• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.213-221
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• 2021

Many Korean domestic masonry structures constructed since 1970 have been found to be vulnerable to earthquakes because they lack efficient lateral force resistance. Many studies have shown that the brick and mortar suddenly experience brittle fracture and out-of-plane collapse when they reach the inelastic range. This study evaluated the seismic retrofitting of non-reinforced masonry with Hybrid Super Coating (HSC) and Cast, manufactured using glass fiber. Four types of specimen original specimen (BR-OR), one layered HSC (BR-HS-O), two-layered HSC (BR-HS-B), one layered HSC, and Cast (BR-CT-HS-O) were constructed and analyzed using compression, flexural tensile, diagonal compression, and triplet tests. The specimen responses were presented and discussed in load-displacement curves, maximum strength, and crack propagation. The compressive strength of the retrofit specimens slightly increased, while the flexural tensile strength of the retrofit specimens increased significantly. In addition, the HSC and Cast also produced a considerable increase in the ductile response of specimens before failure. Diagonal compression test results showed that HSC delayed brittle cracks between the mortar and bricks and resulted in larger displacement before failure than the original brick. The triplet test results confirmed that the bonding strength of the retrofit specimens also increased. The application of HSC and Cast was found to restrain the occurrence of brittle failure effectively and delayed the collapse of masonry wall structures.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.152-163
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• 2019

In this paper, effect of steel fiber inclusion, compressive strength of matrix, shear reinforcement and shear span to depth ratio on the flexural behavior of UHPFRC(Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete) were investigated with test of 10-UHPFRC beam specimens. All test specimens were subjected to the flexural static loading. It was shown that steel fiber significantly improve the shear strength of UHPFRC beams. 2% volume fraction of steel fiber change the mode of failure from shear failure to flexural failure and delayed the failure of compressive strut with comparatively short shear span to depth ratio. UHPFRC beams without steel fiber had a 45-degree crack angle and fiber reinforced one had lower crack angle. Shear reinforcement contribution on shear strength of beams can be calculated by 45-degree truss model with acceptable conservatism. Using test results, French and Korean UHPFRC design recommendations were evaluated. French recommendation have shown conservative results on flexural behavior but Korean recommendation have shown overestimation for flexural strength. Both recommendations have shown the conservatism on the flexural ductility and shear strength either.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.8 s.279
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• pp.554-560
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• 2005

The engineering ceramic needs the properties of high strength, hardness, corrosion-resistance and heat-resistance in order to withstand thermal shock or applied nonuniform stresses without failure. The densely coated porous ceramics can be used for machine component, electromagnetic component, bio-system component and energy-system component by their high-performances from superior coating properties and light-weight characteristics due to the structure including pore by itself. In this study we controlled the porosity of silica and alumina, $8.2\~25.4\%$ and $23.4\~36.0\%$, respectively, by the control of sintering temperature and starting powder size. We made bilayer structures, consisting of a transparent glass coating layer bonded to a thick substrate of different porous ceramics by a thin layer of epoxy adhesive, facilitated observations of crack initiation and propagation. The elastic modulus mismatch could be controlled using different porous ceramics as the substrate layer. Then we applied 150 N force using WC sphere with a radius of 3.18 mm by Hertzian indentation. As a result, the crack initiation in the coating layer was delayed at lower porosity in the substrate layer, and the damage in the coating layer was relatively smaller at the bilayer structure coated on higher elastic substrate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.869-874
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• 2014

It was discovered in a Korean PWR that an extensive number of very short and shallow cracks in the SG tubes were undetectable by eddy current in-service-inspection because of the masking effect of sludge deposits. Axial stress corrosion cracks at the outside diameter of the steam generator tubes near the line contacts with the tube support plates are the major concern among the six identical Korean nuclear power plants having CE-type steam generators with Alloy 600 high temperature mill annealed tubes, HU3&4 and HB3~6. The tubes in HB3&4 have a less susceptible microstructure so that the onset of ODSCC was substantially delayed compared to HU3&4 whose tubes are most susceptible to ODSCC among the six units. The numbers of cracks detected by the eddy current inspection jumped drastically after the steam generators of HB4 were chemically cleaned. The purpose of the chemical cleaning was to mitigate stress corrosion cracking by removing the heavy sludge deposit, since a corrosive environment is formed in the occluded region under the sludge deposit. SGCC also enhances the detection capability of the eddy current inspection at the same time. Measurement of the size of each crack using the motorized rotating pancake coil probe indicated that the cracks in HB4 were shorter and substantially shallower than the cracks in HU3&4. It is believed that the cracks were shorter and shallower because the microstructure of the tubes in HB4 is less susceptible to ODSCC. It was readily understood from the size distribution of the cracks and the quantitative information available on the probability of detection that most cracks in HB4 had been undetected until the steam generators were chemically cleaned.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.238-248
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• 2019

In the high-temperature and high-pressure irradiation environments, the multi-field coupling processes of hydrogen diffusion, hydride precipitation and mechanical deformation in Zircaloy cladding tubes occur. To simulate this hydrogen-induced complex behavior, a multi-field coupling method is developed, with the irradiation hardening effects and hydride-precipitation-induced expansion and hardening effects involved in the mechanical constitutive relation. The out-pile tests for a cracked cladding tube after irradiation are simulated, and the numerical results of the multi-fields at different temperatures are obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) the hydrostatic stress gradient is the fundamental factor to activate the hydrogen-induced multi-field coupling behavior excluding the temperature gradient; (2) in the local crack-tip region, hydrides will precipitate faster at the considered higher temperatures, which can be fundamentally attributed to the sensitivity of TSSP and hydrogen diffusion coefficient to temperature. The mechanism is partly explained for the enlarged velocity values of delayed hydride cracking (DHC) at high temperatures before crack arrest. This work lays a foundation for the future research on DHC.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2023

This study experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite slabs composed of an innovative negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) steel plate and Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) slab connected via demountable high-strength bolt shear connectors. Eight demountable composite slab specimens were fabricated and tested under traditional four-point bending method. The effects of loading histories (positive and negative bending moment), types of steel plate (NPR steel plate and Q355 steel plate) and spacings of high-strength bolts (150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm) on the flexural behavior of demountable composite slab, including failure mode, load-deflection curve, interface relative slip, crack width and sectional strain distribution, were evaluated. The results revealed that under positive bending moment, the failure mode of composite slabs employing NPR steel plate was distinct from that with Q355 steel plate, which exhibited that part of high-strength bolts was cut off, part of pre-embedded padded extension nuts was pulled out, and UHPC collapsed due to instantaneous instability and etc. Besides, under the same spacing of high-strength bolts, NPR steel plate availably delayed and restrained the relative slip between steel plate and UHPC plate, thus significantly enhanced the cooperative deformation capacity, flexural stiffness and load capacity for composite slabs further. While under negative bending moment, NPR steel plate effectively improved the flexural capacity and deformation characteristics of composite slabs, but it has no obvious effect on the initial flexural stiffness of composite slabs. Meanwhile, the excellent crack-width control ability for UHPC endowed composite members with better durability. Furthermore, according to the sectional strain distribution analysis, due to the negative Poisson's ratio effect and high yield strength of NPR steel plate, the tensile strain between NPR steel plate and UHPC layer held strain compatibility during the whole loading process, and the magnitude of upward movement for sectional plastic neutral axis could be ignored with the increase of positive bending moment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.877-885
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• 1995

Cold forging die for metal scissor is made by electric discharge machine. The impression of female die is made by electric discharge machine, the heat treatment is applied, and the impression is polished. When we forge goods by using this kind of die, the abrasion is severe and the crack occurs after forging about 240 strokes. Because the die should be frequently produced in the case, the cost rises, the work is delayed, and the precesion of goods is not good. Therefore, the electric discharge machine was not used in this study. Main die was produced by making hob, installing the hob to cold hobbing press, indenting the die material, and cold hobbing the impression. The die life was increased to 5,000-6,000 strokes in this case. In the future study, the die life will be increased to 10,000 strokes by changing the following : (1) the pre-treatment of slug, (2) the structure of die block, (3) the heat treatment of die material

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 1992

In this study, corrosion fatigue test of SAPH45 steel was performed by the use of plane bending fatigue tester in marine environment and investigated fracture surface growth behavior of base metal and heat affected zone corrosion fatigue. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) Fracture surface growth of heat affected zone (HAZ) is delayed more than that of base matel (BM), and they tend to faster in seawater than in air. 2) Corrosion sensitivity to corrosion fatigue life of HAZ is more susceptible than that of BM. 3)In the case of the corner crack by corrosion fatigue, the correlation between the propagation rate of fracture surface area(dA/dN) and stress intensity factor range(ΔK) for SAPH45 are applied to Paris rule as follows: dA/dN=C(ΔK) super(m) where m is the slope of the correlation, and is about 6.60-6.95 in air and about 6.33-6.41 in seawater respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 1984

The characteristics of the stress corrosion cracking of SUS 304 stainless steel were studied with the specimens of the constant displacement type under the environment of various MgCl sub(2) aqueous solutions. Main results obtained are as follows; 1) Latent time of crack initiations is delayed in the SCC under low condition of initial stress intensity K sub(Ii) value. 2) SCC occurs owing to the passive film-rupture by both load and Cl ion under MgCl sub(2) boiled aqueous solution. 3) The susceptibility of SCC can be largely improved by reducing the temperature in case of the high concentration of MgCl sub(2) aqueous solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.539-547
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• 2010

Laser shock peening is useful to improve fatigue characteristic of multiple number of metals and alloys. This process induces a compressive residual stress on the metal surface, and when tensile load is applied, growth of crack is delayed and which changes the characteristic of the metal surface. It is an innovative surface treatment technique for strengthening metals. Specimens of SM45C are used in this study. The effect of an inertial tamping layer on the residual stress field using laser shock peening setup and Nd:YAG laser power is evaluated. Residual stress distribution measured by X-ray diffraction. As a result of this study it can be presented that following condition of Nd:YAG laser power and inertial tamping layer parameters, compressive residual stress is generated on the surface of the SM45C. Results to experimental data indicate that laser shock peening has great potential as a means of improving the mechanical performance of the metal surface.