• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.153-178
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• 2012

본 연구는 전국 작은도서관에 대한 기본정보, 소장자료, 시설 및 설비, 인적자원, 예산, 이용 및 이용자, 서비스현황 등 정확한 통계자료를 산출하기 위한 목적으로 크게 4단계의 단계별 조사방식으로 실태조사를 진행하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 도서관법 기준에 부합하는 2010년 현재 전국의 작은도서관은 총 3,349개에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 3,349개 작은도서관의 소장자료, 시설 및 설비, 인적자원, 예산, 이용현황, 프로그램 등 현황을 분석한 결과 현 실태는 도서관법에서 정의하고 있는 도서관으로서 지식정보 및 독서문화서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 많이 부족한 상황임이 밝혀졌다. 특히 작은도서관의 대부분(80%)을 차지하는 사립 작은도서관이 시설 및 설비, 예산 등 운영상태가 더욱 열악한 실정임이 드러났다. 이런 작은도서관의 열악한 현실을 극복하여 향후 작은도서관 통계 관리 및 운영 활성화를 꾀하기 위한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.268-272
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• 2003

LSW는 유기질소원으로 가격이 가장 저렴하면서도 43.3 mL/L를 이용할 경우에 250 g/L의 glucose로부터 erythritol을 53%의 수율과 0.52 g/L-hr의 생산성 및 132 g/L의 농도로 생산이 가능하였다. 따라서 산업용 쓰이기에 충분한 가능성을 보였다. Erythritol의 생산성 향상을 위한 발효 조건의 최적화에 대한 실험을 수행한 결과 기본 발효배지에 65 mL/L의 농도로 LSW를 이용할 경우에 250 g/L의 glucose로부터 erythritol의 수율은 44% 약간 낮아졌지만, 생산성은 0.66 g/L-hr로 1.3배 증가하였다. Growth stage에서 고농도 균체를 얻기 위하여 glucose를 feeding 방법에 관한 연구에서는 glucose 100 g/L와 LSW 500 mL/L를 같이 넣고 배양하는 회분식 배양 방법을 통해 23시간만에 77.6 g/L의 균체를 얻을 수 있었다. Erythritol의 수율 향상을 위하여 production stage에서 최적의 glucose 농도에 대한 연구를 수행한 결과 발효조 내에서 glucose의 농도가 450 g/L 가 되도록 할 경우에 185.5 g/L의 erythritol을 37.3%의 생성 수율과 1.66 g/L-hr의 생산성으로 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 산업용 질소원으로 선정된 LSW를 가지고 2단계 유가식 배양을 통하여 회분식 배양과 비교해 볼 때 수율은 1.1배정도 감소되었지만 erythritol의 생산성은 2.5 배 정도 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제1호
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• pp.109-144
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• 2003

Orientalness is a concept that expresses the collective identity of the Orient in relation to the West. The concept itself is mutable and defined by the relationship between the two regions at different points in time. Changes in the concept depend on a number of factors, such as cultural influence, the political balance of power between the two regions, and on the interpretative scheme that defines the relationship. In addition, the geographical notion of the concept evolves culturally, socially and politically. During this process, Oriental-ness becomes Oriental-ism at times. I will attempt to survey and measure the progression of Orientalness from its emergence in early 17th century to its subsequent transformation in modern Korea as reflected in art theory and art works. The recognition of the comparative characteristics of Oriental art began when the Orient was exposed to the art of the West in the late Ming dynasty during the early 17th century. The changes in the artistic climate in China affected the late Chosun. I will start with a brief introduction of this time and the birth of Orientalness. The concept gradually changed during the period of Enlightenment(開化期) towards the end of the 19th century, and during the colonial period( 1910-1945) it took on a new form. Establishment of the concept of "Orient"as a single, unifying concept spanning across cultures and national boundaries has been attributed to late Meiji period Japan, whose intention at that time is believed to have been to build a pan-Asia(亞細亞) empire with Japan at its commanding center. It has been stressed that the real motive behind the formation of one single cultural unit, where the shared common written language was Chinese and Confucianism and Taoism were the common metaphysical traditions, was to build one political unit. When the notion of a geographical unit of Asia was replaced by the concept of Asia as a cultural and political unit, a massive growth of interest and discourse were provoked around the concept of Orientalism. When Orientalism was being formulated, Korea automatically became member of "one Asia" when the country became colonized. For Koreans, the identity of the Orient had to be defined in cultural terms, as the political notion of a nation was non-existent at that time. The definition of identity was pursued at two levels, pan-Asian and local. If Orientalism was an elite discourse centered in pan-Asian philosophical and religious tradition, localized Orientalism was a popular discourse emphasizing locality as the byproduct of natural geographic condition. After the liberation in 1945 from colonial rule, a thrust of movement arose towards political nationalism. Two types of discourses on Orientalism, elite and popular, continued as central themes in art. Despite the effort to redefine the national identity by eradicating the cultural language of the colonial past, the past was enduring well into the present time. As discussed above, even when the painting themes were selected from Korean history, the tradition of using history painting as a manifestation of political policy to glorify the local identity had its founding during the Meiji period. The elevation of folk art to the level of high art also goes back to the colonial promotion of local color and local sentiment. Again, the succession of the past (colonial) ideal was defended as the tradition assumed a distinct modern shape that was abstract in style. The concept of the "Orient" is of relative and changing nature. It was formulated in relation to Western culture or civilization. Whatever the real motive of the adoption of them had been, the superiority of the Orient was emphasized at all times. The essence of the Orient was always perceived as the metaphysical tradition as a way to downgrade Western culture as materialistic. This view still prevails and the principle of Orient was always sought in Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Even when Orientalism was employed by imperialist Japan in an effort to establish her position as the center of the Orient, the spiritual source was still in Chinese philosophy and religion. In art also, the Chinese literati tradition became the major platform for elite discourse. Orientalism was also defined locally, and the so-called local color was pursued in terms of theme and style. Thus trend continued despite the effort to eradicate the remnants of colonial culture long after liberation. These efforts are now being supported politically and also institutionalized to become the aesthetic ideal of the modern Korean art.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.438-445
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• 2015

L. plantarum K154 고정화와 C. lacerata 균사체 배양물을 이용한 혼합발효를 통해서 다당류, ${\beta}$-glucan과 같은 생리활성물질과 기능성 GABA 생산을 최적화 하고자 하였다. C. lacerata 균사체의 최적 배양 조건으로 glucose 3%, soybean flour 3%, $MgSO_4$ 0.15%를 혼합하여 배지로 사용하였고, 5 L jar fermentor를 이용하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 진탕 배양하였다. 배양물은 균사체 함량 29.7 g/L, 다당류 함량 3.1 g/L, ${\beta}$-glucan 2% (w/w), protease 활성 68.96 unit/mL, ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성 10.37 unit/mL로 매우 높게 나타났다. C. lacerata 균사체 배양물을 이용하여 젖산세균 고정화에 의한 혼합발효물의 생균수를 측정한 결과, 배양 1일 째 비드 내에서 젖산세균의 수는 $3.13{\time}10^9CFU/mL$로 높게 나타났고, 배지에 유리된 젖산세균의 수는 배양기간 동안 $1.48{\time}10^8CFU/mL$로 유지하였다. 알지네이트 1.5%를 사용하여 비드를 제조하였을 때, GABA 함량을 측정한 결과 배양 7일 째 비드 내에서 6.30 mg/mL, 배지에서 9.96 mg/mL로 높게 나타났다. 젖산세균 고정화의 재사용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 고정화 비드를 5회간 재사용하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 혼합발효한 결과, GABA 생산이 급격히 증가하여 배양 기간 동안 유지하였다. 결론적으로 C. lacerata 균사체 배양물로부터 고정화된 젖산세균을 이용한 혼합발효는 고농도 GABA를 포함된 기능성 소재를 생산할 수 있었으며, 이는 식품 및 생물 산업의 원료로 활용이 기대된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.977-990
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• 2010

Today, as individuals show their social identities and reflect their being as the members of society with a culture, an art style and communication function are stood out in fashion photographs. Accordingly, the meanings of images into text are expanded in its interpretative width through the acceptor's various terms. This researcher looked into four theories of both positions on the textuality of language and image, and considered the point of discussion on image of each theory through modern fashion photographs. First, the theory which divides language and image as auditory and visual recognitions in the textuality of language and image is limited from the view it focuses on only one side without considering the ambivalent elements of each field. For the textuality in modern fashion photographs, the observer attempts to turn it into text to give meaning to it as the recognition through five senses conforming to the acceptor's condition. Second, the theory dividing language and image into the text of time properties and spacial properties has limitation in the text, for acceptor's experience of the object appears as the structured form in time and space rather than being defined as two things like time and space. Third, the theory classifying the language and image text into conventional taste and natural taste has limitation from the view that image text is hardly an object of consistent classification in ease of recognition by the code accepted in society. Thus, this can't be fundamental approach for the understanding of the text of decoding trend represented in modern fashion photographs. Fourth, accordingly, this researcher focussed on contextual and arbitrary text of fashion photographs through the theory of Nelson Goodman which discusses image text through the differences in textuality. Basic mechanism of perceiving and recognizing and distinguish image is closely related to habit and custom like language. So, each acceptor perceives the image as a text through arbitrary interpretation obtained by individual, empirical, historical, and educational viewpoints. The textuality of modern fashion photographs aims to widen the range of diverse knowledge and understanding, transcending the regulations of simple function of existing fashion photographs. Consequently, this researcher puts forward the opinion of consistent and diverse follow-up studies on instilling meaning into fashion photographs for the understanding de-regulatory and de-constructive through various senses by avoiding only one sense-dependent fixed and regulatory properties of it.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1997

This study was done for understanding the desirable direction of eastern and western nursing by comparing the nursing practice for the Pyrexia patient occuring most commonly. Body temperature usually maintains around $37^{\circ}C$ owing to the thermoregulatory center but pyrexia is caused by exogenous pyrogen like infection, cancer or disturbances in body's homeostatic heat balance. Pyrexia is defined that body temperature rise above $37.2^{\circ}C$. It has chill phase, course of the fever, termination accompanied various symptoms. Oriental medicine explains that pyrexia comes from Yang's(陽) abundance and Yin's(陰) lack. Pyrexia mainly happens when body constitution is in bad condition by Six Dirty's(六陰) affection to Wi Area (偉分). It also occurs because of unbalance between Qi (氣) and Yin(陰) caused by the lack in Seven Emotions, labor, food. The Sanghanron(傷寒論), explains that pyrexia is categorized exogenous fever like Poong Han(風寒), Poong Yul(風熱), Sup Yul(濕熱) and endogenous fever due to the Qi and blood deficiency. Explained above, even though pyrexia has different meaning in oriental medicine and western medicine, but this study have compared the oriental and western medicine assuming that pyrexia is rise of body temperature. From this point of view, oriental and western nursing shows the similarity in the field of 1) use of antipyretic to control the body temperature 2) rest and comfort 3) watering 4) nutrition and case study was executed in nursing practice. From the above study, western nursing has superiority in decreasing the patient's risen body temperature using antipyretic and ice bag. But in case of empty heat, oriental nursing which recommends the patient's body keep warm and prevent the use of ice bag as the first step and helps patient's sweating by drinking of hot water was comparatively effective. In conclusion, it is desirable that oriental nursing emphasizing the supportive nursing and western nursing should be harmonized according to the status of pyrexia patient and it is needed to study the nursing method appropriate in our culture.

• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

본 연구는 19개국 조사를 통해 사람중심 기업가정신의 국가별 비교를 실시하였다. 사람중심 기업가정신의 두 요인인 사업싸이클과 사람싸이클을 국가별로 비교하였으며 또한 이 두 요소간의 균형 상태를 파악하였다. 사람중심 기업가정신을 국가별로 비교하기 위해 본 연구는 Sethia and von Glinow(1985)의 조직문화모델을 수정하여 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 '성과/생산 중시'를 사업싸이클, '사람 중시'를 사람싸이클에 대응시켰다. 국가간 비교 결과 선진국일수록 사업싸이클과 사람싸이클이 균형을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 한국 등 성장이 정체된 국가들은 사람싸이클이 상대적으로 부족한 것으로 나타났다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권2호통권94호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

이 연구는 식물플랑크톤(Scenedesmus sp.)이 영양염류를 흡수하는 원리를 이용하여, 영양염류를 제거하기 위하여 실시하였다. 식물플랑크톤을 교반하여 배양할 경우, 가장 빨리 증식되었고, 오수방류수를 식물플랑크톤 배양액에 50% 되도록 혼합하여, 약 2일 동안 배양시키는 것이 영양염류를 제거하는데 효율적이었다. 이러한 최적조건에서 증식된 식물플랑크톤을 GF/C glass fiber filter로 여과하여 분석한 결과, TKN는 88% 이상 제거되었고, DIP는 70${\sim}$80% 제거되었으며, 이때 식물플랑크톤이 최대한 1300mg/m$^{3}$로 증식되었다. 또한, 3시간 간격으로 영양염류의 이용과정을 분석한 결과, 식물플랑크톤의 증식은 NH$_{3}$-N(r$^{2}$=0.96)와 DIP(r$^{2}$=0.92)와는 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 영양염류를 섭취하여 증식된 식물플랑크톤을 여과시키거나, 동물플랑크톤에 적용시켜 먹이연쇄 관계를 이용한다면, 생태공학적으로 영양염류를 제거할 수 있고, 수계의 부영양화를 방지할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

본 연구는 거창 정장리 유적에서 복원이 불가능한 유리구슬 편 24점과 완형 유리구슬 26점에 대하여 형태적 특성 관찰과 화학 조성 분석을 통해 재질 및 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 유리구슬의 형태적 특성은 색상, 크기, 풍화 상태, 제작 기법에 따라 크게 다섯 가지 유형으로 구분된다. 화학 조성에 따른 분류에서 첫 번째와 두 번째 유형은 소다유리군, 세 번째 유형은 포타쉬유리군, 네 번째와 다섯 번째 유형은 납바륨유리군으로 확인된다. 이를 통해 거창 정장리 유적의 유리구슬은 형태적 특성에 따라 화학 조성이 변화되는 양상을 보이며 다양한 화학 조성이 확인되었다. 본 유적의 유리문화의 흐름을 살펴보면 납바륨유리군 II형과 포타쉬유리군 I, II형이 나타나는 유구는 비교적 선행 시기인 목곽묘 단계, 소다유리군과 납바륨유리군 III형이 나타나는 유구는 비교적 후행 시기인 목곽묘 단계의 유리 문화가 형성된 것으로 추정할 수 있다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.391-411
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• 2012

Request expressions can be defined as expressions that demand or ask the other person to do certain movements. There are direct request expressions that ask the other person to do certain movements directly and indirect request expressions that ask the other person to do certain movements by describing the speaker's condition. The study analyzed gender and hierarchy of speakers and listeners who used 'tekure' and 'tekudasai' in dialog examples of the Meiji Period and the Taisho Period. In those periods, the modern Tokyo dialect was formed and established. "Toseishoseikatagi"in Meiji 10s,"Ukigumo""Natsukodachi""Tajotakon"in Meiji 20s,"Hakai""Botchan"in Meiji 30s,"Huton""Inakakyoshi" in Meiji 40s and "Aruonna"in the Taisho Period were analyzed for the study. 'kure' was used more by male speakers than female speakers. Examples by female speakers were shown on the novels after Meji 30s. In case of male speakers, they often used it to listeners with an equitable relationship at "Toseishoseikatagi"in Meiji 10s but they often used it to younger listeners at "Hakai"in Meiji 30s. 'okure' was used more by female speakers than male speakers. Listeners were varied from older ones to younger ones. In case of female speakers, 'okure' was used more often at "Aruonna"in the Taisho Period than the other novels. In case of male speakers, 'okure' was used only at "Ukigumo""Natsukodachi"and "Hakai". 'Okurenasai' was used outstandingly by female speakers on the form of 'okun_'. In case of 'kudasai', female speakers used it more than male speakers at "Toseishoseikatagi" and "Aruonna"but male speakers used it more than female speakers at "Tajotakon"and "Hakai". Listeners were varied from older ones to younger ones. 'o~kudasai' was not shown until Meiji 20s but shown after Meiji 30s among the analyzed novels. According to gender, it was used a little bit more often by female speakers than male speakers. According to hierarchy, listeners were usually older than speakers. 'o~nasatekudasai' was used more often by male speakers than female speakers. Listeners were also usually older than speakers.