• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.11c
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• pp.11-20
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• 1999

The method which makes the soft ground reinforced by using the geogrid, a kind of geosynthetics has been getting popular and its usefulness also has been increased due to reduction in costs, ease of construction and great exterior view, But the study on the frictional characteristics, which is the important factor in design, between reinforcement and soil is insufficient. In this study, compaction degrees were considered through large-scale pullout tests. As a part of studying on estimation of pullout frictional characteristics between soil and geosynthetics, pullout tests were peformed and from the result of pullout tests, pullout frictional parameters between soil and geosynthetics were obtained and pullout behaviors were learned.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.32-37
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• 2005

The soil properties of the royal tombs (managed by cultural properties administration) located in Seoul and suburban Gyonggi area were investigated to see the influence of the change in soil environment on the royal tomb s이I. To compare the soil chemical properties of four royal tombs soil of Changdeokgung, Jongmyo, Seooneung, and Dongguneung, pH, organic content, available phosphate, extractable calcium, extractable potassium, extractable magnesium, cation exchange capacity, degree of base saturation, and total nitrogen content were measured. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cu measured as the degree of heavy metal contamination can be an indication of atmospheric pollution in the soil environment. To estimate the degree of soil compaction, soil hardness, pore space, porosity, bulk density, and soil atmosphere were analyzed. Through these studies, following conclusions were made: 1. The soil hardness and pore space which can be used as indexes of soil compaction, were worse in the soil of Seooneung than in those of Changdeokgung and Dongguneury. These phenomena seem to be the result of increase in visitors in Seooneung and Dongguneung better and soil management in Changdeokgung and Dongguneung. When three different regions of forest area, prohibited area, and soil compaction area in Seooneung soil were compared, the degree of compaction in the forest area was less than compaction area, indicating the need for the employment of soil resting period in the compaction area. 2. The pH measurements of all four royal tombs soil were higher in top soil than sub soil. The higher soil pH values in Jongmyo and Seooneung seem to result from the application of soil conditioner. In the case of Seooneung, the values for soil pH and organic content were higher in the forest area than those in compaction area. It is thought that active soil management was employed in the forest area through application of organic matters and soil conditioners. 3. The heavy metal contents from soil of Changdeokgung and Jongmyo were higher than that from soil of Dongguneung. Since Changdeokgung and Jongmyo are located inside Seoul, it is thought that the high level of heavy metal concentrations in these royal tomb soil is the result of accumulation of pollutants from the city.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.747-754
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• 2010

The objective of this study is improve the technology by various testing devices for measuring degree of compaction. The methods for quality control for compaction are very various. But, normally the specifications have provided PBT(Plate Bearing Test) method when inspector tested quality control. In spite of the PBT has a few weak points to reduce process and cost. In order to improve quality control method, analyzed in-situ test results between PBT and other devices.(LWDT and Geogauge).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.356-364
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• 1998

The dependence of green and sintered densities of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina ($ZTA:\;Al_2O_3/\;15\;vol{%}\;ZrO_2$) on the properties of spray-dried granules was studied thoroughly to establish the optimum compaction condition leading to high reproducibility in the light of sintered density. The sphericity, mean size, degree of hollow occurrence and moisture content of spray-dried granules were largely different in between the granule containing binder and the ones with no binder. The effect of these differences in the characteristic of granules on the compaction behavior was examined in terms of the compaction pressure from 80 MPa to 120 MPa 10 MPa increment and the compaction method, i.e., uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing. This work confirmed that the reproducibility of sintered density caused by the variation of granule property could be improved by the optimization of compaction process. The variation of sintered density was controlled within 1 % deviation by compacting the granules under a relatively low pressure of 80 MPa in an uniaxial forming and subsequent cold isostatic pressing at high pressure of 500 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

In this paper, a series of laboratory chamber tests were performed to evaluate the effects of clays mixed into compaction piles due to confining stress of ground on consolidation promoting. For the tests, various compaction piles such as SCP, GCP, and RAPP (Recycled-Aggregate Porous concrete Pile) were used. The ground condition was simulated at 50% and 100% of degree of consolidation. Also, confining stresses were applied to the composite ground corresponding to those of 5m depth. The amount of mixed clays into each compaction pile were estimated by measuring the drainage from the saturated compaction piles. From the test result, it was shown that the drainage area of compaction pile was changing according to the consolidation condition. GCP showed the most change of drainage area as it has relatively large void ratio; however, the amount of change was decreased by progressing consolidation of ground.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.4 s.18
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

In this study, compaction evaluating program based on ASTM critria is developed bu analyzing the results of laboratory tests. And the laboratory tests such as compaction test, triaxial test and resonance column test of subgrade soils are performed to develop compaction management methodology at seven test sites. Especially, to figure out chararteristic with changing compactive efforts, the test was carried out at five levels of compactive efforts at each soil sample. Database was set up from the test results. With the methodology using mechanical property - the elastic modulus, the gap between road design and management and road construction management is narrowed. The regression equation of G/$G_{max}$ is proposed at each strain level of subgrade soils according to AASHTO criteria, and the relationship between fundamental properties of soil mass and degree of compaction is derived as well. The development of compaction management and field compaction management method is proposed by the elastic modulus based on mechanical tests.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.66-76
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• 1986

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of delayed compaction on the unconfined compressive strengh and dry density of Soil-cement mixtures. Soil-cement construction is a time-consuming procedure. Time-delay is known as a detrimental factor to lower the quality of soil-cement layer. A laboratory test was performed using coarse and fine weathered granite soils. The soils were mixed with 7% cement at optimum moisture content and excess moisture content in part. Socondary additives such as lime, gypsum-plaster, flyash and sugar were tried to counteract the detri-mental effect of delayed compaction. The specimens were compacted by Harvard Miniature Compaction Apparatus at 0,1,2,4,6 hors after mixing. Two kinds of compactive efforts(9 kgf and 18 kgf tamper) were applied. The results were summarized as follows: 1.With the increase of time delay, the decrease rate of dry density of the specimen compacted by 9 kgf tamper was steeper than that of the specimen compacted by 18kgf tamper. In the same manner, soil-B had steeper decreasing rate of dry density than soil-A. 2.Based on the results of delayed compaction tests, the dry density and unconfined compressive sterngth were rapidly decreased in the early 2 hours delay, while those were slowly decreased during the time delay of 2 to 6 hours. 3.The dry density and unconfined compressive strength were increased by addition of 3% excess water to the optimum moisture content during the time delay of 2 to 6 hours. 4.Without time delay in compaction, the dry densities of soil-A were increased by adding secondary additives such as lime, gypsum-plaster, flyash and sugar, on the other hand, those of soil-B were decreased except for the case of sugar. 5.The use of secondary additives like lime, gypsum-plaster, flyash and sugar could reduce the decrease of unconfined compressive strength due to delayed compaction. Among them, lime was the most effective. 6.From the above mentioned results, several recommendations could be suggested in order to compensate for losses of unconfined compressive strenght and densit v due to delayed compaction. They are a) to use coarse-grained granite soil rather than fined-grained one, b) to add about 3% excess compaction moisture content, c) to increase compactive effort to a certain degree, and d) to use secondary additives like line gypsum-plaster, flyash, and sugar in proper quantity depending on the soil types.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2014

This study examined the uplift bearing capacity of spiral steel pegs according to the degree of soil compaction and embedded depth in a small-scaled lab test. As a result, their uplift bearing capacity increased according to the degree of soil compaction and embedded depth. The uplift bearing capacity under the ground condition of 85% compaction rate especially recorded 48.9 kgf, 57.9 kgf, 86.2 kgf and 116.6 kgf at embedded depth of 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm and 40 cm, respectively, being considerably higher than under other ground conditions. There were huge differences in the uplift bearing capacity of spiral steel pegs according to the compaction conditions of ground. Their maximum uplift bearing capacity was 116.6 kgf under the ground condition of 85% compaction rate and at embedded depth of 40 cm, and it is very high considering the data of spiral steel pegs. It is thus estimated that wind damage can be effectively reduced by careful maintenance of ground condition surrounding spiral steel pegs. In addition, spiral steel pegs will be able to make a contribution to greenhouse structural stability if proper installation methods are provided including the number and interval according to the types of greenhouse as well as fixation of plastic film. The findings of the study indicate that the optimal effects of spiral steel pegs for greenhouse can be achieved at embedded depth of more than 35cm and compaction degree of more than 85%. The relative density of the model ground in the test was 67% at compaction rate of 85%.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

In this study, an applicability by using the FEM was investigated for the prediction of both the depth of improvement and the vibration effect when dynamic compaction method is applied. The region was modelled by the field conditions applying dynamic compaction method and the rigid body force was applied to the dynamic load model. Predicted depth of improvement calculated by the vertical peak particle acceleration was compared and analyzed with an existing empirical equation, and the effect of groundwave by deducing the peak particle velocity from vibration sources was compared and analyzed with the results of another existing empirical equation. The results showed that the prediction of the depth of improvement has similar tendency to practice, and the vibration effect has some differences in a particular section from existing equation, but it could predict the safety distance to some degree. The analyzed results are expected to be basic data for the development of reliability of dynamic compaction design with existing empirical method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.333-342
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• 2013

Soil compaction is affected by soil texture, organic matter (OM), strength (ST) and soil moisture, which is difficult to understand the degree and effects of related factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of them on the compaction with bulk density (BD). The analysis was conducted with data collected from national-wide monitoring sites including 105 upland soils, 246 orchard soils, and 408 paddy soils between 2009 and 2012. The distributions of soil physical properties were measured. The correlation and multi linear regression analysis were performed between soil physical properties using SAS. The regression equation of BD(y) includes ST, gravitational water contents (GWC), and OM as variables commonly, having additional factors, clay content and sand content in paddy soil and upland soil for only subsoil (p<0.001). Our results show that the BD could be explained about 40~50% by various physical properties. The regression was mainly determined by ST in orchard and upland soil and by the GWC in paddy soil. To mitigate soil compaction, it is important to maintain the proper level of OM in upland soil and to consider the moisture condition with soil texture in paddy soil when making work plan. Furthermore, it would be recommended the management criteria classified by soil texture for the paddy soils.