• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.419-430
• /
• 2019

This study examined the influences of middle school students' affective empathy and guilt-proneness on defending behavior against bullying and investigated if class climate (teacher support and student support) had moderating effects. The participants consisted of 163 second to third grade students (77 boys and 86 girls) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression. Moderating effects were examined using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that guilt-proneness, teacher support, and student support had significant effects on the defending behavior of middle school students. The higher the level of guilt-proneness, the higher the level of defending behavior. Defending behavior was also higher when students perceived a belongingness to a classroom where their teacher and students provided support. However, affective empathy had no effect on defending behavior. Second, teacher support moderated the relation between guilt-proneness and defending behavior. The effects of guilt-proneness on defending behavior against bullying were greater when teacher support was high compared to low. The results suggested that guilt-proneness and classroom climate play important roles in increasing defending behavior in middle school students. Some implications for future research were also discussed.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 2021

Bullying prevention and intervention programs often include empathy training. This study investigated how the cognitive empathy and affective empathy are related to bullying involvement. For this purpose, a questionnaire composed of Korean version of Participant Role Questionnaire scale (bullying, defending, and outsider behavior), and Korean version of Basic Empathy Scale (cognitive empathy, and affective empathy) were administered to 598 middle school students from 7 different middle schools in Gyeongnam province of Korea. The results, based on Structural equation modeling, showed that adolescents' cognitive empathy were indirectly linked to bullying behavior of adolescents' through defending behavior and outsider behavior. Adolescents' affective empathy were directly linked to bullying behavior. These findings could guide the development and implementation of prevention programs for adolescents' bulling. Implications and future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.95-111
• /
• 2010

We examined gender-specific behaviors in children and classified types of bullying behavior among 1,181 fifth and sixth grade elementary schools students. Differences were identified in individual variables, family environment variables, and school environment variables. Furthermore the behavioral tendencies of those variables towards bullying were also investigated. Collected data were subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis using the SPSS program(Ver 15.0). Results showed that tendency towards bullying was gender specific. Bullying behavior, reinforcing behavior, assistant behavior, and onlooking behavior in boys were influenced by individual factors only. However, defending behavior in boys was influenced by individual and school factors, while victimizing behavior was influenced by individual and family factors. In girls, onlooking behavior was only influenced by individual factors, while reinforcing behavior was influenced by individual and family factors. Bullying behavior, defending behavior, assistant behavior, and victimizing behavior in girls were influenced by individual, family, and school factors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.353-361
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of health promoting behavior in postpartal $4{\sim}6$ week women. The sample consisted of 104 postpartal women who experienced a vaginal delivery at four obstetrical clinics located in Kwangju city. Data were collected for two months from June 1 to July 30, 1997. Analysis of the data was done by use of percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coeficients, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The range of total HPLP score was from 93 to 182 and the mean score of that was 142.28. In comparison of mean scores defending on each item of six demensions, self-actualization demension tended to showed hightest score(3.33) and exercise & rest demension, the lowest score(2.47). 2. The HPLP score was not significantly different defending on the general characteristics. 3. The HPLP score showed a positive correlation with family-support(r=.51) and self-efficacy(r=.41), but a inverse correlation with perceived barriers(r=-.27). 4. By using stepwise multiple regression analysis it was determined that the main influencing factors on the HPLP score were family-support(26%) and self-efficacy (8%). These variables made it possible to explain 34% of variance in HPLP score.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.491-504
• /
• 2007

This study was based on resilience approach to find out elementary first, second, and third year students' differences of social support and problem solving ability defending on their family situation (low-income divorced family or normal family) by comparing their sex and age. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of factors (social support, problem behavior, and problem solving ability) of children defending on their family situation and age. Moreover, it was aimed to find out the effect of social support and problem solving ability of low-income divorced family's children on their problem behavior. Subjects were 165 children in elementary school (grade 1, 2, and 3). For this study two groups were used for comparison. First, low-grade elementary school children with low-income divorced parents (N=87), "group D" and second, with low-income non-divorced parents (N=78) "group N". The questionnaire, picture cards, and teacher's report was used to determine social support perception, problem-solving ability, and problem behavior, respectively. Results showed that "Group D" was determined to show regarding social support, problem-solving ability, and problem behaviors worse than "group N". In conclusion, problem behaviors of "group D" were affected by social support and their problem-solving ability.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.107-131
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating a measure of the workplace bullying bystander behavior. For the purpose, items were developed by referring to previous studies related to workplace bullying, and behavior subtypes were defined as pro-bullying, defending, and bystander behaviors. After confirming the content validity with the help of experts, a total of 31 preliminary items were composed. The final 26 items were selected by conducting an exploratory factor analysis and verifying the validity and reliability of the scale with a survey of 288 office workers who have directly or indirectly witnessed workplace bullying over the past three years. In this process, it was confirmed that defense behavior was distinguished into two types: Active and supportive. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with data from 518 office workers who have directly or indirectly witnessed workplace bullying over the past year, and the validity and reliability of the developed scale were confirmed. As a result of comparing the competing models to reconfirm the subtypes, it was confirmed again that active defense behavior and supportive defense behavior were distinguished. The criterion-related validity of all subtypes was confirmed by setting the criterion variables for workplace bullying behavior, altruistic behavior, pro-social behavior, fear of intervention, moral disengagement, guilt, and moral identity. Based on the result of this study, follow-up research tasks related to workplace bullying bystander behavior scale were suggested and the methods to prevent and intervene in workplace bullying while utilizing workplace bullying bystander behaviors were discussed.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.826-829
• /
• 2011

Distributed systems particularly suffer from Sybil attacks, where a malicious user creates numerous bogus nodes to influence the functions of the system. In this letter, we propose a Bloom filter-based scheme, SybilBF, to fight against Sybil attacks. A Bloom filter presents a set of Sybil nodes according to historical behavior, which can be disseminated to at least n (e-1)/e honest nodes. Our evaluation shows that SybilBF outperforms state of the art mechanisms improving SybilLimit by a factor of (1/e)${\gamma}$ at least.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 2016

We tried to develop the school violence prevention program which focuses on the bystanders. In the context of school violence, most students are bystanders. They can either reinforce the violence or stop the violence. We hypothesized that the students who know their own temperament dimensions such as novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence (Cloninger, 1994) will show more tendencies to defend victims from school violence when they learned the methods to prevent school violence in accordance to their temperament dimensions. 351 Korean middle school students participated the 4 sessions of school violence prevention program. The students completed the questionnaires to identify their own behavior in school violence situations. In the experimental group(temperament group), students learned the methods to help the victims that suits with their own temperaments. Whereas, the comparison group just attend the class regardless of their temperaments. Both groups showed significant increase in the trend of defending the victims. However, the temperament group showed more tendency to protect/defend the victims than the comparison group when they faced with school violence. These results show that students can learn the methods of defending victims from school violence more easily by knowing their own temperament dimensions, and can be the prepared and the effective defenders.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2006

We researched the reproductive ecology of pale chub, Zacco platypus that inhabits Gajeong-cheon and Wonju-cheon that are a tributary to the Han river. The nuptial organ was formed on the head part, the anal fin and the tail part in male, the change of nuptial color was outstanding. By their changing body shape, the anal fin was extended and body depth came to be high during the spawning season in both sexes. Territorial male of defending behavior were head butting, rotated fighting, parallel swimming, biting and expelling. After pale chub located himself from the upper of the female that was approached to the side parallelling with the female, male and female spawned digging sand with their anal fin by vibrating and any parental care of the eggs was not taken. The spawning interval and lasting time were relevant to individuals density of spawning ground.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.129
• /
• pp.111-140
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the main subjects with which I deal are as follows: (1) Is Distancing Philosophy from the real ruling power a way of practical-philosophical resistance, based on social reformation as a axiological directivity of Kim Tae-Gil's ethical thought, though it is negative type of resistance? Or is it a sort of transformed value-free opportunist behavior which allows antidemocratic ruling group to coerce the people into submission, assuming an uncompromising stand seemingly? (2) Is Kim's defense argument on the opening of the course of National Ethics and the all-out activation of National Ethics education under Park's Yushin Regime derived from his own philosophical belief? Or is it brought out from the external conditions and circumstances surrounding Kim Tae-Gil which forces him to participate in the national undertaking for the settlement of the course of National Ethics in the university? The 'provisional' answers about the two subjects are as follows: (1) Kim's Distancing Philosophy is a type of practical philosophical revolt against the dictatorship power under Yushin Regime, though it is negative form of resistance. We can accept this philosophical elucidation above all by confirming the fact that the reform of reality is the main ethical trait running through his entire ethical thought system. However distancing philosophy disclose the crucial limits to allow itself to boil to the philosophical practice compromising with real ruling power eventually, though it is intended upon its own social ethical directivity and conviction. (2) The primary factor which affects Kim to propose such an advocation argument on the course of National Ethics and the education of National Ethics is the external conditions and circumstances surrounding him, especially the power-relation between he and ruling group and intimate human relation between he and his superior philosophers who carries out the role of a ideologue for the Yushin Regime, rather than his own philosophical belief. But no matter what primary factor, Kim's action to make a advocating argument to support the course and the education of National Ethics is to blame, on that account that he cannot adequately his social responsibility and role given to him as a reformist moral philosopher who will pursue the realization of righteous democratic society. Along with that, It is not too enough to criticize him sharply for such defending action. The reason is that his supporting stance for National Ethics education is brought out, by not adhering closely to the philosophical way of distancing from the dictatorial power devoid of political legitimacy and moral justification.