• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2011

본 연구는 주변 환경정보와 장애물정보, 위치정보를 이용하여 무인잠수정의 운항 환경에 존재하는 다양한 장애물들에 대한 충돌위험도를 산출하는 시스템을 제안한다. 충돌위험도는 퍼지추론을 사용하여 산출하며, TCPA, DCPA, 거리를 인자로 사용하게 된다. 또한 삼차원환경에서 TCPA와 DCPA를 획득하는 방법을 제안한다. 충돌위험도는 충돌회피시스템에 제공되며, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 경제성과 안전성에서의 효율성을 보인다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2017

일반적으로 VTSO(Vessel Traffic Service Operator)는 양 선박의 충돌위험 정도를 판단할 때, 선박들의 침로와 속력, DCPA(Distance to CPA)와 TCPA(Time to CPA) 그리고 양 선박의 조우 상황 등을 종합적으로 고려한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 VTS(Vessel Traffic Service) 관점에서의 선박충돌위험을 예측하는 방법으로 위험지수(Risk Index, RI)를 선박 조우 상황에 따른 위험, 선박 간 근접거리에 따른 위험 그리고 접근시간에 따른 위험으로 나누어 구하고, VTSO의 위험 태도를 반영한 충돌 위험도를 제안하였다. 위험지표의 각 계수와 위험 태도는 VTSO 설문을 실시하여 구하였고, 제안한 위험도의 타당성 검증을 위하여 부산항의 실제 사고 사례에 ES(Environmental Stress) 모델의 교통 환경 스트레스치($ES_S$)을 함께 적용하여 유효성을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2015

일반적으로 VTSO(Vessel Traffic Service Operator)는 양 선박의 충돌위험 정도를 판단할 때, 선박들의 침로와 속력, DCPA(Distance to CPA)와 TCPA(Time to CPA) 그리고 양 선박의 조우상황 등을 종합적으로 고려한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 CPA에서의 양 선박 상대방위에 따른 충돌위험도 계산 알고리즘을 제안하고, 알고리즘의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 다양한 조우상황별 충돌위험도 측정에 대한 VTSO의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 제안한 알고리즘에 의한 위험도 평가 결과와 VTSO의 설문결과 사이에 높은 상관관계가 있음이 확인되어 제안한 알고리즘의 유효성을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2020

Based on the trend, there have been numerous researches analysing the ship collision risk. However, in this scope, the navigational conditions and external environment are ignored or incompletely considered in training or/and real situation. It has been identified as a significant limitation in the navigational collision risk assessment. Therefore, a novel algorithm of the ship navigational collision risk solving system has been proposed based on basic collision risk and vulnerabilities of marine accidents. The vulnerability can increase the possibility of marine collision accidents. The factors of vulnerabilities including bad weather, tidal currents, accidents prone area, traffic congestion, operator fatigue and fishing boat operating area are involved in the fuzzy reasoning engines to evaluate the navigational conditions and environment. Fuzzy logic is employed to reason basic collision risk using Distance to Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time of Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) and the degree of vulnerability in the specific coastal waterways. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the integration of vulnerabilities. In this paper, vulnerability factors have been proposed to improve the collision risk assessment especially for non-SOLAS ships such as coastal operating ships and fishing vessels in practice. Simulation is implemented to validate the practicability of the designed navigational collision risk solving system.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2012

This study aims to identify the degree of safety when mariners take their actions in several different situations. We have carried out many experiments to observe mariners' behavior and then measured the safety level based on their actions to avoid dangerous situations of ships collision. One of the most important actions that mariners have to take, either as their daily routine or when they are in a collision situation and then want to avoid that situation is the lookout. In this paper, behaviors on the lookout have been defined as a standard sequence of three steps which are "time of first detection", "time of recognition as risky vessel" and "time of starting avoiding action", and the suitability and applicability of the definition have been shown. And also we propose the risk assessment on ships collision and the recommendation for reducing ships collision at sea. Some analyzing results and the application of the results are reported. By combining these knowledge and some systematic studies, we propose the risk assessment on ships collision and the recommendation for reducing ships collision at sea.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2009

For the safety and cost reduction in the navigation, the automatic and intelligent system has been developed for the vessel, and the most important factor in the system is to decide the collision risk exactly. In this paper, we propose an advanced collision risk decision system for collision avoidance of the system. The conventional researches using DCPA and TCPA for calculating the collision risk have a problem to produce a same collision risk regardless of bearings for the ships, if they are located in the same distance from own ship. To solve this problem, in addition to DCPA and TCPA, we introduce the factor of VCD(variation of compass degree) and constant, CR which derived from COLREG'72(International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972) for evaluating the collision risk including even the burden of own ship navigator due to the encountering angle of each vessels. We decided the collision risk legally by the rule considering the relative situation of vessels. And therefore, the proposed system has two advantages, of which one is to produce more detail collision risk and another is to reflect the real underway situation in conformity with the rule.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 제 23회 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

In the decision of a collision avoidance action for navigators and intellignet ships, it is necessary to evaluate the degree of surrounding risks effectively. We propose the new risk evaluation technique in two dimensions using Even Risk Contour on the basis of the concept of contour line. In this paper, we introduce the algorithms ofERC and Approach Velocity(AV) and show their application for avoiding traffic collision at sea.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.16-18
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• 2011

This study aims to identify the degree of safety when mariners take their actions in several different situations. We have carried out many experiments in order to observe mariners' behavior, and then measured the safety level that is based on their actions to avoid dangerous collision situations. One of the most important actions that mariners have to take, either as their daily routine or when they are in a collision situation and then want to avoid that situation is the lookout. In this paper, behaviors on the lookout have been defined as a standard sequence of three steps that are "time of first detection", "time of recognition as risky vessel" and "time of starting avoiding action", and the suitability and applicability of the definition have been shown. And also we propose the risk assessment on the collision and the recommendation for reducing the collision at sea. Some analyzing results and the application of the results are reported. The sequence of lookout is also understood. By combining these knowledge and some systematic studies, we propose the risk assessment on the collision and the recommendation for reducing the collision at sea.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1998

본 논문에서 저자들은 혼잡도의 관점에서 해상 교통 환경에 대한 평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해서 우선 평가를 위한 정보를 얻기 위하여 해상 교통류에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 이 시뮬레이션은 해상 교통 환경에 대한 광범위한 자료 조사를 바탕으로 하며 통계적인 방법들을 이용하여 이 조사 자료들을 시뮬레이션에 반영하였다. 다음으로 충돌 회피 시스템 개발을 위하여 제안된 충돌 위험도 추론 방법들을 이용하여 혼잡도 정의와 추론을 시도하였다. 이와 같이 정량화된 혼잡도는 해상 교통 환경의 설계 및 개선에 유용한 많은 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2008

The Istanbul Strait is one of the important waterways in the world. And its southern entrance has a highly congested local traffic. Till now there are several studies regarding how the Istanbul Strait is dangerous to navigate and how those dangers can be mitigated. But there is no study regarding local traffic which is posing great collision risk. In a certain traffic area, marine traffic safety assessment parameters are traffic volume, frequency of collision avoidance maneuver, traffic density, traffic flow and potential encounter, In this paper local traffic volume, traffic flow and potential encounter number of local traffic vessels and possibility of collision are investigated in order to find degree of danger at the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait. Finally by utilizing those, risky areas are determined for southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait. Results have been compared to a previous study regarding risk analysis at congested areas of the Istanbul Strait (Aydogdu, 2006) and consistency of the results were presented.