• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

In general, building energy performance is evaluated with a detailed transient building energy simulation program. However, energy evaluation tools with the bin method are still used, because of their simple and easy way to calculate building energy performance, without reducing their precision. In this research, several heating and cooling degree day methods are compared, and evaluated with their performance for variable base temperature. This analysis considered about ten years of the continuous outdoor temperature, in the Seoul and Busan areas. It is concluded that the simplified bin method is more or less acceptable for Seoul and Busan, compared with the detailed hourly bin method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1984

This study was investigation of the change of fine structure of hemp cellulose at different growing stages. The samples collected about every eight day were divided into seven groups based on plants height, then they were numbered from 1 to 7 in the order of their height. For this, the degree of crystallinity, orientation and crystallite size were measured by wide angle X-ray diffraction method. The results of this experiment were summerized as follows ; 1) The degree of crystallinity was increased by growth of hemp celtilose to be maximum in sample 5$\~$6. At this stage, the stability of crystals was showed in good states. In addition to, crystallinity index by Segal, Turley and area method showed same tendency as Ruland's. 2) The change of orientation was gradually increased by growth of hemp cellulose. This result was correlated with the degree of crystallinity. Therefore, the change of orientation depend on the degree of crystallinity. 3) On the other hand, the crystallite size was decreased by growth of hemp cellulose. But, increased after sample 4. By the way, crystallite size was interrelated with growth rate.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1033-1038
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• 2012

This study was done to provide basic information about the storage and distribution of specialty grade coffee of which the market will be expanded through customer sensory evaluation according to the storage period of specialty grade coffee by the SCAA classified method with consideration to defective beans and scent. The specialty grade coffee sample of this study was extracted on day 1, day 14, and day 28. The water content showed a significant reduction on the 28th storage day and there was no pH change according to the storage period. Color degree was brightened according to the preservation period before and after grinding but there was no significant difference. The panels for sensory evaluation considered of 24 university. The sensory evaluation consist of aroma, bitterness, and astringency, acidity, aftertaste, overall satisfaction, and items for strength estimation consist of aroma, acidity and bitterness. The sensory evaluation was expressed by applying a 5 point Likert scale. The results showed that as the storage period increased so too did the aroma and the strength of bitterness. Preference was the highest on day 1 in every items except aroma and astrigency. However on day 14 and day 28, most of the sensory evaluation became low and then became high, which was inconsistent. Male students were not consistent in their evaluation according to the preservation period, but female students rated aroma and bitterness the lowest on preservation period day 1 and they prefer after a storage period of 1 day in regards to the entire degree of satisfaction including sour test. astrigency and aftertaste. The analysis of visiting frequency for coffee shops used demonstrated that the longer the preservation period, the lower the preference but was not significant in the case of involving a little frequency group. The group that did not like Americano coffee evaluated that the longer the preservation period, the lower the preference based on Americano coffee preference analysis. There was no consistency between the storage period day 14 and day 28 in strength and preference, but preference for storage period day 1 was high in every group, which means that the quality of coffee is affected by the preservation period.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of caregiving stress in housewives according to functional impaiment and personal characteristics of demented elderly, and related variables of housewives. The subjects of this study were 141 housewives who had cared for dementia elderly. A questionnaire was used as survey method. The data was analyzed by means of t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. The main findings were as follows: First, there was significant difference in the degree of stress in caring for dementia elderly according to functional impairment of demented elderly. Third, the degree of stress in caring for dementia elderly differed significantly according to education, income, and housework time per day of housewives, and relatinship demented elderly with housewife.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to provide useful data for developing adult education program by assessing educational needs of rural women in home improvement educational contents. Data of this study were collected by interview from 500 home makers who are under 65 years old in 20 areas in Korea. The results are as follows : 1) Winter was favorite season, and good time band during a day was afternoon. Favorite teaching hours were 2∼3 hours a day and 1∼3 days per term. And they wanted village convention center or rural gidance office as educational place, and prefered lecturer is home improvement extension worker. 2) Among relationship between needs for education method and individual variables, is only corelated with rural women's living and educational degree significantly. To improve educational effect, teaching method is more prefered for the participatory education than lecture. It should be provided with exclusive educational place, and be increased professional field workes with obligation and power.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-171
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of ZOE, FR and Sealapex, as a root canal sealer. Ninety six extracted anterior or premolar human teeth with single root were instrumented by using conventional method. After instrumentation, the teeth were divided into three groups and thirty two teeth in each group were filled as follows: ZOE group: ZOE cement as a root canal sealer in combination with guttapercha cone FR group: FR root canal sealer in combination with guttapercha cone Sealapex group: Sealapex root canal sealer in combination with guttapercha cone $^{45}Ca$ in the form of calcium chloride, was employed as the tracer in this study and produce the auto-radiograph. The depth of isotope penetration into the root canal was evaluated by method by Yates and Hembree at the intervals of 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 30 days. The following conclusions were derived from the results obtained; 1. After 1 day, ZOE group exhibited the greatest penetration degree of radioisotope (p < 0.05). 2. After 14 days, there was some difference of the radioisotope penetration between each group, but its difference was not significant statistically. 3. After 30 days Sealapex group exhibited the least penetration degree of radioisotope (p < 0.025). 4. In ZOE and Sealapex groups, there was no change of the degree of radioisotope penetration with time.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to ascertain the curing period of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer, using mechanical analyses and specimen quality tests on the field. METHODS : Cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer mixture was produced in the plant from reclaimed asphalt, natural aggregate, filler for the cold mix, and the modified emulsion AP using asphalt mix design and plant mix design. In order to examine the applicability of the curing period during the field test, the international standards for the possibility of core extraction and the degree of compaction and LFWD deflection were analyzed. Moreover, Marshall stability test, porosity test, and indirect tensile strength test were performed on the specimens of asphalt mix and plant mix design. RESULTS : The plant production process and compaction method of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer were established, and the applicability of the optical moisture content for producing the mixture was verified through the field test. In addition, it was determined that the core extraction method of the conventional international curing standard was insufficient to ensure performance, and the LFWD test demonstrated that the deflection converges after a two-day curing. However, the back-calculation analysis reveals that a three-day curing is satisfactory, resulting in a general level of performance of dense asphalt base-layer. Moreover, from the result of the specimen quality test of the asphalt mix design and plant mix design according to the curing period, it was determined that the qualities satisfied both domestic and international standards, after a two-day curing. However, it was determined that the strength and stiffness after three-day curing are higher than those after a two-day curing by approximately 3.5 % and 20 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:A three-day curing period is proposed for the cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer; this curing period can be demonstrated to retain the modulus of asphalt-base layer in the field and ensure stable quality characteristics.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2001

Water deficit is a serious constraint to soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] production in rainfed regions of Asia, Africa, and America. This study was conducted to develop a simple and effective screening method for drought tolerance in soybean. Fifteen soybean cultivars, eight identified to be drought-tolerant and seven drought-sensitive in previous studies, were used for the evaluation of drought tolerance under the new screening conditions. The seedling screening method was consisted of a treatment in a PEG solution and drought treatment in parafilm-layered pots. 5-day-old seedlings were treated in a 18% PEG solution for 4 days and their wilting and hypocotyl browning were recorded. Three seedlings grown in a parafilm-layered pot containing peat moss were drought-stressed by withholding water from the third day after seedling emergence, and root and seedling growth were examined. Degree of drought tolerance were rated based on seedling vigor in the PEG solution and drought-stressed parafilm-layered pots, and also on the penetration ability of roots through parafilm layer. Most of seedlings of the drought-tolerant cultivars showed higher vigour and root penetration than those of the drought-sensitive cultivars under the new screening conditions. Our results indicate that the new method can be used as a simple and effective screening procedure for drought tolerance in soybean breeding programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.630-636
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• 2006

Purpose. To determine the effects of music therapy on pain, discomfort, and depression for patients with leg fractures. Methods. Data were collected from 40 patients admitted in an orthopedic surgery care unit. The subjects included 20 intervention group members and 20 control group members. Music therapy was offered to intervention group members once a day for 3 days for 30-60 minutes per day. Pain was measured with a numeric rating scale and by measuring vital signs. Discomfort and depression were measured with self-administered questionnaires. Results. Patients who received music therapy had a lower degree of pain than patients who did not receive music therapy as measured by the numeric pain score (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), pulse rate (p < 0.001) and respiration (p < 0.001). Patients who were provided with music therapy also had a lower degree of discomfort than patients who were not provided with this therapy (p < 0.01). Effects of Music Therapy on Pain, Discomfort, and Depression for Patients with Leg Fractures Conclusions. These results demonstrate that music therapy is an effective method for decreasing pain and discomfort for patients with leg fractures.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an education program on child health and safety for teachers in child daycare centers. Method: Using a nonequivalent one group pretest-posttest design, 41 day care staff(N=41) from 12 day care centers in Seoul and D-gun in Chung-Nam were assigned to experimental group. A program that is appropriate for preventing injuries and protecting the health of young children at child daycare centers was developed. Health and safety education program was provided for the intervention group for 2 weeks two times. Results: After education session, the mean score of knowledge, self confidence, practice on safety and health in child care teachers were significantly increased. There were significant differences in the degree of knowledge according to education, and in the degree of practice according to age. Conclusions: The education program for child care teachers was effective in promoting knowledge, self confidence and practice on child health and safety. The results suggest that health and safety education program should be provided systematically and continuously for child care teachers.