• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2014

In this paper, we posit that time-related effects (i.e., the importance of saving time) on patronage preference for shopping online will be moderated by consumer characteristics. To explore these moderating effects, we empirically examine the moderating roles of consumer characteristics on the respective effects of shopping-time-saved and delivery on online purchase preference. On the basis of analyses performed on data gleaned from an Internet-based survey, this study demonstrate that time effects related to both shopping-time-saved and delivery on online purchase preference are more pronounced for consumers who are male, young, and more starved for time. In addition, the effect of delivery time on online patronage preference is amplified by disposable income, but attenuated by online shopping experience. Through our analyses, we also find that Japanese consumers value delivery time to a greater degree than Chinese and American consumers do.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Third Party Logistics (TPL) providers offer outsourced logistics services to companies for part or sometimes all of their supply chain management. Although TPL market is increasing rapidly and drawing much attention from various aspects, it is not easy to find the researches dealing with relations between TPL providers and home delivery companies dealing with small-sized cargo. This study focused on service dimensions which TPL providers consider when they choose a home delivery company. In this paper, we found five factors of service dimensions including delivery charge, logistics management shills, partnership, and then investigated which dimensions affect TPL providers' preference. In addition, we showed that the logistics management skills are more important than the delivery charge which has commonly been considered the most important factor. This study offers managerial insights on TPL providers' prefer once which we can hardly find in theoretical and practical perspective.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.463-486
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find out the differences of preferences in e-Learning contents delivery types according to information searching retrieval ability in agricultural high school students. Contents delivery types are limited three kinds which are HTML type, video type, and text type and need to know about differences. The following summarizes the results of this study. On the preference of e-Learning contents delivery type on information searching retrieval ability had differences. High level group of information searching retrieval ability showed that they mostly preferred text contents delivery type. However, low level group of information searching retrieval ability showed that they preferred video contents delivery type. The results support our belief that there could be the differences in preferences in e-Learning delivery types with students' information searching retrieval abilities. We suggest that delivery types of e-Learning should be based on the students not on designers and developers.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1029-1060
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• 2014

The purpose of this study are to figure out whether there are the meaningful differences between learner's learning achievements and contents preference in accordance with the delivery strategies (instructor-focused model, learner-focused model) of learning materials suggested by Bloom in web-based instruction, and to suggest the various options on the contents delivery strategies to improve the learner's learning achievements of each learning domains. Learning domains were divided by the cognitive domain, the affective domain, and the psychomotor domain. The result of research with 182 learners showed that learner-focused model in the cognitive domain caused higher learning achievements and preference than instructor-focused model. And instructor-focused model in the psychomotor domain compared with learner-focused model caused higher learning achievements and preference. However, there were less meaningful differences in the affective domain. In other words, learner-focused model is appropriate to the feature of the cognitive domain while instructor-focused model is appropriate to the feature of the psychomotor domain. The results suggest that delivery strategies should be chosen by domains of learning contents in order to improve learner's learning achievements in web-based instruction. Learner-focused delivery strategies in the cognitive domain and instructor-focused delivery strategies in the psychomotor domain need to be considered positively. Delivery strategies should be studied and developed in order to lead higher learning achievements and preference.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2021

This study aims to empirically analyze the differences between groups of customers who prefer delivery food, which is rapidly growing amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and those who prefer the traditional practice of visiting offline restaurants. Based on the eating out lifestyle, participants were divided into three groups: participants who prefer food delivery, those who prefer to visit restaurants, and those who favor both. The comparison of differences between the groups was analyzed. A total of 215 questionnaires were distributed, and reliability and validity were verified with a sample of 201 copies, excluding 14 unreliable respondents. Then, a multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. The results showed that regarding offline restaurants, the group of customers who prefer to visit restaurants valued their atmosphere, while the customers who prefer delivery food valued the reputation of the restaurant. Regarding delivery-specialized restaurants, the group of customers who prefer delivery placed greater value on coupon events and payment convenience than other groups. The results revealed that the difference between the customers who prefer to visit restaurants and those who prefer delivery food was identified through empirical analysis, which provides strategic implications for catering companies and restaurant industries during COVID-19 in Korea.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2024

Purpose: By studying the effects of SNS advertising characteristics and SNS advertising music characteristics conducted by companies on advertising preference and advertising effects, we would like to suggest a plan for effective SNS advertising operation. Research design, data and methodology: In this study, a total of 483 surveys were collected for college student consumers in their 20s who had experience seeing advertisements on SNS, and 458 were used for the final analysis. In addition, the collected questionnaire data were analyzed using statistical programs SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0, and Sobel Test was performed through structural equation modeling and regression analysis. Results: Advertising preference, purchase, and recommendation intentions increased as consumers who saw advertisements on SNS perceived the characteristics of advertisements (information, entertainment, individuality, and interactivity). However, advertising preference was not formed by SNS advertising music characteristics (fun, information delivery, unconscious stimulation, and emotional homogeneity). In addition, the higher the perception of SNS advertising music characteristics (fun, information delivery, unconscious stimulation, and emotional homogeneity), the more advertising effects such as purchase and recommendation intentions were linked, and the higher the perception of SNS advertising music characteristics (fun, information delivery, unconscious stimulation, and emotional homogeneity), the more advertising effects such as purchase and recommendation intentions could be created. Finally, it was confirmed that advertising preference had a partial mediating effect between SNS advertising characteristics and advertising effects, and between SNS advertising music characteristics and advertising effects. Conclusions: Unlike previous studies that have investigated the causal relationship of advertising effects according to sub-factors such as SNS advertising characteristics and SNS advertising music characteristics, it is significant in that it analyzes the variables used in the study as secondary factors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1991

From of old, labor has been accompanied by pain and much effort has been mode to eliminate or diminish the amounts of pain during labor. Little concern has yet been given to the subjective meaning of pain in labor. Recently, rates of cesarean section in Korea and in some other nations have increased rapidly and some investigators are reporting negative reactions such as anger, disappointment and feeling of loss due to lack of control over labor and its pain. These findings are thought to suggest that control of labor and its pain gives some meaning to the laboring woman. Thus the investigators sought to discover the meaning of pain during labor for Korean women. Specific objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of pain in labor to the mothers, their reactions to the experience of labor add their preference for delivery method. The subjects of this study were 95 mothers who delivered their babies in hospital from September 989 to May 1990 : 45 gave birth by vaginal delivery, and 50 by cesarean section. Data were gathered through direct interviews by the investigators, and questions were focused on five areas i.e. mothers' feelings about delivery and their babies, their feelings about of having more children, the most difficult aspect about this labor and delivery, and what they thought the differences were between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. After interview, mothers' answers were summarized, and classified according to the degree of positive or negative attitude. To ascertain the difference in meaning of labor pains and reaction to delivery experience between mothers delivered vaginally and by cesarean section a Median test was done using an SAS. Results were as follows. 1. More mothers who had delivered vaginally realized that they “have became a mother” than those who had a cesarean section(X$^2$＝8.409, df＝3, p＝0.038). 2. Immediate reaction to their delivery experience was more positive for mothers who had a cesarean section. 3. These Korean mothers expressed preference for vaginal delivery. Suggestions for further research on the meaning for mothers of their experience of labor, and on the meaning of pain for mothers who have a cesarean section were made.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to improve last mile delivery capability and ensure customers' satisfaction by approaching an analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and identifying criteria framework to determine locations of last mile delivery centre(LMDC). Research design, data, and methodology - Traffic congestion and emission policy in cities are barriers of last mile delivery in dense areas. The urban consolidation centre(UCC) cannot increase last mile delivery efficiency in dense cities because of their space and traffic limitation. In this paper, we develop a case to improve last mile delivery efficiency and to ensure customers' satisfaction by concentrating on LMDC. In addition, AHP has been applied to identify criteria framework and determine LMDC locations. The weighted priorities are derived from parcel delivery industry experts and have been calculated using Expert Choice software. Results - The framework criteria have assisted decision makers to place LMDC in a dense area to enhance customer's satisfaction with last mile delivery service. Conclusions - AHP has provided ranking framework criteria of LMDC potential for parcel delivery industry. The LMDC helps by improving last mile delivery efficiency to final destination amids conditions of CO₂ emissions, traffic congestion, and pollution problems. It especially concerns delivery service activities when delivering parcels to customers rather than UCC.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.367-373
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• 2018

Background: Fear of local anesthesia (LA) is a significant impediment to dental care as many patients delay or avoid treatment to avert pain. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD), with constant and controlled rate of flow, present a painless alternative. The present study aimed to compare anxiety and pain perceived with conventional and computerized systems, for different stages of anesthesia delivery when administering various nerve blocks. Methods: One hundred patients requiring bilateral LA participated in the study. One side was anesthetized using one system and the contralateral side was anesthetized using the other, in two separate appointments. Patients assigned anxiety scores on a 5-point scale and used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain determination at needle insertion, during delivery of anesthetic solution, immediately after injection, and at the end of the periodontal procedure. Each patient's preference for the delivery system of future injections was also recorded. Results: Patients reported significantly lower anxiety levels with CCLAD compared to the syringe. Significantly lower mean VAS scores for anesthesia deposition, pain immediately after, and at the end of the periodontal procedure were also noted. However, pain at needle insertion was comparable between the two systems, with no statistical significance. Overall, 64.4% patients preferred CCLAD for future anesthesia. Conclusion: Lower pain perceived with CCLAD and higher preference for the system suggest that CCLAD should replace conventional syringes to allow pain-free dental treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.444-453
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• 1992

Recent research reported that postpartum mothers showed different responses according to the type of delivery, and though most mothers preferred vaginal delivery to cesarean section, the numbers of negative comments about the delivery experience were higher in a vaginal delivery group than in a cesarean section group. This study set out to understand the meaning of vaginal delivery as perceived by mother who delivered their babies vaginally and how the mothers felt about their delivery experience. The subjects of this study were 17 primiparous mothers right after vaginal delivery in one university affiliated hospital. Date were collected from March to April, 1992 through interviews lasting 20∼30 minutes using open ended questions about the delivery experience. The data were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method and categorized according to similarity of countent. The meaning of the vaginal delivery was grouped in to four categories and the reason for vaginal in to three. One category of the meaning of vaginal delivery was pain, consisting of the subcategories too painful, want to be rid of the pain, unbearable pain and bearable pain. Another cutegory was a sense of accomplishment containing the subgroups wonderful, good and being finished, The third category was the feeling of becoming a mother The fourth category was that of not having any sense yet of the experience. The reasons for preference for vaginal delivery to a cesarean section were categorized in to the instinctive thinking that vaginal delivery was the natural method, a shortened period of recovery and a lower incidence of complications and a stronger feeling of maternal identity.