• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2002

Risk analysis is a formal deductive procedure for determining combinations of component failures and human errors that could result in the occurrence of specified undesired events at the system level. This method can be used to analyze the vast majority of industrial system reliability problems. This study deals with the application of knowledge-engineering and a methodology for the assessment ＆ measurement of reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety of industrial systems using FTA(fault tree analysis), A fuzzy methodology for fault-tree evaluation seems to be an alternative solution to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional approach (insufficient Information concerning the relative frequencies of hazard events). To improve the quality of results, the membership functions must be approximated based on heuristic considerations, The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge engineering approach, directed to integrate the various sources of knowledge involved in a FTA.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.47-75
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• 1990

This study focuses on the ecological and environmental approach for marketing in the attempt to harmonize the objectives and resources of the organizations with the changing environment. This study presents the deductive and nomative method for analyzing recurrent marketing problem and contains seven chapters. The marketing environment is the place the company must start in searching for oportunities and in monitoring threats. It consists of all the actors and forces that affect the company's ability to transact can be divided into two componets-The marketing environment comperies a microenvironment consists of the actors in the company's immediate environment that affect its ability to serve its customers, namely, the company, market channal firms, customers, competitors and publics, the macroenvironment consists of the larger societal forces that affect all the actors in the macroenvironment, nanly, the demographic, economic, natural, technological and cultural forces. Most marketing executives took the phyisical environment for granted. Few consistered it one of the most dynamic elements in the totoal environment of business. However, two development have brought the physical environment to the forefront of business decision. The first has been labeled the ecological crisis-the polution and deterioration of air, water and land, the second is the accelerated depletion of the earth's natural resources. Currently, most product are designed to obtain an optimum combination of customer acceptances and production and distribution efficiencies. If we look to the future, products increasingly will be planned to obtain an optimum combination of market acceptance increasingly, efficiency and environmental protection. The entire ecological cycle of product will have to be considered.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.331-349
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• 2007

This study aims to improve the teaching and learning method on the conic sections. To do that the researcher analyzed the impact of dynamic geometry software on students' problem solving of the conic sections. Students often say, "I have solved this kind of problem and remember hearing the problem solving process of it before." But they often are not able to resolve the question. Previous studies suggest that one of the reasons can be students' tendency to approach the conic sections only using algebra or analytic geometry without the geometric principle. So the researcher conducted instructions based on the geometric and historico-genetic principle on the conic sections using dynamic geometry software. The instructions were intended to find out if the experimental, intuitional, mathematic problem solving is necessary for the deductive process of solving geometric problems. To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher video taped the instruction process and converted it to digital using the computer. What students' had said and discussed with the teacher during the classes was checked and their behavior was analyzed. That analysis was based on Branford's perspective, which included three different stage of proof; experimental, intuitive, and mathematical. The researcher got the following conclusions from this study. Firstly, students preferred their own manipulation or reconstruction to deductive mathematical explanation or proving of the problem. And they showed tendency to consider it as the mathematical truth when the problem is dealt with by their own manipulation. Secondly, the manipulation environment of dynamic geometry software help students correct their mathematical misconception, which result from their cognitive obstacles, and get correct ones. Thirdly, by using dynamic geometry software the teacher could help reduce the 'zone of proximal development' of Vigotsky.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2022

The relevance of the published study lies in the fact that since the introduction of the first Global Distribution System, new information and communication technologies have constantly been changing the tourism industry. In the context of a current digital environment, travel agencies can't avoid participating in digital transformation processes aimed at rethinking operational models, skills, and organisational structures in the regions. This publication aims to present and provide a critical overview of digitalisation processes in tourism development in the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as to reflect on the challenges to the widespread digitalisation processes in the regional tourism sector. The subject of research is digitalisation processes, as they radically transform the modern tourism industry, in the regions as well. The pragmatic research paradigm was considered the most appropriate for the study of tourism digitalisation processes in the regions, as it does not require the selection of a specific theoretical basis for data collection. The pragmatic approach forms an alternative to classical theoretical approaches and serves as a particular type of grounded theory, combining both inductive and deductive methods. No software was used for the inductive part of the analysis. The deductive part was conducted using the qualitative data analysis software Nvivo 11. Given the wide diversity of interested parties in the regional tourism digital area, a stratified purposive sampling method was preferred due to its ability to adequately represent the full picture of the phenomenon under study. The selection and stratum criteria were chosen to maximise the representation of different perspectives in the regional tourism digital area. The novelty of the study is due to the digitalisation processes, with an implication of new needs, while opening up promising opportunities for more productive tourism business in the regions of the Russian Federation. Currently, e-tourism in the Russian Federation has become a subject of lively debate among scholars and practitioners. However, the involvement of advanced digitalisation technologies in the field of information processes in the regions of the Russian Federation is of a very sporadic character.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2005

The ever increasing demand for enhanced competitiveness of engineered products requires "designing-in-quality" strategies that can effectively and efficiently incorporate concepts of uncertainty and quality into design. Multi-attribute utility function is commonly used to represent the decision-maker's preference on multiple design attributes under conditions of uncertainty and risk. One of the major issues in implementing this approach concerns the generation of appropriate utility function, especially in a complex engineering design environment. Typically, the decision maker's preference is revealed through lottery questions rather than being structured on the deductive reasoning to reflect the nonlinear tradeoffs among the attributes. The use of such intuitive procedures can lead to inexact preference information that may result in inaccuracy and rank reversal problems. This paper presents an alternative procedure based on the pair-wise comparisons between design alternatives towards a consistent preference presentation in assessing multiplicative utility function. The effectiveness of the overall procedures is tested with the aid of an injection-molding process design for a capacitor can and the results are discussed.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.567-571
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• 2004

The 2-dimensional unsteady flows on and around the cambered airfoils were computed by applying LES with the deductive dynamic SGS model. The unsteady flow field were used as inputs to compute the far-field sounds and directivity patterns from rotating blades by a hybrid approach that exploits Farassat's formula. The BEM (Boundary Element Method) was applied to predict the frequency characteristics from the rotating blades for the cases of even- and uneven-pitched fans. The BEM results suggested that the unevenly pitched fan have less pronounced discrete peaks at BEF frequencies, which was confirmed by the experiment.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2016

Objective: This study's purpose was to develop a teaching competency scale for character education for early childhood teachers and to examine its reliability. Methods: The study procedure was as follows: First, scale items were generated by reviewing the literature as a deductive approach and focused interviews with 8 field experts in an inductive approach. Second, face validation was assessed by 7 academic experts, and statistical validation processes were done twice. The data used in the final statistical analyses included 206 questionnaires for early childhood teachers. Statistical validation included item response analysis, item discrimination analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. Results: The 3 factors identified were as follows: Communicate teaching competence, practical teaching competence, and instrumental teaching competence. The validity and reliability of the Teaching Competency Scale for Character Education in Early Childhood Teachers were acceptable. Conclusion: This new scale will be a useful tool to better support character education for early childhood teachers and contribute to providing a basis for developing more sophisticated tools.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.221-234
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• 2024

이 연구는 초등학교 과학수업에서 논의기반 탐구수업이 초등학생의 비판적 사고에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 광역시의 초등학교 5학년 2개 학급 학생 23명을 대상으로 하였고, 이 중 1개 학급(11명)을 실험집단으로 하여 10개 주제의 논의기반 탐구수업을 적용하였다. 논의기반 탐구수업이 비판적 사고에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수업 전과 후에 비판적 사고 검사 결과와 실험집단 학생들의 논의과정 녹음자료를 분석하였다. 비판적 사고 분석 결과, 연역 항목에서 실험집단의 평균 점수가 비교집단보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 더 높았으며, 논의과정 녹음자료 분석 결과, 학생들은 연역 추론을 귀납 추론보다 자주 사용하였고 주장·증거 단계에서 그 빈도가 크게 증가하였다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-135
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• 2004

본 연구는 조직구성원의 지식기여도를 객관적으로 측정하기 위한 평가항목 및 각 항목의 가중치를 개발하고자 하는 연구이다. 평가항목의 개발을 위해 연역적 방법과 가중치 개발을 위해 델파이 기법이 각각 사용되었다. 평가항목의 도출을 위해 우선 '지식기여'에 대하여 정의를 내리는 것으로 출발하였다. 도출된 정의를 기초로, 지식기여의 형태는 크게 형식적 기여와 암묵적 기여로 구분되었다. 형식적 기여는 기여하는 지식의 내용에 따라 사실지와 방법지로 구분되었다. 사실지는 구체적으로 방법지 산출물과 기타 사실지로, 방법지는 방법지 매뉴얼과 체득된 방법지로 구분되었다. 암묵적 기여는 암묵성 정도에 따라 대리, 시범, 질의응답(Q&A) 세가지로 구분되었다. 7가지 지식기여 요소에 대한 평가는 양적 측면과질적 측면에서 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 조직구성원의 지식기여의 활동결과는 지식관리시스템(KMS)에 저장되는 것을 전제로 하고 있다. 지식관리시스템 상에서의 형식적 기여의 경우 양적인 평가에서는 게시건수 혹은 수행건수로, 질적인 평가에서의 평가는 조회건수나 만족도 평가, 요청 받은 건수 등으로 측정하였다. 이상과 같이 연역적 방법에 의해 평가요소 및 평가항목들을 개발하고 각 평가항목들에 대한 가중치분석을 위해 전체를 100으로 하였을 때의 각 항목의 가중치를 정하기 위해 전문가들의 의견을 조합하는 델파이기법이 사용되었다. 델파이 결과, 형식적 기여 차원과 암묵적 기여 차원에 동일한 가중치가 부여되었으며, 형식적 기여차원에서는 사실지 보다는 방법지에 가중치가 좀더 부여되었고, 암묵지 기여 차원에서는 질의응답 - 시범 - 대리의 순으로 가중치가 부여되었다. 이를 통해 '타인의 지식 획득과 활용에 도움을 주는 지식기여행위가 되기 위해서는 어떤 형태로든 지식 제공자와 지식 수여자간의 밀접한 상호작용이 높아야 하며, 제공자의 지식이 타인에게 빠르게 그리고 잘 전달될 수록 지식기여도가 높다'라는 결론이 도출되었다. 본 연구는 지식기여 활동에 대한 평가 지표를 마련하였다는 점에서 의의가 크다 하겠으나, 업종별이나 산업별로 세분화된 평가 지표 마련에는 미흡하였다. 또한 항후 지식 경영을 도입하여 시행한 연수에 비추어서 평가 항목별 가중치를 부여를 할 수 있다면 보다 정교한 평가도구의 제공이 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.342-355
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• 2006

이 연구는 과학교육에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 실험수업의 유형을 분류할 수 있는 틀을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 분류틀을 개발하기 위해 실험의 유형에 관한 선행연구들을 분석하고, 실험수업의 다양한 특성들을 분명하게 나타내는 실험수업 분류틀(CSLI)을 생성하였다. 실험수업 분류틀(CSLI)은 실험수업에 따르는 절차와 접근방식의 두 개의 분류자로 구성하였다. 실험수업에 따르는 절차는 절차 제시의 주체에 따라 절차가 외부에서 공급되는 경우와 학생들에 의해 설계되는 학생생성으로 구분하였으며, 실험수업의 접근 방식은 개념 제시의 순서에 따라 연역적 접근과 귀납적 접근으로 이분법적으로 구분하였다. 두 개의 분류자에 의해 실험수업을 네 가지 유형 - 확인실험, 발견실험, 탐색실험, 연구실험 -으로 분류하고, 각 유형의 실험수업들의 특성과 장단점을 기술하였다. 개발한 실험수업분류틀에 대해서 과학교육전문가 6인의 타당도 검증을 거쳐 분류틀을 완성하였다. 개발된 실험수업 유형 분류틀이 현장검증의 부족으로 인해 실험수업의 다양한 특성을 제한적으로 나타낼지라도 보다 나은 연구를 위한 모델로서 공헌할 수 있을 것이다.