• Title/Summary/Keyword: Defining Relationship

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Asthma and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Insight into the Heterogeneity and Phenotypes of Asthma

  • Rolfes, Mary Claire;Juhn, Young Jun;Wi, Chung-Il;Sheen, Youn Ho
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.80 no.2
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    • pp.113-135
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    • 2017
  • Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.

Concept Analysis of Caring (돌봄의 개념분석)

  • 이병숙
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.337-344
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    • 1996
  • Caring is being rediscovered as a central and unifying concept of the nursing. Traditionally, nursing profession has emphasized spirit and activities of caring. But there is little efforts to study the caring phenomena scientifically and systematically in nursing, and then the concept of caring is still remained unclear and ambiguous. Changes of social, and health care environment are threatening the philosophy and practice of caring, so it is urgent to identify caring more scientifically and to rediscover the nature of nursing discipline. Knowledge of the caring is essential component for the development of nursing as a science and a profession. The first thing to study a concept is thought to be the analysis of the concept. So in this study, concept analysis of caring was performed to clarify the concept of caring as a basis for the study of caring afterward. The approach used for the concept analysis of caring was the approach presented by Walker and Avant. The defining(or critical) attributes of caring identified in this study were (1) a series of activities for helping others, (2) concern and devotion. (3) interpersonal relationship, and (4) scientific and systematic process. The identified antecedents of caring were (1) awareness of other's needs for help, and (2) moral and cognitive motivation for helping others. The identified consequences of caring were (1) healing, (2) satisfaction, and (3) growth. And the consequences of caring were revealed to both of the care giver and the care receiver. The empirical referents of caring could be the behaviors of interpersonal relationship through scientific and systematic process with concern and devotion for others.

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A Real-Time Synchronization Mechanism for Distributed Multimedia Applications (분산 멀티미디어 응용을 위한 실시간 동기화 메카니즘)

  • Park, Young-Sook;Lee, Syung-Won;Chung, Gi-Dong
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.7 no.12
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    • pp.3785-3793
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    • 2000
  • Effective synchronization specification model which can specify temrxlral relationship among media resolving asynchronous problem due to variable network delay is necessary in a distributed multimedia system. Therefore in this paper, we propose RTPN(Real- Time Petri Net) synchronization specification model based on Petri Net for multimedia application in a distributed real time environment. The proposed RTPN model supplies a tlexible decsription of the temporal relationship among various media objects by defining primary key media and relative key media according to delay and importance among media. Firing rule is instantly executed by firing function based on QoS values which supports intra-media and inter-media syncbronization. And asynchronous control algorithm for resynchronization of presentation level is possible more effective supporting of QoS.

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A Study on the Logical Structure of the 'Landscape' with a Meaning Context (입경의 의미체험에 따른 풍경개념의 구조에 관한 연구)

  • 진희성;노재현
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 1991
  • In considering the relationship between natural beauty and the human frame of mind, or the interconnections between the Landscape and the point of view, we are concerned primaily with the external factors. Historically, certain physical features tended to cause shifts in human attitudes toward landscapes; We concentrate on this phenomenon of changeful scenery rather than on what psychological factors caused certain landscapes to be regarded as remarkable or unique. In a similar fashion we must ask ourselves what the basic elements in landscape are and attempt to ascertain their visual and spatial characteristics before we attempt to desingn environments that are fundamentally, physical in character. Futhermore, the experience of meanings, a part of literatual association process, appeared through the intension of nature study looking for the best landscape phenomena out of simple naturelooking. Of course, as the variable degree of landscapes changes, the dualistic relationship between humans and objects shows the different experience of meanings as the time changes even in landscapes which possess variable factors in same season. The study is conducted by defining the nature of recognizing and appreciating the logical structure of the concept "Landscape" after analysis of meaning context appeared in 'Kyung' which is consists of time, space and elements in landscape.

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Relationship Among Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude Towards Palliative Care and Perception of Death in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (신생아중환자실 간호사의 완화간호에 대한 지식과 태도 및 죽음에 대한 인식 간의 관계)

  • Wi, Da Hee;Kang, Sook Jung
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among knowledge and attitude toward palliative care and perception of death for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 110 nurses who work in NICUs in South Korea. The participants filled out a questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitude towards palliative care and perception of death. The attitude scale was divided into 3 subscales: comfort level, nurses' role and nurses' involvement with family. Results: Comfort level regarding attitude towards palliative care was positively correlated with knowledge (r=.220, p=.016) and the perception of death (r=.194, p=.042). Nurses' role showed a positive correlation with perception of death (r=.395, p=.001). Conclusion: NICU nurses' knowledge of palliative care was below standard across the board, implying that there is a definite need for palliative care education for nurses. The education program for palliative care should include a section that focuses on fostering a positive perception of death as well as defining and delineating the role of nurses.

″Traditional Authenticity″ and It′s Relationship to ″Indigenous Identity″

  • Tamburro, Paul-Rene
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.43-74
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    • 2002
  • This paper examines the concept of "tradition" for Indigenous Peoples as a construct of reality developed through the lens of Western scholarship and American Indian perspectives. The resulting notions of American Indian tradition constructed by a Western point of view, has been incorporated into the thinking of Western peoples as well as those of American Indians. Possible reasons for this include the lasting effects of colonialism and current mass media and the description of cultural "others" through the Western sciences of Anthropology and Musicology. A definition of what is valid or important in defining "traditional culture" for members of an Indigenous community may utilize significantly different measures than those of Western scholars. In order to illustrate this, the author uses two treatises focusing on the Indigenous American Indian cultures of communities in Eastern North America incorporating Indigenous points of view. One of these two books provides a focus on connections between language and culture and the other on ethnomusicology. From both of these perspectives, traditional identity is seen as continuing in the present day through persistent perceptions of reality, linked to community social performance. These perceptions and their accompanying indexes to tradition are still present despite the disappearance of or frequent changes in the surface forms of both language and manufactured cultural items. The emphasis on "legitimate" or "real" tradition is tied to performance within an ongoing cultural community rather than to Western constructions of what is real found in past descriptions of cultures. An alternative view of "valid" tradition and its relationship to Indigenous identity, needs to incorporate Indigenous perspectives rather than depend on constructions developed using non-Indigenous Western frameworks.

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Quality Management Study of Weapon System using Ontology (Ontology를 활용한 무기체계 품질경영 연구)

  • An, Youngjun;Seo, Yoonho
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.735-749
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: This study is addressing the establishment of the knowledge information system supplying the quality management of weapon system. It is going to support the continuous quality management through the linkages and integration between the product structure and the quality information. Methods: The interrelated relationship of the product structure information and quality information of weapon system would be expressed explicitly by taking advantage of the ontology concept. The quality information of distributed systems would be integrated through the SOA(Service Oriented Architecture)-based Web services. After defining the inference rules, which could be utilized in the quality management, in the constructed knowledge information system, the quality information would be inferred through the queries. Results: By building the integrated quality information knowledge system through the ontology and SOA, the connectivity between the product structures and dispersed quality information was enhanced. The utility and applicability of this study were checked up through the inferences on the products and quality information by using the information built by the semantic relationship of facts. Conclusion: We established the knowledge and information system as a systematic approach to support the quality management of weapon system. This is not affected by the organizations and systems, and it seems that it could be utilized across the quality management as the efficient knowledge sharing architecture supporting the quality management of weapon systems in the aspect of the product integration.

The Strategy between In-house Design and Business Domain (인하우스 디자인 구조모델과 사업도메인 전략)

  • ;杉山 和雄
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.319-326
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    • 2002
  • This study is clarifying the relationship between domain and in-house design based on the perspective on organization and task of a design organization. Accordingly, the growth and expansion of organization requires a new strategy in respect of design sector and business domain. It is a guideline for developing advanced business domain and design management in the limited strategic system of design department to analyze relatively the structural model of design, and to seek for any feasibility of strategic application. And this study comes to be basic data for defining the relationship between domain and in-house design. Consequently, both of strategic design management to back up the task of design organization and the module to support the design planning should be flexibly systemized.

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Studies on Ventilation Control for a Ventilated Supercavitating Vehicle (분사형 초공동 수중운동체의 가스 분사량 제어 연구)

  • Kim, Seonhong;Kim, Nakwan
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.206-221
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    • 2015
  • Supercavitation is a modern technique which can be used to surround an underwater vehicle with a bubble in order to reduce the resistance of the vehicle. When the vehicle is at low speed in the deep sea, the cavitation number is relatively big and it is difficult to generate a cavity large enough to envelope the vehicle. In this condition, the artificial cavity, called ventilated cavity, can be used to solve this problem by supplying gas into the cavity and can maintain supercavitating condition. In this paper, a relationship between the ventilation gas supply rate and the cavity shape is determined. Based on the relationship a ventilation rate control is developed to maintain the supercavitating state. The performance of the ventilation control is verified with a depth change control. In addition, dynamics modeling for the supercavitating vehicle is performed by defining forces and moments acting on the vehicle body in contact with water. Simulation results show that the ventilation control can maintain the supercavity of an underwater vehicle at low speed in the deep sea.

Shipyard Spatial Scheduling Solution using Genetic Algorithms

  • Yoon Duck Young;Ranjan Varghese
    • Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.35-39
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    • 2004
  • In a shipyard, there exist various critical decision making components pertaining to various production hindrances. The most prominent one is best-fit spatial arrangement for the minimal spatial occupancy with better pick-ability for the erection of the ship in the dock. During the present research, a concept have been conceived to evade the gap between the identification oj inter-relationships among a set of blocks to be included on a pre-erection area, and a detailed graphical layout of their positions, is called an Optimal Block Relationship Diagram A research has been performed on generation of optimal (or near Optimal) that is, with minimal scrap area. An effort has been made in the generation of optimal (or near-optimal) Optimal Block Relationship Diagram with the Goldberg's Genetic Algorithms with a representation and a set of operators are 'trained' specifically for this application. The expected result to date predicts very good solutions to test problems involving innumerable different blocks to place. The suggested algorithm could accept input from an erection sequence generator program which assists the user in defining the nature and strength of the relationships among blocks, and could produce input suitable for use in a detailed layout stage.

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