• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.792-801
• /
• 1997

In this paper we propose an algorithm which fits a surface to noise-corrupted data points using an aceive sur-vace with global deformations.It is 3-dimensional surface extension of our precious works on 2-dimensional curve modell[11,12].We use fimite differences,and represent shapes of surface as global transfromation suring evolution based on the ballon [odel[2,3]which allows partial inflation or deflation by using niegborhood'sextermal foreces on each node points.At first,we make local deformations based on the balloon [odel,and then the blobal transformation from the surface before deformations to the defomed surface is calcualted by the deterministic lest squre method,finally we apply the global transformation to the surface before deformations.In experiments we fit a surface(elliposid,B-spline)to noise-corrupted 3D data points using the active surface with affine deformations.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.519-521
• /
• 2011

A 1-year-old Goffin cockatoo (Cacatua goffini) presented a soft non-painful and balloon-like mass around the cervical area. Subcutaneous emphysema due to cervicocephalic air sac trauma was diagnosed based on history and physical examination, and was confirmed by radiographic examination. Because the cutaneous tab was unsuccessful, a modified syringe stent was carried out. The bird showed no adverse signs for two weeks after implantation. After surgical removal of the stent, the bird did not reveal subcutaneous emphysema.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2006

Diurnal and age-related changes in air pressure were measured in air bladders of Ascophyllum nodosum from the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Exterior and interior bladder volumes vary significantly with 4 and 6 y bladders being about 40% larger than 2 y bladders (p < 0.01). Freshly collected bladders yielded a mean pressure of 40.8 ± 6.5 cm H2O. Overnight (20 h) dark treatment at 15°C generated pressure reductions by 80% in 2 y bladders but only by about 30% in 4 and 6 y bladders. Furthermore, in 2 y bladders 8 out of 11 bladders were reduced to atmospheric pressure. Pressure losses were inversely related to pressure recovery after 2.5 h in natural daylight, but after 5 h in daylight there was no significant difference in pressure within the age groups. Even under 25% of full illumination, bladders inflated to full pressure after 5 h. The results show that differences in bladder age and bladder wall thickness have roles in diurnal patterns of bladder inflation and deflation. These results confirm that bladder inflation is based on photosynthetic O2 production and not on partial pressures of O2 in the surrounding medium as was suggested for Sargassum. Chemical analyses of fluid recovered after the interior of bladders were washed with saline showed no evidence for the occurrence of surfactant that might be responsible for maintaining the air-liquid interface.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2001

In this study, we shall be concerned with computing in parallel a few of the smallest eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors of the eigenvalue problem, $Ax={\lambda}Bx$, where A is symmetric, and B is symmetric positive definite. Both A and B are large and sparse. Recently iterative algorithms based on the optimization of the Rayleigh quotient have been developed, and CG scheme for the optimization of the Rayleigh quotient has been proven a very attractive and promising technique for large sparse eigenproblems for small extreme eigenvalues. As in the case of a system of linear equations, successful application of the CG scheme to eigenproblems depends also upon the preconditioning techniques. A proper choice of the preconditioner significantly improves the convergence of the CG scheme. The idea underlying the present work is a parallel computation of the Multi-Color Block SSOR preconditioning for the CG optimization of the Rayleigh quotient together with deflation techniques. Multi-Coloring is a simple technique to obatin the parallelism of order n, where n is the dimension of the matrix. Block SSOR is a symmetric preconditioner which is expected to minimize the interprocessor communication due to the blocking. We implemented the results on the CRAY-T3E with 128 nodes. The MPI(Message Passing Interface) library was adopted for the interprocessor communications. The test problems were drawn from the discretizations of partial differential equations by finite difference methods.

• Journal of Urban Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2021

In this study, to evaluate the characteristics of the pollution in the major inflow tributaries and major environmental facilities in the watershed of Ara waterway, An inflow flow rate measurement and water quality analysis were conducted during dry and rainy seasons. In addition, the flow rate measurement, water quality analysis, and pollutant load at each monitoring point were compared and evaluated. Influx of BOD5, T-P and T-N into the tributaries of the ARA waterway watershed, excluding the Gulpo river watershed, during dry season were only 0.007%, 0.005% and 0.004% respectively of the incoming loads in the entire ARA waterway basin. In addition, it was confirmed that the discharge pollutant loads during rainfall event was about 440 times more for BOD5, about 545 times on T-P, and about 23 times on T-N in comparison to the pollutant loads during the dry days. When the Gulhyeon rubber dam was deflated, the discharged pollutant load during a rainfall was higher than the estimated load at the G7 monitoring point because the deposited pollutants from the upstream riverbed flowed down. Therefore, during a rainy season, it is necessary to manage the influx of high-load water pollutants from the overflow and deflation of the Gulhyun rubber dam as well as to find a strategy to reduce the pollutant loads in the Gulpo river watershed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Corona pandemic on the earning quality (EQ) of Saudi national banks. It was conducted to evaluate the measurement of the earning quality based on the Penman approach. The researchers used the analytical method to conduct the study to find the effect of this Pandemic. Data was collected from the annual reports for the period 2010 to 2020 from Saudi national banks, which are twelve according to the annual report for the Saudi central bank, and eight of them were selected as a sample of the study. The banks are Alinma Bank, Al Rajhi Bank, Bank Al Bilad, The National Commercial Bank, Bank Aljazeera, Riyad Bank, Samba Financial Group (Samba), and Arab National Bank. The study findings showed that the Corona pandemic had a negative impact on the Saudi economy, and led to deflation in 2020 by 4.1% due to the oil sector. They also showed reducing oil production by the (OPEC +) agreement to achieve stability in the oil market and the non-oil sector. It was also revealed that the profits of Saudi commercial banks in 2020 decreased by 23.1% and that the Corona pandemic had Caused the earning quality to decline in all the studied banks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.3204-3217
• /
• 2023

In this paper, the downlink of the multicast based spatial modulation systems is investigated. Specifically, physical layer multicasting is introduced to increase the number of access users and to improve the communication rate of the spatial modulation system in which only single radio frequency chain is activated in each transmission. To minimize the bit error rate (BER) of the multicast based spatial modulation system, a joint optimizing algorithm of antenna selection and multicast precoding is proposed. Firstly, the joint optimization is transformed into a mixed-integer non-linear program based on single-stage reformulation. Then, a novel iterative algorithm based on the idea of branch and bound is proposed to obtain the quasioptimal solution. Furthermore, in order to balance the performance and time complexity, a low-complexity deflation algorithm based on the successive convex approximation is proposed which can obtain a sub-optimal solution. Finally, numerical results are showed that the convergence of our proposed iterative algorithm is between 10 and 15 iterations and the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the iterative algorithm is 1-2dB lower than the exhaustive search based algorithm under the same BER accuracy conditions.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2017

Sinabung volcano in Indonesia was formed due to the subduction between the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates along the Pacific Ring of Fire. After being dormant for about 400 years, Sinabung volcano erupted on the 29th of August, 2010 and most recently on the 1st of November, 2016. We measured the deformation of Sinabung volcano using Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar(ALOS/PALSAR) interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) images acquired from February 2007 to January 2011. Based on multi-temporal InSAR processing, we mapped the ground surface deformation before, during, and after the 2010 eruption with time-series InSAR technique. During the 3 years before the 2010 eruption, the volcano inflated at an average rate of ~1.7 cm/yr with a markedly higher rate of 6.6 cm/yr during the 6 months prior to the 2010 eruption. The inflation was constrained to the top of the volcano. From the 2010 eruption to January 2011,the volcano subsided by approximately 3 cm (~6 cm/yr). We interpreted that the inflation was due to magma accumulation in a shallow reservoir beneath Sinabung. The deflation was attributed to magma withdrawal from the shallow reservoir during the eruption as well as thermo-elastic compaction of erupted material. This result demonstrates once again the utility of InSAR for volcano monitoring.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.29
• /
• pp.63-78
• /
• 1994

Today, the problem of interrational competition has been strongly appeared and as the deflation is deep occasionally, it is sure that granting autonomous motivation of businessman or importance of self development is proposed especially. Then, which subject is included in granting autonomous motivation as that\ulcorner We must study about that subject first. First, we should study about essence of granting autonomous motivation. Granting autonomous motivation is the course of accompli¬shment of ideal human individually. Secondly, we will divide that into goal, desire and positive attitude subjectly and will study about those respectively. Contents of this theory are as below. 1. Proposal of problem 2. Basic structure of granting autonomous motivation and ability 2-1 Consideration of granting autonomous motivation 2-2 Basic structure of ability 3. The method of granting autonomous motivation 3-1 Simulation of granting autonomous motivation 3-2 Establishment of subject on granting autonomous motivation 4. Granting autonomous motivation by utilization of opportunity 4-1 Utilization of opportunity 4-2 Self-development by reading 4-3 Self development by writing 4-4 Self-development by discussion 4-5 Self development by control of health 4-6 Self-development by making the time 5. Conclusion This theory will be developed by classification as above. Reflecting many times and experiencing a skill for himself, he should teach his men the skill. There are some men not to be able to talk with, but a businessman should make his surroundings cheerful with granting autonomous motivation. If he understands the men of his surroundings with his positive attitude, all tasks of him will be achieved. Formation of question consciousness that he can study always, is needed on which is the important task in himself.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 1999

Background: Tourniquet pain has important impacts on anesthesia. Tourniquet pain and accompanying cardiovascular changes are important factors that make patients in distress during anesthesia. As tourniquet pain may be modified by anesthesia, a study on the changes in the neural functions by tourniquet inflation in normal volunteers is important. Methods: Time-dependent changes in tourniquet pain, heart rate, phantom limb sensation, motor function, pain to pressure on upper extremity of 10 healthy and unpremedied volunteers were measured. Each parameter were measured every 5 minutes starting from 10 minutes before inflation to 15 minutes after deflation of tourniquet. Tourniquet was deflated when the subject felt unbearable pain (score 100 with visual analog scale). Results: Subjects manifested time-dependent pain responses to tourniquet inflation, characterized by increase in VAS, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Mean duration of tourniquet inflation was 36.4 minutes, volunteers experienced motor paralysis at 27.6 minutes and sensory loss at 33.1 minutes. Pain to pressure decreased over time in both arms. The degree of decrease was greater in the arm on which tourniquet was applied than that in the non-applied arm. Phantom limb sensation occurred in 3 subjects. Conclusions: This study demonstrated dynamic changes in the neural functions during tourniquet inflation period. Tourniquet-induced pain and resultant hypertension occurred in all subjects. Appropriate anesthetic management is needed for the surgery using tourniquet.