• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

Delaminated rotator cuff tear pertains to the horizontal split of the tendon substance. As reported previously, the presence of a delaminated tear and incidence of delaminated rotator cuff tear ranges from 38% to 92%. The different strain intensities applied across the rotator cuff tendon, and the shear stress between the bursal and articular layers seem to play a role in its pathogenesis. In a delaminated rotator cuff tear, the degree and direction of retraction between two layers differ, with accompanying intrasubstance cleavage. A surgeon therefore needs to consider and carefully evaluate the tear characteristics when repairing delaminated rotator cuff tear. Delaminated rotator cuff tear is considered to be a poor prognostic factor after rotator cuff repair, but numerous surgical repair techniques have been introduced and applied to resolve this problem. Recent literature has reported good clinical outcomes after delaminated rotator cuff repair.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

Free vibration analysis of radialiy multi-delaminated beams with through-the-width multi-delamination is performed in the present study. The multiple delaminations are considered to be in a radial manner through the thickness from the top surface of the beam. The natural frequencies of the radially multi-delaminated beams are calculated from a new algorithm that is based on the single compound delaminated beam model. That is, beams with radial multi-delaminations are regarded as the sum of a single compound delamlnated beam that is the single sub-delaminated beam from the top surface of global beam. Each result of frequency equation for the single delaminated beam with unknown boundary conditions obtained through continuity conditions Is updated to the next one, With these sequential operations, the final frequency equation of radially multi-delaminated beams is obtained for both ends boundary conditions of global beam. The numerical results carried out for the beams are compared with those of some references to give the reliance on the proposed algorithm and to investigate the effects of the shape, number, size of multi-delaminations on the natural frequency. Compared with the other previously presented model, the proposed algorithm is more flexible in modeling and formulating as the total array size of frequency equation is always four by four. Therefore, the proposed algorithm will reduce the effort of user in formulating the physical model to the numerical model.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

In this proposed work new finite element model for multi-delaminated plates is proposed. In the current analysis procedures of multi-delaminated plates, plate element based on Mindlin plate theory is used in order to obtain accurate results of out-of-plane displacement of thick plate. And for delaminated region, plate element based on Kirchhoff plate theory is considered. To satisfy the displacement continuity conditions, displacement vector based on Kirchhoff theory is transformed to displacement of transition element. The numerical results show that the effect of delaminations on the modal parameters of delaminated composites plates is dependent not only on the size, the location and the number of the delaminations but also on the mode number and boundary conditions. Kirchhoff based model have higher natural frequency than Mindlin based model and natural frequency of the presented model is closed to Mindlin based model.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.501-508
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• 2001

Free vibration analysis of multi-delaminated composite beam-columns subjected to axial compression load is performed in the present study. In order to investigate the effects of multi-delaminations on the natural frequency and elastic buckling load of multi-delaminated beam-columns, the general kinematic continuity conditions are derived from the assumption of constant slope and curvature at the multi-delamination tip. Characteristic equation of multi-delaminated beam-column is obtained by dividing the global multi-delaminated beam-columns into segments and by imposing recurrence relation from the continuity conditions on each sub-beam-column. The natural frequency and elastic buckling load of multi-delaminated beam-columns according to the incremental load of axial compression, which is limited to the maximum elastic buckling load of sound laminated beam-column, are obtained. It is found that the sizes, locations and numbers of multi-delaminations have significant effect on natural frequency and elastic buckling load, especially the latter ones.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

In this proposed work, computational, finite element model far multi-delaminated plates will be developed. In the current analysis procedures of multi-delaminated plates, different elements are used at delaminated and undelaminated region separately. In the undelaminated region, plate element based on Mindlin plate theory is used in order to obtain accurate results of out-of-plane displacement of thick plate. And for delaminated region, plate element based on Kirchhoff plate theory is considered. To satisfy the displacement continuity conditions, displacement vector based on Kirchhoff theory is transformed to displacement of transition element. Element mass and stiffness matrices of each region (delaminated, undelaminated and transition region) will be assembled for global matrix.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.767-780
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• 2015

Delaminations and cracks are common failures in structures. They may significantly reduce the stiffness of the structure and affect their vibration characteristics. In the present study, an analytical solution is developed to study the effect of an edge crack on the vibration characteristics of delaminated beams. The rotational spring model, the 'free mode' and 'constrained mode' assumptions in delamination vibration are adopted. This is the first study on how an edge crack affects the vibration characteristic of delaminated beams and new nondimensional parameters are developed accordingly. The crack may occur inside or outside the delaminated area and both cases are studied. Results show that the effect of delamination length and thickness-wise location on reducing the natural frequencies is aggravated by an increasing crack depth. The location of the crack also influences the effect of delamination, but such influence is different between crack occurring inside and outside the delaminated area. The difference of natural frequencies between 'free mode' and 'constrained mode' increases then decreases as the crack moves from one side of the delaminated region to the other side, peaking at the middle. The analytical results of this study can serve as the benchmark for FEM and other numerical solutions.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2018

Background: Delaminated rotator cuff tear is known to be a degenerative tear having a negative prognostic effect. This study undertook to compare the anatomical and clinical outcomes of delaminated tears and single layer tears. Methods: Totally, 175 patients with medium to large rotator cuff tears enrolled for the study were divided into 2 groups, based on the tear pathology: single layer tear (group 1) and delaminated tear (group 2). Preoperatively, length of the remnant tendon, muscle atrophy of supraspinatus (SS), and fatty degeneration of SS and infraspinatus (IS) muscles were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For follow-up, the repair integrity of the rotator cuff was evaluated by ultrasonography. Clinical outcomes were assessed by evaluating the Constant score (CS) and Korean Shoulder Score (KSS). Results: Retears were detected in 6 cases of group 1 (6.5%) and 11 cases of group 2 (13.3%). Although higher in group 2, the retear rate was significantly not different (p=0.133). Preoperative MRI revealed length of remnant tendon to be $15.46{\pm}3.60mm$ and $14.17{\pm}3.16mm$ (p=0.013), and muscle atrophy of SS (occupation ratio) was $60.54{\pm}13.15$ and $56.55{\pm}12.88$ (p=0.045), in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Fatty degeneration of SS and IS in both groups had no significant differences. Postoperatively, no significant differences were observed for CS and KSS values between the groups. Conclusions: Delaminated rotator cuff tears showed shorter remnant tendon length and higher muscle atrophy that correlate to a negative prognosis. These prognostic effects should be considered during delaminated rotator cuff tear treatment.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.501-518
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• 2007

In this work, a new approach is developed for dynamic analysis of a composite beam with an interply crack, based on finite element solution of partial differential equations with the use of the COMSOL Multiphysics package, allowing for fast and simple change of geometric characteristics of the delaminated area. The use of COMSOL Multiphysics package facilitates automatic mesh generation, which is needed if the problem has to be solved many times with different crack lengths. In the model, a physically impossible interpenetration of the crack faces is prevented by imposing a special constraint, leading to taking account of a force of contact interaction of the crack faces and to nonlinearity of the formulated boundary value problem. The model is based on the first order shear deformation theory, i.e., the longitudinal displacement is assumed to vary linearly through the beam's thickness. The shear deformation and rotary inertia terms are included into the formulation, to achieve better accuracy. Nonlinear partial differential equations of motion with boundary conditions are developed and written in the format acceptable by the COMSOL Multiphysics package. An example problem of a clamped-free beam with a piezoelectric actuator is considered, and its finite element solution is obtained. A noticeable difference of forced vibrations of the delaminated and undelaminated beams due to the contact interaction of the crack's faces is predicted by the developed model.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.469-479
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• 2001

In the present study, free vibration analysis of multi-delaminated beams is performed. In order to investigate the effects of mu1ti-delaminations on the dynamic characteristics of multi-delaminated beams, the general kinematic continuity conditions are derived from the assumption of constant curvature at the multi-delamination tip. Frequency equations of multi-delaminated beams are obtained by dividing the global multi-delaminated beam into beam segments and by imposing recurrence relation from the continuity conditions un each sub-beam. The comparisons between the results of numerical analysis obtained by finite element analysis and those of present analysis give good agreement with each other. It is shown that the effects of multi-delaminations on free vibration characteristics of laminated beams could be used to detect their sizes, types and locations from the results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.211-228
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• 2012

Present study deals with the development of finite element based solution methodology to investigate active control of dynamic response of delaminated composite shells with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The formulation is based on first order shear deformation theory and an eight-noded isoparametric element is used. A coupled piezoelectric-mechanical formulation is used in the development of the constitutive equations. For modeling the delamination, multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated in the finite element code. A simple negative feedback control algorithm coupling the direct and converse piezoelectric effects is used to actively control the dynamic response of delaminated composite shells in a closed loop employing Newmark's time integration scheme. The validity of the numerical model is demonstrated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. A number of parametric studies such as the locations of sensor/actuator patches, delamination size and its location, radius of curvature to width ratio, shell types and loading conditions are carried out to understand their effect on the transient response of piezoceramic delaminated composite shells.