• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

세로-지향 데이터베이스 시스템은 기존의 가로-지향 데이터베이스 시스템과 달리 데이터를 가로(row) 위주가 아닌 세로(column) 위주로 저장한다. 최근에는 데이터 웨어하우스나 의사 결정 시스템 같은 대용량 데이터를 갖는 읽기 위주의 응용들에서 세로-지향데이터베이스의 우수성이 관찰되었다. 본 논문에서는 세로-지향데이터베이스에서의 조인 전략을 구체적으로 분석하고 데이터 웨어하우스 시스템에서 세로-지향 데이터베이스의 우수성을 검증하고자 한다. 두 시스템간의 객관적인 비교를 위해 데이터 웨어하우스 분석 모델인 스타 스키마 벤치마크를 통해 스타스키마조인 질의에 대한 성능분석을 실시하고자 한다. 또한 세로-지향 데이터베이스의 조인 전략으로 조기 실체화(early materialization)와 지연 실체화(late materialization)를 고려하였다. 성능 분석을 통해 스타 스키마 조인 질의처리에 있어 가로-지향 시스템보다는 세로-지향 시스템에서 디스크 I/O 비용이 더 효율적인 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 세로-지향 데이터베이스 시스템 측면에서는 조기 실체화보다는 지연 실체화 조인전략이 훨씬 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

본 연구는 과학 관련 사회적 쟁점(Socio-Scientific Issues, SSI)의 국내 프로그램 123개를 SSI 준거틀에 따라 분석하였다. 준거틀은 프로그램의 주제, 학교급, 도입, 과학적 증거, 사회적 내용, 과학적 지식의 사용, 갈등 수준, 평가와 성찰 등으로 구성된다. 분석한 결과에 따른 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 SSI 프로그램은 초등학교급 프로그램이 가장 많았고, 중학교급 프로그램이 상대적으로 적게 나타났다. 둘째, SSI 프로그램의 도입은 실제 상황과 픽션과 논픽션 상황이 주된 것으로 나타났고, 논쟁과 갈등이 포함된 상황은 10% 미만으로 나타났다. 셋째, SSI 프로그램은 과학적 증거에 기반하지만 개인의 가치, 인식 등에 따라 영향을 받는 내용이 주로 나타났다. 넷째, SSI 프로그램의 사회적 내용은 윤리/도덕/가치, 정치/사회생활/경제, 환경 내용이 주로 개발되었다. 다섯째, SSI 프로그램에서 과학적 지식의 사용은 과학적 의사결정, 과학적 비판적 사고, 정보 탐색이 주로 나타났다. 그러나 과학 탐구, 위험평가, 비용 효과는 10% 미만으로 나타났다. 과학적 탐구는 과학교육의 핵심이며, 과학과 교육과정의 핵심역량이다. SSI 교육을 통해 학생들의 다양한 이해당사자의 관점을 경험하고, 평가하고, 반성하는 학습 경험을 제공해야 한다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.240-260
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• 2006

Purpose : The objective of this study is to serve guidelines for the investigation and management of uterine myomas with KM therapies. Methods : English-language articles from PubMed and Korean-language articles from the database of the journal of oriental gynecology were reviewed from 2000 to 2005, using the key words 'uterine myoma', 'uterine leiomyoma', 'fibroid', 'uterine artery embolization', 'endometrial ablation', 'myomectomy', and jagungguenjong(子宮筋腫)'. Results and Limits : The areas of clinical practices considered in formulating this guideline are assessment, KM therapies, medical treatments, myolysis, selective artery occlusion, endometrial ablation and surgical therapies including myomectomy and hysterectomy. Implementation of this guideline would optimize the decision-making process of women with uterine myomas and further investigation or therapy of their KM doctors. But we don't have abundant evidences of clinical trials of uterine myoma treated with KM therapy, though we treat or manage that with every-day clinical practices. Moreover cultural gaps between Korea and other western countries make many differences in the attitude to surgical therapies, especially hysterectomy. So it is very difficult to compare W therapies with other therapies. Moreover it is much difficult to estimate cost-effectiveness and benefit of those therapies in QOL. Conclusions : The majority of uterine myoma is asymptomatic and will not require any intervention or further investigation. But unmarried women who wish to marry and get pregnant want to find safe therapy for their asymptomatic uterine myomas. In that case, most of the patients prefer non-surgical therapy to surgical therapy. So KM herbal medicinal therapy is a good alternative method for those patients. For the symptomatic myomas, hysterectomy offers a definitive solution. However, it is not the best solution for women who wish to preserve their uterus. So KM therapy is a good alternative for them. But the predicted benefits of alternative therapies including KM therapy must be carefully weighed against the Possible risks of these therapies. To improve the quality of life of both women with asymptomatic and symptomatic myomas, selecting and treating patients should be done carefully. Moreover, the effect of KM therapy has to evaluated, comparing the possible situation without treatment and the benefit of constant treatment as a health-care system.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.187-216
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• 2008

Risk regarding the possibility of loss can be especially problematic. If a loss is certain to occur, it may be planned for in advance and treated as a definite, known expense. It is when there is uncertainty about the occurrence of a loss that risk becomes an important problem. The word risk is often used in connection with insurance. No one generally accepted definition of risk exists, however. Of the many definitions, two distinctive ones are commonly used. One defines risk as the variation in possible outcomes of an event based on chance. That is, the greater the number of different outcomes that may occur, the greater the risk. Another way of expressing this concept is to state: The greater the variation around an average expected loss, the greater the risk. The second definition of risk is the uncertainty concerning a possible loss. The definition of risk as a useful one because it focuses attention on the degree of risk in given situations. The degree of risk is a measure of the accuracy with which the outcome of an event based on chance can be predicted. For now, it will serve our purpose to note the more accurate the prediction of the outcome of an event based on chance, the lower the degree of risk. After sources of risks are identified and measured, a decision can be made as to how the risk should be handled. A pure risk that is not identified does not disappear, the business merely loses the opportunity to consciously decide on the best technique for dealing with that risk. The process used to systematically manage risk exposures is known as risk management. Some persons use the term risk management only in connection with businesses, and often the term refers only to the management of pure risks. In this sense, the traditional risk management goal has been to minimize the cost of pure risk to the company. But as firms broaden the ways that they view and manage many different types of risk, the need for new terminology has become apparent. The terms integrated risk management and enterprise risk management reflect the intent to manage all forms of risk, regardless of type. International trade transaction is called between countries has features of globalism, cultural gap, long distance and long terms for the transaction. It is riskier than domestic transaction has its specific risks, such as foreign exchange risk and political risk, and requires various active risk management skills. Risks in relation to the international trade transaction are the contract risk, transit risk and payment risk, etc. The risk management in relation to the international trade transaction is to identify and measure these risks. The purpose of this study is to analyse the practical problems and its solution plan by analyzing various cases related to the risk management of bill of lading in the international trade transaction.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.359-398
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• 2017

에너지 및 기후변화 정책을 수립하는 데 있어 경제모형은 중요한 역할을 한다. 자원의 효율적인 사용에 관한 경제이론을 바탕으로 공공의 정책을 평가하고 나아가야 할 방향을 제시할 수 있기 때문이다. 개인의 의사결정뿐 아니라 공공의 의사결정에서 불확실성은 중요한 영향을 미친다. 최근 학계를 중심으로 에너지 및 기후변화 문제와 관련하여 불확실성이 모형의 결과에 미치는 영향이 강조되고 있으며, 몇몇 모형들에서는 불확실성을 명시적으로 반영하고 있다. 그러나 국내에서 사용하고 있는 에너지 및 기후경제 모형의 경우 대체로 결정론적인 분석틀을 사용하고 있어 에너지 및 기후변화 문제가 갖고 있는 불확실성을 반영하지 못한다는 문제점이 있다. 발생 가능한 다양한 경우에 대해서도 견고한 의사결정의 중요성이 강조되고 있다는 측면에서도 불확실성 분석의 필요성은 더욱 커지고 있다. 이에 이 논문은 불확실성 분석에 관한 이론을 검토하고, 이론에 근거해 불확실성과 관련한 에너지 및 기후경제 모형의 최근 연구 결과를 분석하며, 국내 모형들이 불확실성 분석을 수행할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 수치 모형 응용으로서 FUND 모형을 불확실성을 반영해 수정한 후 국내 기후변화 피해비용을 분석하였다. 이 논문은 에너지 및 기후경제 모형과 관련하여 불확실성 분석 관련 내용을 종합적으로 검토하고 향후 국내 모형에서 적용할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다는 점에서 기여하는 바가 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.219-246
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• 2020

배출권거래제 2차 계획기간(2018~2020년)부터 '국내기업 등이 외국에서 직접 시행한 CDM 사업'의 감축실적을 할당대상업체가 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 시장의 이해관계자들은 한계비용이 낮으면서 많은 양의 배출권을 확보할 수 있는 '고효율 쿡스토브 보급사업'과 같은 해외 CDM 사업을 적극 추진하고 있다. 본 논문은 실물옵션 방법론을 활용하여 '고효율 쿡스토브 보급사업' 대한 외부사업자의 투자의사결정 모형을 개발하였다. 그리고 배출권 가격 불확실성하에서 '고효율 쿡스토브 보급사업'의 최적투자분기점(p^⁎) 도출 및 민감도 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 기준시나리오(PoA-S)에서의 최적투자분기점은 29,054원/톤으로 현재 배출권 현물 가격(p^⁎_spot)보다 낮아 고효율 쿡스토브 보급사업은 경제성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 할당대상업체는 CDM 사업 추진 시 경제성뿐 아니라, 본 논문에서 분석한 투자유치국의 비재생 바이오매스 비율, 쿡스토브 교체 비율, 지분율, 사업기간 및 해외 외부사업 배출권의 사용 한도와 같은 위험요소도 고려하여 의사결정을 해야 한다. 그리고 외부사업자는 외부사업자의 고유 파라미터로 사업단계별 최적투자분기점을 도출하여 경제성 점검에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.116-133
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• 2002

Background : It is very common in Korea to take care of non-acute patients in an acute setting, due to the lack of long-term facilities. Long term hospitalization increase medical expenses and decreases the bed utilization, which can affect the urgent and emergent admissions, and eventually jeopardize the hospital financially. In this study, strategies for effective transfers to the lower levels of care, and to decrease the length of stay were presented by surveying and analyzing the patient's knowledge of the transfer needs, and the willingness to transfer those whose hospital length of stay was more than 30days. Method : The survey is subject to a group of 251 patients who have been hospitalized over 30 days in a general hospital in Seoul. Excluding those that were in the Intensive Care Unit and psychiatric ward, 214 in-patients were used as participants. They were surveyed from April 9, 2002 to April 17, 2002. One hundred and thirty seven out of 214 were responded which made the response rate 64%. Data were analyzed by SAS and SPSS. Result : Multi-variable Logistic Regression Analysis showed a significant effect in medical expenses, knowledge of referral system and the information of the receiving hospital. The financial burden in medical expenses made the patient 10.7 times more willing to be transferred, knowledge of the referral system made them 5 times more willing to be transferred, and the information of receiving hospital makes 6.5 times more willing to be transferred. Reasons for willing to be transferred to a lower level of care were the phase of physical therapy, the distance from home, the attending physician's advice and being unable to be treated as an out patient. Reasons for refusing to be transferred were the following. The attending physician's competency, not being ready to be discharged, not trusting the receiving hospital's competency due to the lack of information, or never hearing about the referring system by the attending physician. Conclusion : Based on this, strategies for the effective transfer to the lower levels of care were suggested. It is desirable for the attending physician to be actively involved by making an effort to explain the transfer need, and referring to the Healthcare Coordinating Center, which can help the patient make the right decision. Nationwide networking for the referral system is the another key factor that may need to be suggested as an alternative to decrease the medical expenses. Collaborating with the Home Health Agency for the early discharge planning and the Social Service Department for financial aid are also needed. It is recommended that the hospital should expedite the transfer process by prioritizing the cost and the information as medical expenses, knowledge of referring system and the information of the receiving hospital, are the most important factors to the willingness to transfer to a lower level of care.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2017

The CNC machine tool field is showing a growing trend with the recent rapid development of manufacturing industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, medical devices, various inspection and test equipment, mechanical metal processing equipment, aircraft, shipbuilding and electronic equipment. However, small and medium-sized machining companies that use CNC machine tools are experiencing difficulties in increasingly intense competition. Especially, small companies which are receiving orders from 3rd or 4th venders are very difficult in business management. In recent years, company S experienced difficulty to make product quality and delivery time due to the ignorance of the processing method when manufacturing cooling plate jig made of SUS304 material used for cell phone liquid crystal glass processing. In order to solve these problems, we redesigned the process according to the size of our company and tried to manage all processes with quantified data. In the meantime, we have found that there is a need to improve the cutter process, which accounts for most of the machining process. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation between RPM and FEED of three cutters that have been used in the past. As a result, we found that it is the most urgent problem to solve the roughing process during the cutter operation which occupies more than 70% of the total machining. In order to shorten the machining time and improve the quality in machining of SUS304 cooling plate jig, we select the main factors such as price, tool life, maintenance cost, productivity, quality, RPM, and FEED and use AHP to find the most suitable milling cutter. We also tried to solve the problem of delivery, quality and production capacity which was a big problem of S company through experiment operation with selected cutter tool. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the most efficient of the three cutters currently available in the machining center has proven to be an M-cutter. Second, although one additional facility was required, it was possible to produce the existing facilities without additional investment by supplementing the lack of production capacity due to productivity improvement. Third, the Company's difficulties in delivery and capacity shortfalls have been resolved. Fourth, annual sales increased by KRW 109 million and profits increased by KRW 32 million annually. Fifth, it can confirm the usefulness of AHP method in corporate decision making and it can be utilized in various facility investment and process improvement in the future.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.729-738
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• 2017

2015년 말 신기후변화협약인 파리협정(Paris Agreement)이 체결됨에 따라 우리나라의 환경정책에도 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. 우리나라의 전체 이산화탄소 배출량의 42%를 차지하고 있는 건설업은 그동안 환경문제를 개선하기 위하여 다양한 정책을 펼쳐 왔지만, 친환경건축물 인증에 해당하는 프로젝트 외에는 소극적 적용에 그치고 있다. 이는 대부분의 친환경 관련제도가 건축시설물을 위주로 하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 건축 뿐 아니라 토목시설물에도 광범위하게 적용될 수 있는 새로운 친환경 설계평가모델이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 VE모델을 기반으로 시설물의 친환경성, 잠재적인 환경오염 개념과 환경위험성을 평가 할 수 있는 새로운 요소를 추가하여 의사결정자가 설계단계에서 친환경에 효과적인 대안을 선정할 수 있도록 친환경 설계평가 모델을 제시 하였다. 원안인 블록식 옹벽과 대안인 현장타설 옹벽을 대상으로 사례분석을 실시한 결과 대안의 친환경가치값이 원안보다 1.026배 높게 산출되었다. 본 모델이 설계단계에서 활용된다면 환경친화적인 시설물의 건설뿐 아니라 탄소배출량의 감축에도 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2009

Objectives: To identify the factors associated with the intention to undergo mammography among Korean women without a prior screening experience. Methods: Among 1,039 women of the general population, we selected 145 women (mean age: 54.2 years, age range : 40-78 years) without any prior experience with mammography. They were recruited for the 'Cancer Information Needs Assessment Survey' by using the method of random multi-stage cluster sampling. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, intention to undergo mammography based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model, level of self belief and self efficacy for breast cancer screening, motivation for decision to undergo breast cancer screening were obtained by conducting a household survey. Results: Of the study subjects, 49.7% were classified as "unengaged" and "decided not to act" regarding breast cancer screening. Women with the intention to undergo mammography were more likely to be younger (OR 0.11, 95%CI 0.04-0.36), to have been recommended to undergo screening by others (OR 3.27, 95%CI 1.36-7.87), to have a high level of perceived sensitivity (OR 3.15, 95%CI 1.27-7.82), and to have a high level of self efficacy (OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.97-1.23). Exposure to campaigns and information regarding breast cancer screening, whether cancer patients are or not in around, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived cost were factors that were not significantly associated with the intention to undergo mammography. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop tailored intervention strategies for women who have never undergone breast cancer screening on the basis of their demographic characteristics and factors that positively influence the intention to undergo mammography.