• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

The working mechanism of bisphosphonate on bone cells is unclear despite its powerful inhibitory activity on bone resorption. The differentiation and activation of osteoclasts are essential for bone resorption and are controlled by the stimulatory RANKL and inhibitory OPG molecules. Teeth exhibit a range of movement patterns during their eruption to establish their form and function, which inevitably accompanies peripheral bone resorption. Hence, the mandible, which contains the teeth during their eruption processes, is a good model for revealing the inhibitory mechanism of bisphosphonate upon bone resorption. In the present study, RANKL and OPG expression were examined immunohistochemically in the mandible of rats with developing teeth after alendronate administration (2.5 mg/kg). The preeruptive mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 to 10 showed the developing stages from bell to crown. No morphological changes in tooth formation were observed after alendronate administration. The number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone around the developing teeth decreased markedly at postnatal days 3, 7 and 10 compared with the control group. RANKL induced strong positive immunohistochemical reactions in the dental follicles and stromal cells around the mandibular first molar. In particular, many osteoclasts with strongly positive reactions to RANKL appeared above the developing mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 and 10. Immunohistochemical reactions with RANKL after alendronate administration were weaker than the control groups. However, the immunohistochemical reactivity to OPG was stronger after alendronate administration, at postnatal days 3 and 10. These results suggest that alendronate may decrease bone resorption by regulating the RANKL/OPG pathway in the process of osteoclast formation, resulting in a delay in tooth eruption.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Objectives: The pandemic of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has required decision-makers to act in the face of the substantial uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the potential impact of the pandemic response strategies in the Republic of Korea using a mathematical model. Methods: We developed a deterministic model of a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in a structured population using the demographic data from the Korean population and the epidemiological feature of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. To estimate the parameter values for the deterministic model, we used the available data from the previous studies on pandemic influenza. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea for novel influenza A (H1N1) virus such as school closure, mass vaccination (70% of population in 30 days), and a policy for anti-viral drug (treatment or prophylaxis) were applied to the deterministic model. Results: The effect of two-week school closure on the attack rate was low regardless of the timing of the intervention. The earlier vaccination showed the effect of greater delays in reaching the peak of outbreaks. When it was no vaccination, vaccination at initiation of outbreak, vaccination 90 days after the initiation of outbreak and vaccination at the epidemic peak point, the total number of clinical cases for 400 days were 20.8 million, 4.4 million, 4.7 million and 12.6 million, respectively. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea delayed the peak of outbreaks (about 40 days) and decreased the number of cumulative clinical cases (8 million). Conclusions: Rapid vaccination was the most important factor to control the spread of pandemic influenza, and the response strategies of the Republic of Korea were shown to delay the spread of pandemic influenza in this deterministic model.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2002

땅콩 수확시기 및 첨가제에 따른 땅콩경엽의 수량 및 사일리지용 사료가치를 비교 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수확시기별 생육은 개화후 90일 수확시 경엽의 병해(갈색무늬병 및 흑색무늬병) 발생 정도가 낮고, 성숙협비율은 89%, 100립중은 81g으로 높았다. 2. 수확시기에 따른 경엽 및 종실 생산성은 개화후 90일에 경엽은 52 t/ha, 종실중은 3.6 t/ha이었다. 3. 경엽과 종실수량간에는 고도의 정상관($r^2$=0.62$^{**}$ )이 있었다. 4. 땅콩경엽의 사일리지 사료가치는 땅콩경엽+볏짚+젖산균 조제시 ADF 42.2%, NDF 49.6%, CP 10.5%, TDN 55.6%이었다. 5. 땅콩경엽 사일리지의 유기산함량은 땅콩경엽+볏짚 및 땅콩경엽+보릿짚에다 젖산균 첨가시 각각 산도 5.04 및 5.10, 낙산함량 3.12% 및 4.64%, 젖산함량은 7.34% 및 2.07%이었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Biochar-based fertilizers delay the nutrient release and feature a slow release effect for agricultural and environmental advantages. This experiment was conducted to evaluate agro-environmental effects of different application ratios of modified biochar pellets supplemented. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments consisted of the control, 40% N, 60% N and 60% N (0.07M MgO) of modified supplemented biochar pellets (MSBP), which were based on recommended ratio of nitrogen for rice cultivation. For the paddy water, the NH₄-N and NO₃-N concentrations in whole treatments rapidly increased at 84 days and 40 days after transplanting, respectively. The PO4-P concentrations in the MSBP were generally lower than those of the control. For the paddy soil, NH₄-N concentrations in the MSBP were higher than those of the control at 5 days after transplanting, while NO₃-N concentrations were not significantly different in the treatments through rice cultivation. P₂O₅ concentrations in the control were higher than those of the MSBP until 40 days after transplanting while K₂O concentrations were not significantly different among the treatment. The highest carbon sequestration was 970 kg ha^-1 in the 60% N (0.07M MgO), and the potential carbon storage in the 60% N (0.07M MgO) was higher at 222 kg ha^-1 than the control during rice cultivation. It shown that the rice yield in the control was not significantly different from the 40% N and 60% N (0.07M MgO) application plots. CONCLUSION: Application of MSBP for rice cultivation was effective for carbon sequestration and agro-environmental effects even though nitrogen application ratio was reduced at 40% based on recommended application ratio of fertilizer.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2007

본 연구는 매실농축액이 김치의 발효 중 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 매실농축액을 0, 0.1, 0.3 및 0.5% 첨가하여 만든 김치를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 한 달 동안 발효시키면서 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성을 비교하였다. 매실농축액 무첨가구의 pH는 발효 2일째 크게 낮아졌고, 매실 첨가구들은 일시적 증가 현상을 보였다. 그 후 모든 첨가구가 점진적으로 감소하다가 18일 부터 pH값은 거의 변화를 보이지 않았다. 총산 함량은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였으며, 매실농축액 무첨가구에 비해 첨가구의 총산 함량은 전반적으로 낮게 관찰되었다. 환원당 함량은 발효 10~12일동안 매실농축액 첨가구에서 약 70%정도 감소하였다. 총 비타민 C 함량은 모든 첨가구에서 발효 6일에 최고수준에 도달한 뒤 서서히 감소하였다. 환원당 함량 및 총 비타민 C 함량은 매실농축액 무 첨가구보다 첨가구에서 약간 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 매실농축액에 함유된 환원당 및 비타민 C 에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 총균수와 젖산균수는 모든 첨가구에서 발효가 진행되면서 서서히 증가하여 최대균수를 도달한 후 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 매실농축액 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 총균수와 젖산균수는 감소하였다. 이상의 실험결과들은 매실농축액이 pH의 저하를 지연시키고 미생물 생육을 억제함으로써 김치의 발육 숙성을 지연시키는 효과를 나타내고 있다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2015

본 연구는 방사선 조사 후, 난소 적출을 한 흰쥐에 있어서 골회복과정 중에 셀레늄(Se)에 의한 보호 작용을 평가한 연구이다. 목적 수행을 위해 난소 적출술을 실시한 암컷 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐 80마리를 무작위로 ovariectomized(Ov), Ov/Se, Ov/irradiated(Irr) 그리고 Ov/Se/Irr와 같이 4개의 처리군으로 구분하였다. 골 결손은 난소적출(ovariectomy) 후, 40일에 모든 공시동물의 경골(tibia)에서 만들어졌다. 수술 후, 48시간에 Ov/Se군과 Ov/Se/Irr 처리구의 흰쥐에만 0.8 mg Se/kg을 투여하였다. 수술 후, 72시간에 Ov/Irr 군과 Ov/Se/Irr 처리구의 흰쥐에만 10Gy의 X-rays 조사를 사지부위(limb region)에 실시하였다. 수술 후, 모든 공시동물은 7, 15, 22 그리고 29일에 안락사를 시키고, 섬유주골형(trabecular bone)의 개수 분석(Masson Trichrome) 과 복 굴절 분석(Picrosirius)에 의해서 골 회복과정을 평가하였다. 난소적출한 군 및 방사선 조사한 군에서 골 재생 과정이 지연되는 현상을 확인이 가능하였다. 결론적으로, 셀렌산염 (sodium selenite)은 독성 없이 난소 적출을 한 흰쥐의 경골(tibia)의 골 재생과정에서 방사선 보호작용을 할 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

국화는 개화를 위해서는 30일의 지속적인 단일 처리가 요구되는 원예작물인데 본 연구에서는 국화의 화형별 홑꽃 타입의 'Limelight', 'sunlight', 'Candle Light', 'Firebrand', 'Twilight'와 겹꽃 타입의 'Spirit', 'Sunburst Spirit', 'Mandalay', 'Illini Harvest'가 단일 (SD)-장일 (LD)-단일 (SD)의 일장 처리가 생장 및 개화조절 반응에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 30일간의 단일처리와 5일 또는 10일 동안의 장일처리 후 5일 또는 10일 동안의 단일조건을 각각 처리하였다. 품종별 차이는 없었으나 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD 처리는 개화를 지연시키고 설상화 수가 증가되었다. 특히 'Firebrand'와 'Candlelight' 품종의 설상화 수는 각각 40개와 60.8개로 대조구에 비해 현저히 증가되었다. 또한 SD-LD-SD처리는 개화를 6일에서 7일정도 지연시키는 것 외에는 큰 효과를 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 'Illini Harvest'와 'Limelight의 설상화 수는 어떤 SD-LD-SD 처리에 의해서도 증가되지 않았다. 따라서 추후 새로운 품종별 일장처리에 따른 추가적인 연구 분석이 뒤따라야 할 것으로 판단되며 본 연구 결과는 국화의 신품종 육성을 위한 자료에 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2018

Purpose: Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was performed. A total of 19 children with oropharyngeal tularemia were included. Results: Before diagnosis, the duration of symptoms in patients was $32.15{\pm}17.8days$. The most common lymph node localization was the cervical chain. All patients received medical treatment (e.g., streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline). Patients who had been given streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline as initial therapy for 10-14 days showed no response to treatment, and recovery was only achieved after administration of oral ciprofloxacin. Response to treatment was delayed in 5 patients who had been given ciprofloxacin as initial therapy. Surgical incision and drainage were performed in 9 patients (47.5%) who were unresponsive to medical treatment and were experiencing abcess formation and suppuration. Five patients (26.3%) underwent total mass excision, and 2 patients (10.5%) underwent fine-needle aspiration to reach a conclusive differential diagnosis and inform treatment. Conclusion: The causes of treatment failure in tularemia include delay in effective treatment and the development of suppurating lymph nodes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2515-2518
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• 2012

Aim: To study the causes and significance of both microscopic and macroscopic haematuria in adult patients and assess possible relevance to early detection of urological cancers. Methods: 417 patients presenting with haematuria were assessed in our Urology Unit. Following confirmation of haematuria, these patients were subjected to imaging techniques and flexible cystoscopy. Parameters analysed included clinical characteristics, imaging results, flexible cystoscopy findings, time delay to diagnoses and eventual treatment and final diagnoses of all cases. Results: 390 haematuria cases were analysed from 417 consecutive patients with haematuria. After 27 cases were excluded as they had previous history, 245 microscopic and 145 macroscopic. Age range was 17 to 95 years old with predominance of 152 females to 239 males. The racial distribution included 180 Chinese, 100 Indians,95 Malays and 15 other races. The final diagnoses were benign prostatic hyperplasia (22.6%), no cause found (22.3%), other causes (18.7%), urolithiasis (11.5%), urinary tract infection UTI (10.8%), non specific cystitis (10.3%), bladder tumours (2.8%) and other genitourinary tumours (1%). 11 new cases (2.8%) of bladder cancers were diagnosed, with a mean age of 59 years. Only 3 of 245 (1.2%) patients with microscopic haematuria had newly diagnosed bladder tumour compared with 8 of 145 (5.5%) patients with frank haematuria (p=0.016). Mean time taken from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of bladder cancer was 53.3 days with definitive treatment (TURBT) in 20.1 days from diagnosis. Conclusion:- This study has highlighted the common causes of haematuria in our local setting. We recommend that full and appropriate investigations be carried out on patients with frank haematuria especially those above 50 years old in order to provide earlier detection and prompt management of bladder diseases especially tumours.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 1986

수도의 재배 환경차이에 따른 탈립성 변이를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수후 일수에 따른 탈립율 변이는 품종간에 다소 상이한 경향이었으나 역탈립성 품종에서 수확시기별 탈발률 변이가 큰 편이었다. 2. 수확후 건조일수에 따른 탈립률 변리는 수확직후보다는 6 일간 건조시켰을 때 탈립률이 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 3. 재배시기별 탈립률 변리는 재배시기가 늦어질수록 탈립률이 낮아졌으며 이러한 경향은 역탈립성품종에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 4. 탈립성의 연차간 변이도 유의한 변이가 인정되었으며 역탈립성 품종에서 더욱 높게 나타났다. 5. 질소 시비수준 증가함에 따라 대체로 탈립률이 높아지는 경향이었으며 역탈립성 품종에서 그 변이정도가 컸다. 6. 출수전 11∼5일 사이의 저온처리와 저온 및 차광처리에서 탈립률이 가장 높게 나타났으며 밀양2003는 저온처리에 비해 저온과 차광을 동시에 처리했을 때 탈립률이 더욱 높게 나타났다.