• 융합보안논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2018

인공지능과 같은 4차산업혁명기술이 진척되어 감에 따라, 미래전쟁에 대비하여 미국을 중심으로 각국이 새로운 자율 무기체계 개발에 경쟁하고 있는 시점이다. 본 논문은 이러한 자율 무기체계의 자율성 기술, 그러한 군사과학기술이 가져올 전쟁수행의 변화, 그리고 무기체계 자율성의 수준, 정의, 기능에 대하여 논의한다. 무기체계 자율성 기술의 핵심은 민간 상용의 인공지능 기술과 유사하며, 새롭게 개발되고 운용되는 자율 무기체계는 장차 미래 전장에서 지배적인 역할을 할 것이며, 미래 전쟁수행체제 변화의 중심이 될 것이다. 인간을 대신하여 전장에서 자율 무기체계가 인명 피해가 없고 지능적인 전쟁을 수행할 것으로 보인다. 자율성의 수준과 기능면에서는 무기가 주변 전장상황을 인지하고, 최상의 방책을 스스로 계획 및 결정하며, 가장 효과적인 목적 달성이 되도록 방안을 실행하는 완전자율성을 갖춘 무기체계로 발전할 것이다. 즉 자율 무기체계가 의사결정과 실행하는 여러 단계에서 운용자의 감독이나 개입이 전혀 없는 완전한 자율성을 갖추어 나갈 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive the factors of professionalism through the literature review about professionalism to analyze the architectural field of professionalism in Korea. Factors of professionalism are defined through definition and characteristics of professionalism, historical progress of professionalism formation and development in Western nations and Korea, and various arguments and attributes by sociologists and other educational experts. Derived factors of professionalism are expertise, systemicity, exclusiveness, autonomy, and publicness. Expertise and systemicity are related with basic aspect, exclusiveness and autonomy are related with structural aspect, and publicness is related with attitude aspect of professionalism. The synchronic structure and diachronic change of architectural professionalism in Korea can be analyzed through derived five factors-expertise, systemicity, exclusiveness, autonomy, and publicness.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.781-787
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• 2011

Mine countermeasure missions(MCMs) may induce the loss of human and ship because of the covert of mine. In recent years, unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs) have emerged as viable technical solution for conductimg underwater search, surveillance, and clearance operations in support of mine countermeasure missions because of her autonomy and long time endurance capability. This paper introduces a technical approach to mine countermeasure mission effectiveness analysis and presents some simulation-based analysis results for engineering of the UUV system definition which could be support analysis of alternatives for system definition and design.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2015

This paper attempts to take an in-depth study of the importance of teams and their creativity according to changes of recent design paradigm in engineering and to draw conclusions of the sub-domains and their element extraction. For this purpose, theoretical consideration was reviewed to present the definition of creativity and its sub-domains and elements. Besides, the two steps of expert validation test were conducted to extract the definition of creativity and its sub-domains and elements. The team creativity is defined as a team ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas and to lead them to get meaningful results through cooperative interactions among team members to solve problems given to them based on each member's creativity. Totally, 4 subs -domains and 16 sub-elements were extracted to get to know their influence on the team creativity. This includes a team size, characteristics of team members, and a team structure in team organization domain. To evaluate team atmosphere, elements such as sensibility, fellowship, teamwork, reliability, autonomy and open minded feature are included. In the team activity domain, strategies for solving problems, activities for divergent thinking, activities for convergence thinking and team interaction are included. Also, the sub-domain for team management includes a task, process and conflict management.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2007

An agent is an abstract unit for problem solving in the field of distributed artificial intelligence, and an agent-based system is designed and implemented based on the definition of agent as its central concept. Agent modeling is advantageous to abstraction, disintegration and structuring for describing complex system, so its application is increased in various areas including air traffic control, power transmission, e-commerce and medicine. There is no agreed definition of agent but agents have common points as follows: autonomy, reactivity, pro-activeness and cooperation. An agent-oriented modeling is an approach of a concept different form existing object-oriented modeling. This study proposed the agent application for E-Beam manufacturing system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed process design, we used the JADE library. The JADE toolkit provides a FIPA-compliant agent platform and a package to develp Java agents. It provides a basic set of functionalities that are regarded as essential for an autonomous agent architecture.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

Due to the rapid development of IT (information technology) and internet, products become smart and able to collect, process and produce information and can think of themselves to provide better service to consumers. However, research on the characteristics of smart product is still sparse. In this paper, we report the systemic development of a scale to measure the perceived product smartness associated with smart product. To develop product smartness scale, this study follows systemic scale development processes of item generation, item reduction, scale validation, reliability and validity test consequently. And, after acquiring a large amount of qualitative interview data asking the definition of smart product, we add a unique process to reduce the initial items using both a text mining method using 'r' s/w and traditional reliability and validity tests including factor analysis. Based on an initial qualitative inquiry and subsequent quantitative survey, an eight-factor scale of product smartness is developed. The eight factors are multi-functionality, human-like touch, ability to cooperate, autonomy, situatedness, network connectivity, integrity, and learning capability consequently. Results from Korean samples support the proposed measures of product smartness in terms of reliability, validity, and dimensionality. Implications and directions for further study are discussed. The developed scale offers important theoretical and pragmatic implications for researchers and practitioners.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2009

This article discusses the validity of selective/unilateral arbitration agreement that provides arbitration as one of several dispute resolution methods. The Supreme Court has held selective/unilateral arbitration agreement that is conditional invalidity since the judgement of 2003Da318 decided on Aug. 22, 2003: In the following judgements of 2004Da42166 decided on Nov. 11, 2004 and 2005Da12452 decided on May 27, 2005, the Court stated that the selective/unilateral arbitration agreement that stipulates to resolve a dispute through arbitration or mediation would be valid as an effective arbitration agreement only if a party elects and proceeds an arbitration proceeding and another party responses to the arbitration proceeding without any objection. The definition of arbitration agreement, the formation of selective/unilateral arbitration agreement, the summary of relative judgements and academic theories will be reviewed in order to examine the appropriateness of the series of judgements of the Supreme Court. Based on such reviews, this article will investigate the adequacy of the Supreme Court judgements from the perspectives of i) the principle of party autonomy, ii) the structure of dispute resolution methods, iii) legal provisions of Arbitration Act, iv) legal stability, and v) the policy to revitalize the use of arbitration. At conclusion, this article will suggest the change of precedents of the Supreme Court's judgements with regard to the selective arbitral agreement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.213-229
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• 2005

The first and the longest criminal indictment case of Korean medico-legal battle, so called BORAMAE Hospital Incident, was finally on its end by Korean Supreme Court's decision on June 24, 2004, after 7 years long legal dispute via Seoul District Court and Seoul Superior Appeal Court's decision. Boramae Hospital case was the first Korean legal case of Withdrawing Life-sustaining treatment of mechanical respirator on 58 years old Extradural Hematoma victim who was on Respirator under Coma after multi-organ failure postoperatively(APACHE II score: 34-39). Two physicians who have involved patient's care and had helped to make discharge the Near-death patient to home after repeated demand of patient's wife, due to economic reason, were sentenced as homicidal crime. This review article will discuss the following items with the review of US cases, Quinlan(1976), Nancy Cruzan(1990), Barber (1983), Helen Wanglie(1990), Baby K (1994) and Baby L cases, along with Official Statement of ATS and other Academic dignitaries of US and World.: [1] Details of Boramae Hospital incident, medical facts description and legal language of homicidal crime sentence. [2] The medical dispute about the legal misinterpretation of patient's clinical status, regarding the severity of the victim with multi-organs failure on Respirator under coma with least chance of recovery, less than 10% probability. [3] Case study of US, of similar situation. [4] Introduction of ATS official Statement on Withdrawing/ Withholding Life sustaining treatment. [5] Patient Autonomy as basic principle. [6] The procedural formality in Medical practise for keeping the legitimacy. [7] The definition of Medical Futility and its dispute. [8] Dying in Dignity and PAS(Physician Assisted Suicide)/and/or Euthanasia [9] The Korean version of "Dying in Dignity", based on the Supreme Court's decision of Boramae Hospital incident (2004.6.24.) [10] Summary and Author's Note for future prospects.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.221-241
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• 1998

Though the arbitration agreement is a means to resolve disputes autonomously in essence, the Principle of Parties Autonomy and the Principle of Free Contracting can not be applied infinitely without any limitations but subject to the Public Policy and the Compulsory Provisions as established by an interested country. Such principle of law is applied to international arbitration agreements as well, but their validity should be determined by different standards from those in domestic arbitration agreements, in consideration of their internationality. The essential effect of arbitration agreement is to exclude from the jurisdiction of State courts. Depending upon definition of the legal nature of arbitration agreement, the range and contents of the effect of such agreement will vary. Whether State courts can intervene in claims related to Compulsory Provisions is an issue at the level of legislation policy which can not be easily concluded. But, the applicability of Compulsory Provisions can not serve as an imperative ground to deny the eligibility of claims for arbitration, so far as such claims can be disposed of by the parties. On the other hand, it is reasonable to view the arbitration agreement as a substantive contract in its legal nature enabling the authority for dispute resolution to be delegated to arbitrator, so that the Principle of Parties Autonomy can be widely applied throughout the arbitration procedure as well as with other legal acts on private laws. With this, the parties can enjoy an arbitration award appropriate for characteristics of a specific arbitration agreement, thus resulting in facilitating the use of arbitration procedure for international trade activities. To conclude, the Public Policy and the Compulsory Provisions as limitations on arbitration agreement should be applied to such an extent that they can protect States basic moral faith and social order.

• 철학연구
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• 제89호
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• pp.99-128
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• 2010

이 논문은 "수단-목적 분석"에 치중했던 섹슈얼리티 개념 분석들을 신랄하게 비판하고 쾌락 중심적 섹슈얼리티 분석을 시도하고 새로운 성윤리를 제시한 골드만(Alan Goldman)의 작업을 평가한다. 골드만은 기존의 분석들이 섹슈얼리티에 외부적인 가치들, 가령 출산, 사랑, 의사소통에 기대어 섹슈얼리티를 규정하려 한 점을 비판하고, 섹슈얼리티 자체를 말해줄 수 있는 것은 "타인의 몸에 대한 접촉과 그 접촉으로부터 나오는 쾌락에의 욕구"라는 요소라고 분석한다. 하지만 이런 분석 역시 섹슈얼리티에 대한 정확한 개념 정의를 제시하지 못하며 게다가 섹슈얼리티를 특정한 가치의 위계질서 하에 놓게 하는 잘못을 범하게 된다는 것이 필자의 주장이다. 필자는 "가족 유사성"과 같은 개념규정을 제안하는 해밀턴의 제안을 받아들이며, 이런 방식의 개념 규정 하에 자율성을 강조하는 새로운 성윤리를 제시한다. 새로운 성윤리는 현대의 가치다원성을 인정하는 민주사회에서 공정하고 민주적인 사회협력의 조건을 유지하기 위한 일반윤리의 적용 하에 개인 각자가 자신의 섹슈얼리티에 관한 개인적 의미부여와 목적론을 갖고 그에 따라 자신의 섹슈얼리티를 반성, 평가, 형성, 수정해 갈 것을 요구한다.