workers. In this study, we propose parcel storage devices that use active loading technology to minimize the workload of delivery workers, extract operation risk factors to apply this system to actual sites, and establish risk reduction methods based on the ALARP concept. Through this study, we have laid the groundwork for improving the safety of the system by identifying and proposing mitigation measures for the risk factors associated with the proposed parcel storage devices utilizing active loading technology. When applied in practical settings in the future, this foundation will contribute to the development of a more efficient and secure system. By applying the ALARP concept, a systems engineering technique used in this research, to the development and maintenance of storage devices leveraging active loading technology, it is thought to make the development process more systematic and structured. Furthermore, through the risk management of the proposed system, it is anticipated that a systematic approach to quality management can be employed to minimize defects and provide a stable system. This is expected to be more useful than the existing unmanned parcel storage devices.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.127-143
• /
• 2006

As the number of Internet users increases, online shopping malls are gradually flourishing and sales are continuously growing. However, since consumers are not able to check what they purchase when buying products on the Internet, they are bound to have higher risk perception than buying directly from off-line stores. Especially, sporting goods require a special attention because a preliminary test is important. Therefore, the risk perception is much higher when people purchase sporting goods online. This study first identifies the multi-dimensionality of risk perception. Then, it investigates whether online purchasing experience of sporting goods makes differences in the level of risk perception. In addition, it examines whether the risk perception by those who had an experience in purchasing sporting goods online affects the customer satisfaction. This study has identified five dimensions in the concept of risk perception, such as financial risk, performance risk, security risk, delivery risk, and psychological/physical risk. A statistical analysis shows that people without an experience in purchasing sporting goods online have perceived significantly higher performance risk, security risk, and psychological/physical risk than those with online purchasing experiences. Finally, this study has found that delivery risk, financial risk, and psychological/physical risk have significant negative influences on the customer satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.40 no.7
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine related variables to goods purchase by consumers using the home shopping of cable TV. For the purpose accomplishment, this study analyzed the variables which influence on the purchase by demographic variables, consumers'shopping propensity, perceived risk and benefit. The major findings are as follows; In the purchase of convenience goods, the variables which influence positively are sex, job(housewife), instantly impulse purchasing propensity, and diversity of goods information. On the other hand, the variables which influence negatively are risk of delivery & returned goods, and risk of quality. In the purchase of shopping goods, the variables which influence positively are state of marriage, job(nonspecialist), and diversity of goods information. On the other hand, the variables which influence negatively are pleasure of shopping-oriented, risk of delivery & returned goods, and risk of quality. In the purchase of specialty goods, the variables which influence positively are sex, income, convenience of time, and convenience of approach. On the other hand, the variables which influence negatively are pleasure of shopping-oriented, and risk of price & information restriction.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.249-260
• /
• 2019

The study examines the impact of financial risk, convenience risk, non-delivery risk; return policy risk and product risk on online consumer behavior of Malaysian consumers. The research employed a self-administered survey to collect empirical data from 245 Malaysian online shoppers by using convenience sampling. Cronbach alpha was calculated to confirm the reliability of the data and then normality was assessed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was then conducted to test the model using the goodness-of-fit tests. And finally, structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses and draw conclusions. IBM SPSS AMOS version 22.0 was utilized for data analysis. The research indicates that product risk, convenience risk, and return policy risk have a significant and positive impact on online shopping behavior. Financial risk is found to have insignificant and negative effects on consumer behavior. In addition, the non-delivery risk is found to have a significant and negative impact on online shopping behavior. The findings provide a useful model for measuring and managing perceived risk in online shopping which may result in an increase in participation of Malaysian consumers and reduce their cognitive deficiencies in the e-commerce environment. Several managerial implications are discussed along with the scope for future research.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of combination of herbal medicine and conventional treatment on preterm labor patient at high risk for preterm delivery. Methods: The patient in this case was 33-year-old female with gravid 3, para 2, abortus 1. She experienced 1 preterm birth 5 years ago. She visited our clinic with lower abdominal pain at 14th gestational week. We treated her by herbal medicine. She also take vaginal progesterone from 19th gestational week to 34th gestational week. Results: She maintained her pregnancy until giving a birth by cesarean section at 38th gestational week. No adverse effects were not observed among mother or infant. Conclusions: Combination of herbal medicine and conventional treatment is effective on preterm labor patient at high risk for preterm delivery.